Персульфат калия (калия пероксодисульфат, калий надсернокислый) Potassium persulfate

Калий надсернокислый используют как вещество, улучшающее мучные изделия (пищевая добавка Е922), как ускоритель при полимеризации и конденсации в производстве пластмасс 

и каучуков, как отбеливатель мыла и жиров, как пестицид, окислитель в лабораторной практике.

Пероксодисульфат калия

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Пероксодисульфат калия

Potassium persulfate.png

Общие

Систематическое

наименование Пероксодисульфат калия

Традиционные названия Надсернокислый калий; персульфат калия

Хим. формула K2O8S2

Рац. формула K2S2O6(O2)

Физические свойства

Состояние бесцветные (белые) кристаллы

Молярная масса 270,32 г/моль

Плотность 2,477 г/см³

Термические свойства

Температура

 • плавления разл. <100 °C

Мол. теплоёмк. 213,1 Дж/(моль·К)

Энтальпия

 • образования -1920,4 кДж/моль

Химические свойства

Растворимость

 • в воде 1,650; 4,6820; 10,9540 г/100 мл

Оптические свойства

Показатель преломления 1,461; 1,467; 1,566

Классификация

Рег. номер CAS 7727-21-1

PubChem 24412

Рег. номер EINECS 231-781-8

SMILES

 [показать]

InChI

 [показать]

Кодекс Алиментариус E922

RTECS SE0400000

Номер ООН 1492

ChemSpider 22821

Безопасность

Персульфат калия (калия пероксодисульфат, калий надсернокислый) — белая соль с мелкими триклинными или большими пластинчатыми кристаллами. Разлагается в горячей воде, хорошо растворяется в холодной. При нагревании до 100 °С выделяет кислород. Персульфат калия получают воздействием концентрированного раствора хлорида калия на раствор персульфата аммония или электролизом раствора гидросульфата калия.

Калий надсернокислый используют как вещество, улучшающее мучные изделия (пищевая добавка Е922), как ускоритель при полимеризации и конденсации в производстве пластмасс и каучуков, как отбеливатель мыла и жиров, как пестицид, окислитель в лабораторной практике.

Синоним: Калий пероксодисульфат, калий персульфат, Е922, калия пероксодисульфат

Международное название: POTASSIUM PERSULFATE

Содержание основного вещества, не менее 99% (по факт.99,2%)

Содержание хлоридов, не более 0,01%

Влажность, не более 0,3 % (по факт. 0,15 %)

Содержание железа, не более 0,004 % (по факт. 0,001%)

Содержание MH4+, не более 0,7 % (по факт. 0,4 %)

Свободная кислота, не более 0,2 %

Условия хранения: в сухом, хорошо проветриваемом помещении.

Приведены данные для стандартных условий (25 °C, 100 кПа), если не указано иное.

Commons-logo.svg Медиафайлы на Викискладе

Пероксодисульфат калия — неорганическое соединение, соль щелочного металла калия и пероксодисерной кислоты с формулой K2S2O6(O2), бесцветные (белые) кристаллы, растворимые в воде.

Получение

Электролиз насыщенного раствора гидросульфата калия:

Физические свойства

Пероксодисульфат калия образует бесцветные (белые) кристаллы триклинной сингонии, пространственная группа P 1, параметры ячейки a = 0,510 нм, b = 0,683 нм, c = 0,540 нм, α = 106,9°, β = 90,17°, γ = 102,58°, Z = 1.

Хорошо растворим в холодной воде, разлагается в горячей. Плохо растворяется в этаноле.

Химические свойства

Пищевая добавка Е922.

Получения растворов перекиси водорода.

Как окислитель в аналитической химии.

Для отбеливания жиров и мыла.

В качестве инициатора полимеризации.

Как компонента некоторых взрывчатых веществ.

Как пестицид.

Относится к многотоннажному химическому производству, ГОСТ 4146-74, пакуется в мешки по 25 кг.

