KATHON™ 886 MW Microbicide Metalworking Fluid Fungicide
Microbicide for Water-Based Cutting Fluids
Description
Soluble, synthetic, and semi-synthetic metalworking fluids or coolants provide an excellent environment for the
growth of various microorganisms, including bacteria, mold, and yeast. If allowed to grow, these organisms can
have detrimental effects on the fluids. For example, bacteria, which can grow very quickly, can destroy the
integrity of the fluid by discoloration destroying lubricity characteristics, and causing emulsions to split. Bacteria
can also reduce the pH of the fluid, which can promote corrosion. Some forms of bacteria have objectionable
odors. Fungi typically grow more slowly than bacteria, but can form large masses which clog filters and lines and
in some cases lead to system shutdown; fungi also generate foul odors and can cause corrosion.
KATHON 886 MW microbicide is very effective against bacteria and fungi. It is recommended for use in soluble,
semi-synthetic, and synthetic metalworking fluids. Due to the wide variations in coolant formulations,
laboratory or pilot tests are recommended to evaluate KATHON 886 MW microbicide in specific
metalworking fluids prior to commercial use.
KATHON 886 MW microbicide is supplied as a 14% active liquid in water. It is registered with the U.S. EPA
(Environmental Protection Agency), number 707-129.
Tankside Biocide
KATHON biocides have been used safely and effectively in a variety of industries around the world for more than
20 years. In 1977 Rohm and Haas Company was granted EPA registration for KATHON 886 MW microbicide for use
in metalworking fluids, in 2 piece can manufacture, hot aluminum rolling, and general machinery of ferrous and
aluminum materials. In 1986, this registration was expanded to include the use of KATHON 886 MW microbicide in
metal cleaners and water-based hydraulic fluids.
The information in this brochure has been compiled to familiarize users of KATHON 886 MW microbicide with its
chemistry, to communicate the tremendous benefits of this product as well as the potential hazards, to provide
directions for safe and efficient use of the product, and to aid the user in the event of misuse. Particular attention
should be paid to the Compatibility section of this brochure which provides insight on the stability of KATHON 886
MW microbicide with individual components and additives frequently used in metalworking fluid operations.
KATHON 886 MW microbicide can be used safely and effectively by following the instructions and precautions
outlined in this brochure, on the product label
Key Features and Benefits of KATHON 886 MW
Details the features and benefits of Kathon 886 MW
Features Benefits
Highly effective microbicide Extends metalworking fluid life, resulting in reduced makeup fluid
use and costs and lower waste fluid disposal costs
Broad spectrum activity Provides long lasting and effective contamination prevention versus bacteria and fungi (no performance gaps)
Efficacious versus specific problem-causing microorganisms
Effective against Mycobacterium and endotoxin-producing bacteria (based on controlled laboratory studies)
Good temperature and pH stability Works well in a variety of metalworking conditions up to 60°C (140°F) and pH 9.2
Highly soluble in water and does not foam Easy to dose
Provides long lasting microbial control Cost effective versus competitive tankside treatments
Fast acting Quickly controls microbial activity (oxygen consumption) and odor-causing bacteria and fungi
Effective at low use rates (10 to 17 ppm ai) and biodegradable Better for the environment
Does not contain or release formaldehyde Not subject to formaldehyde concerns
Directions For Use
Metalworking Fluid Preservation
For maintenance of a non-fouled system, use KATHON 886 MW microbicide at 2.7 fluid ounces (0.23 pounds) per
1,000 gallons of emulsion every 4 weeks or 2.7-12.8 fluid ounces (0.23-1.1 pounds) per 1,000 gallons of emulsion
every 8-12 weeks. For a noticeable fouled system use an initial dose of 5.4-12.8 fl oz (0.46-1.1 pounds) per 1,000
gallons of emulsion followed by subsequent maintenance dosages depending upon the treatment interval noted
above.
A higher dosage range and/or increased frequency of treatment may be required depending upon rate of dilution
of the preservative with makeup fluid, the nature and severity of contamination, level of control required, filtration
effectiveness, and system design, etc. The preservative should be dispensed into the use dilution of the metalworking fluid using a metering pump and uniformly dispersed throughout the system.
Metal Cleaning Fluid Preservation
KATHON 886 MW microbicide is recommended as a preservative for the manufacture and use of alkaline, acid, and
emulsion based metal cleaning fluids typically used in electroplating, phosphatizing, galvanizing, and general metal
cleaning operations.
For addition to a metal cleaning concentrate add KATHON 886 MW at a level to ensure that the final use-dilution
fluid contains 44 to 147 ppm as supplied (6.25 - 25 ppm active isothiazolones).