Potassium peroxodisulfate

Potassium peroxodisulfate

Potassium persulfate.png

Peroxodisíran draselný.JPG

General

Systematic

name Potassium peroxodisulfate

Traditional names Potassium sulfate; potassium persulfate

Chem. formula K 2 O 8 S 2

Rat. formula K 2 S 2 O 6 (O 2 )

Physical properties

condition colorless (white) crystals

Molar mass 270.32 g / mol

Density 2.477 g / cm³

Thermal properties

Temperature

 •  melting decomp. <100 ° C

Mol. heat capacity. 213.1 J / (mol K)

Enthalpy

 •  education -1920.4 kJ / mol

Chemical properties

Solubility

 • in water 1.65 0 ; 4.68 20 ; 10.95 40  g / 100 ml

Optical properties

Refractive index 1.461; 1.467; 1,566

Classification

Reg. CAS number 7727-21-1

PubChem 24412

Reg. EINECS number 231-781-8

Potassium peroxodisulfate is an inorganic compound, a salt of an alkali metal potassium and peroxodisulfuric acid with the formula K 2 S 2 O 6 (O 2 ), colorless (white) crystals, soluble in water.

Physical properties 

Potassium peroxodisulfate forms colorless (white) crystals of the triclinic system , space group P 1 , cell parameters a = 0.510 nm, b = 0.683 nm, c = 0.540 nm, α = 106.9 °, β = 90.17 °, γ = 102 , 58 °, Z = 1.

Application 

Food supplement E922.

Obtaining solutions of hydrogen peroxide .

As an oxidizing agent in analytical chemistry .

For bleaching fats and soaps .

As a polymerization initiator .

As a component of some explosives .

Like a pesticide .

Refers to large-scale chemical production, GOST 4146-74, packed in bags of 25 kg.

potassium peroxydisulfate, Anthion, potassium perdisulfate

Not to be confused with Potassium peroxymonosulfate.

Potassium persulfate

Two potassium cations and one peroxydisulfate anion

Potassium persulfate as a white powder

Chemical Name:Potassium persulfate

SynonymsKPS;anthion;Virkon S;BETZ 2701;PERSULPHATE;NP A SOLUTION;Potassum Suphates;SULPHATE STANDARD;POTA

potassium peroxydisulfate

Anthion

potassium perdisulfate

Identifiers

CAS Number: 7727-21-1

ECHA InfoCard 100.028.893

EC Number: 231-781-8

E number E922 (glazing agents, ...)

6B86K0MCZC ☑

UN number 1492

Properties

Chemical formula K2S2O8

Molar mass 270.322 g/mol

Appearance white powder

Odor odorless

Density 2.477 g/cm3[1]

Melting point < 100 °C (212 °F; 373 K) (decomposes)

Solubility in water 1.75 g/100 mL (0 °C)

4.49 g/100 ml (20 °C)

Solubility insoluble in alcohol

Refractive index (nD) 1.467

Crystal structure triclinic

Hazards

Safety data sheet ICSC 1133

Flash point Non-flammable

Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):

LD50 (median dose) 802 mg/kg (oral, rat)[2]

Related compounds

Other anions Potassium sulfite

Potassium sulfate

Potassium peroxymonosulfate

Ammonium persulfate

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Potassium persulfate is the inorganic compound with the formula K2S2O8. Also known as potassium peroxydisulfate or KPS, it is a white solid that is sparingly soluble in cold water, 

but dissolves better in warm water. This salt is a powerful oxidant, commonly used to initiate polymerizations.

Preparation

Potassium persulfate can be prepared by electrolysis of a cold solution potassium bisulfate in sulfuric acid at a high current density.

2 KHSO4 → K2S2O8 + H2

It can also be prepared by adding potassium bisulfate (KHSO4) to a solution of the more soluble salt ammonium peroxydisulfate (NH4)2S2O8. In principle it can be prepared by chemical 

oxidation of potassium sulfate using fluorine.

Uses: This salt is used to initiate polymerization of various alkenes leading to commercially important polymers such as styrene-butadiene rubber and polytetrafluoroethylene and 

,related materials. In solution, the dianion dissociates to give radicals:[O3SO-OSO3]2− ⇌ 2 [SO4]•−

It is used in organic chemistry as an oxidizing agent,[4] for instance in the Elbs persulfate oxidation of phenols and the Boyland–Sims oxidation of anilines.

As a strong yet stable bleaching agent it also finds use in various hair bleaches and lighteners. Such brief and non-continuous use is normally hazard free, however prolonged contact can cause skin irritation.[5] It has been used as an improving agent for flour with the E number E922, although it is no longer approved for this use within the EU.

Prolonged skin contact can result in irritation.

POTASSIUM PERSULFATE

7727-21-1

Potassium peroxydisulfate

Anthion

Potassium peroxodisulfate

Potassium peroxydisulphate

Dipotassium peroxydisulfate

Dipotassium peroxodisulphate

Dipotassium persulfate

Caswell No. 700

Peroxydisulfuric acid, dipotassium salt

potassium persulphate

Potassium peroxydisulfate (K2(S2O8))

Peroxydisulfuric acid dipotassium salt

Peroxydisulfuric acid (((HO)S(O)2)2O2) , dipotassium salt

Peroxydisulfuric acid (((HO)S(O)2)2O2), dipotassium salt

Potassiumpersulfate

Potassium persulfate, 99+%, ACS reagent

Potassium persulfate, 99+%, for analysis

Peroxydisulfuric acid (((HO)S(O)2)2O2), potassium salt (1:2)

Peroxydisulfuric acid ([(HO)S(O)2]2O2), potassium salt (1:2)

Virkon S

potasium persulfate

potassium persulfate

potassium monopersulphate

potassium peroxidisulfate

dipotassium dioxidan-2-idesulfonate

Potassium persulfate, ACS Reagent Grade

Potassium persulfate [UN1492] [Oxidizer]

Potassium persulfate [UN1492] [Oxidizer]

dipotassium [(sulfonatoperoxy)sulfonyl]oxidanide

Potassium persulfate, Trace metals grade 99.99%

Potassium persulfate Chemical Properties,Uses,Production

Outline

Potassium persulfate (Formula is K2S2O8) is also known as potassium peroxydisulfate, molecular weight is 270.32, decomposition temperature is 50-60℃, it is white, odorless crystal, it is soluble in water, insoluble in alcohol, it has strong oxidizing, it is commonly used as bleaching agents, oxidizing agents, it can be used as the polymerization initiator, it almost does not absorb moisture, it has good stability at room temperature, it is easy to be stored, and it has the advantages of convenience and safety, etc. . Applications involves polymerization initiator, circuit board cleaning and etching, copper and aluminum surface activation, modified starch, pulp and textile bleaching and desizing low temperature, circulating water purification treatment systems, oxidative degradation of harmful gases, low formaldehyde adhesive stick together accelerated oxidation of ethanol and aromatic hydrocarbons, disinfectants, hair dye decolorization.

The above information is edited by the chemicalbook of Wang Xiaodong.

Half-life

80℃-1.5 hours; 70℃-7.7 hours; 60℃-33 hours; 45℃-292 hours; 35℃-1600 hours.

Recrystallization

Potassium persulfate dissolves in 30℃ water, cools, then the recrystallized product can be obtained, it is filtered and dried under reduced pressure in the presence of calcium chloride.

Solubility in water(g/100ml)

Grams which dissolves in per 100 ml of water: 4.7g/20 ℃.

The main application areas

Potassium persulfate is mainly used as initiator and strong oxidizing agents.

Initiator:

Potassium persulfate is the initiator of latex or solution polymerization of acrylic monomers, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride and other product, and it is also the initiator of styrene, acrylonitrile, butadiene and the like emulsion for copolymerisation.

Strong oxidizing agent:

1. It is used as desizing agent and bleach activator.

2. It is used for oxidative degradation of harmful substances in pool and closed circular loop in water.

3. It can be applied in the production of starch modifier and applied in the production of adhesive and coating agent.

4. It can be applied in the branched-chain oxidation, alcohol and aromatic hydroxy oxidation.

5. It is one of the basic constituent of hair dyes, it plays the role of decolorization.

Toxicity

The amount is not specified (FAO/WHO, 2001).

Potassium persulfate powder has stimulating effect on nasal mucosa, packaging should be ventilated to prevent dust. Labour protection appliance should be dressed at work.

Storage precautions

Potassium persulfate is non-flammable, it is combustion-supporting which due to it can release of oxygen, storage environment must be dry and clean, well-ventilated. Pay attention to moisture and rain, it should not be transported in rain. Keep away from fire, heat and direct sunlight. It should be kept sealed packaging, labels should be intact and clear. It should be stored separately with flammable or combustible materials, organic compounds, as well as rust, small amount of metal, and other reducing substance, it should avoid mix to prevent causing decomposition of potassium persulfate and explosion.

Chemical properties

It is colorless or white triclinic crystalline powder. It is soluble in water, the solubility is 1.75g/100ml water at 0℃, the solubility is 5.3g/100ml water at 20℃. It is insoluble in alcohol. Queous solution is acidic.

Uses

It can be used as gluten agent of wheat flour.

It is mainly used as a disinfectant and fabric bleach. It can be used as industrial oxidant in dyes and inorganic salts. It can be used as emulsion polymerization initiators in synthetic rubber industry. It can be used as polymerization accelerator in synthetic resin. In addition, it can also be used in the steel, photographic industry and medicine.

It can be used as analytical reagents, oxidants and plastic initiator, it can also be used in the film photofinishing.

The above information is edited by the chemicalbook of Wang Xiaodong.

Production method

Potassium sulfate method

Ammonium sulfate and sulfuric acid formulates to form liquid electrolyte, it is decontaminated by electrolysis, HSO4-can discharge and generate peroxydisulfate acidat in the anode, and then reacts with ammonium sulfate to generate ammonium persulfate, Then replacement reaction can happen when potassium is added . The finished product of potassium persulfate can be obtained after cooling, separation, crystallization, drying.

Anode reaction: 2HSO4-2e → H2S2O8

Cathodic reaction: 2H ++ 2e → H2 ↑

(NH4) 2SO4 + H2S2O8 → (NH4) 2S2O8 + H2SO4

(NH4) 2S2O8 + K2SO4 + H2SO4 → K2S2O8 + 2NH4HSO4

It can be derived by replacement reaction with ammonium persulfate potassium sulfate, then it goes through cooling, separation, crystallization, drying.

Category

oxidant

Toxicity grading

Oral-rat LD50: 802 mg/kg.

Explosive hazardous characteristics

It can explode when mixes with reductant, sulfur, phosphorus; It can explode when be heated, impacted, and meets fire.

Flammability hazard characteristic

Thermal decomposition can get oxygen; toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides can generate after combustion.

Storage characteristics

Treasury should have ventilation and be low-temperature drying; loading and unloading should be light; it should be stored separately with organic matter, reducing agents, sulfur, phosphorus combustibles.

Extinguishing agent

Mist of water, sand, foam.

Professional standards

TWA 2 mg/m.

Chemical Properties: colourless odourless crystals or white powder

Chemical Properties: Potassium persulfate is a colorless or white, odorless crystalline material.

Physical properties: Colorless or white crystals; triclinic structure; density 2.477 g/cm3; stable in solid crystalline form; decomposes on heating, evolving oxygen; completely decomposes at about 100°C; sparingly soluble in cold water 1.75 g/100mL at 0°C; moderately soluble at ordinary temperature, 5.29 g/100 mL at 20°C;aqueous solution acidic and unstable, decomposing slowly at room temperature and more rapidly when the solution is warmed; insoluble in alcohol.

Uses: Bleaching fabrics, soaps; in photography under the name Anthion to remove last traces of thiosulfate from plates and paper; in analytical chemistry.

Preparation: Potassium persulfate can be prepared by electrolysis of a mixture of potassium sulfate and potassium hydrogen sulfate at a high current density:

2KHSO4→K2S2O8+ H2

Also, the compound can be prepared by adding potassium hydrogen sulfate,KHSOto an electrolyzed solution of ammonium hydrogen sulfate, NH4HSO4.

General Description: A white crystalline solid. Specific gravity 2.477. Decomposes below 100°C.

Air & Water Reactions: Water soluble. Slowly decomposed by water. The salt rapidly liberates oxygen when heated, and especially so when wet.

Reactivity Profile: Potassium persulfate is an oxidizing agent. Noncombustible but accelerates the burning of combustible material. Potassium persulfate plus a little potassium hydroxide and water released sufficient heat and oxygen to ignite a polythene (polyethylene) liner in a container. [MCA Case History 1155. 1955].

Hazard: Strong irritant and oxidizing agent. Fire risk in contact with organic materials.

Health Hazard: Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

Fire Hazard: These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May explode from heat or contamination. Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels). May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.

Agricultural Uses: Potassium sulphate, also called sulphate of potash, is a white crystalline material, moderately hygroscopic, available in fine, granular and semi-granular forms. It contains 48 to 54% potassium (as K2O) and supplies 17 to 20 % of sulphate. Chloride-sensitive crops like tobacco, grapes and potato require chloride-free potassium fertilizers. Therefore, these crops are fertilized with potassium sulphate, although this is more expensive than potassium chloride. These three crops, being major crops, account for about 7% of the total potash consumption. For best results, potassium sulphate should contain at least 50 % potash by weight.

Potassium sulphate occurs in nature as 'langbeinite' , a double sulphate of potassium and magnesium (K2SO4?2MgSO4) and made from burkeite (Na2CO3?2Na2SO4), kainite (KCl?MgS04?3H2O) or potassium chloride (KCl) as follows:

When applied to soil, potassium ion from the watersoluble potassium sulphate is retained in the soil colloids and not easily leached out. This makes potassium sulphate an excellent fertilizer, useful for all soils and crops while sowing or before sowing. It is also a safe ingredient of powdered, mixed fertilizers.

Safety Profile: Moderately toxic by ingestion. An irritant and allergen. A powerful oxidtzer. Flammable when exposed to heat or by chemical reaction. Can react with reducing materials. It liberates oxygen above 100' when dry or @ about 50' when in solution. When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of SOx,, S2O8, and K2O.

Potential Exposure: Potassium persulfate is used as a bleaching and oxidizing agent; it is used in redox polymeri- zation catalysts; in the defiberizing of wet strength paper and in the desizing of textiles. Soluble in water.

Shipping: UN1492 Potassium persulfate, Hazard Class: 5.1; Labels: 5.1-Oxidizer.

Purification Methods: Crystallise the persulfate twice from distilled water (10mL/g) and dry it at 50o in a vacuum desiccator. Its solubility in H2O is 1.6% at 0o, 4.5% at 20o, and 7.2% at 30o. An aqueous solution decomposes on long standing with evolution of O2 and formation of KHSO4. It is a powerful oxidising agent. Store it at ~10o. [Fehér in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I p 390 1963.]

Incompatibilities: A strong oxidizer. Incompatible with combustible, organic or other readily oxidizable materials; sulfur, metallic dusts, such as aluminum dust; chlorates and perchlorates. Attacks chemically active metals. Keep away from moisture.

Waste Disposal: Use large volumes of reducing agents (bisulfites, e.g.). Neutralize with soda ash and drain into sewer with abundant water.

Potassium persulfate Preparation Products And Raw materials

Potasyum persülfat, K₂S₂O₈ formülüne sahip inorganik bileşiktir. Potasyum peroksidisülfat veya KPS olarak da bilinir, soğuk suda az çözünür, ancak ılık suda daha iyi çözünen beyaz bir 

katıdır. Bu tuz, polimerizasyonları başlatmak için yaygın olarak kullanılan güçlü bir oksitleyicidir.