When direct addition to a fouled system, add 5.6-22.6 fl oz (0.48-1.9 lbs) of microbicide to each 1,000 gallons of
use-diluted metal cleaning fluid every 3 to 4 weeks to provide 44 to 177 ppm as supplied (6.25 to 25 ppm active
isothiazolones). A higher dosage range and/or increased frequency may be required depending upon dilution rate
of the preservative with makeup fluid, the nature and severity of contamination, level of control required, filtration
effectiveness, and system design, etc.
The preservative should be dispensed into the use-dilution metal cleaning fluid using a metering pump and
uniformly dispersed throughout the system.
Water Based Hydraulic Fluid Preservation
KATHON 886 MW microbicide is recommended as a preservative for use in the manufacture and use of high waterbased hydraulic fluids and invert emulsion hydraulic fluids.
For the maintenance of a nonfouled system, use KATHON 886 MW microbicide at 9-13 fluid oz (0.76-1.1 lbs) per
1,000 gallons of fluid every 8 weeks. For a noticeably fouled system use an initial dose of 13 to 20 fluid ounces
(1.1-1.7 lbs) per 1,000 gallons fluid followed by subsequent maintenance doses. A higher dosage range and/or
increased frequency of treatment may be required depending upon rate of dilution of the preservative with
makeup fluid, the nature and severity of contamination, level of control required, filtration effectiveness, system
design, etc.
The preservative should be dispensed into the use-dilution of the hydraulic fluid using a metering pump and
uniformly dispersed throughout the system.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Solubility
KATHON 886 MW microbicide is soluble in water, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, acetic acid, and 3.5 parts nbutanol. KATHON 886 MW microbicide is insoluble in acetone.
Stability
pH - KATHON 886 MW microbicide is stable over a wide pH range (3.0-9.2) in water and metalworking fluid
systems. Its stability and performance are improved at lower pH. Whenever possible the pH of a system should be
maintained below pH 9.2.
Storage - KATHON 886 MW microbicide is stable as supplied for at least one year at ambient temperatures and at
least six months at 50°C.
Recommended Use Practices
General Practices When Using KATHON Biocides
Know the size of your system and dose at the recommended use levels.
To improve performance and longevity add KATHON 886 MW microbicide on the clean side of the filters. It
may be necessary to occasionally add KATHON 886 MW microbicide to the dirty side of the filters if large
populations of microorganisms are detected there.
Minimize contamination:
- Eliminate or minimize dead spots
- Disconnect unused portions of the system
- Do not throw trash in sumps
Always remember to triple rinse (or equivalent) empty KATHON 886 MW containers to avoid incidental
contact.
Post placard with safety information and deactivation protocol near biocide handling area.
Table 3 Chemical Composition
Ingredients KATHON 886 MW
Active
Ingredients 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one 10.4%
2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one 3.7%
Total Active Ingredients (typical) 14.1%
Inert Ingredients Magnesium ion 4.2 to 5.5 %
(Approximate
Values) Water to 100%
Table 4
Typical Physical Properties
These properties are typical but do not constitute specifications.
Appearance Amber to gold, slightly
viscous liquid
Odor Mild, aromatic
Specific Gravity, @ 25°C 1.29
Density, lb./gal. 10.8
pH 1 to 3
Viscosity, cps, @ 25°C 16
Melting Point, °C –33
Boiling Point, °C 100
Vapor Pressure,
(mm Hg), @ 23°C
0.1
The typical physical properties of KATHON 886 MW microbicide are
presented in Table 2.
Maximizing the Performance of KATHON 886 MW Fungicide
Additional guidelines for maximizing the performance of KATHON 886 MW microbicide are as follows:
KATHON 886 MW microbicide stability and performance is improved with lower pH. Whenever possible
maintain the pH of system below pH 9.2. Lower pH also makes amines and amine-containing compounds
less aggressive.
For systems with pH greater than 9.5, we strongly recommend determination of biological efficacy and
chemical stability prior to use.
Avoid adding highly basic additives (alkaline materials with pH of 10-12) immediately prior to or after
adding KATHON 886 MW microbicide to your system. If a highly basic additive must be added, allow
sufficient time (at least 30 minutes) between additions.
Minimize levels of diethanolamine (DEA) in your system. If possible use 99% triethanolamine (TEA) or
monoethanolamine (MEA) instead of DEA, and use these at as low a level as possible.
Avoid use of mercaptans such as mercaptobenzothiazole.
Some biocides are incompatible with KATHON 886 MW and can degrade it. To maintain performance avoid
using Sodium Omadine and Triadine 10 with KATHON 886 MW microbicide. If a fungicide is needed, use
KATHON 893 MW fungicide; it is completely compatible with KATHON 886 MW microbicide.
Always add KATHON 886 MW microbicide directly to the metalworking fluid sump. Never use KATHON 886
MW microbicide in a spray bottle.
Avoid charging KATHON 886 MW microbicide in high temperature zones, since increasing temperatures
accelerate other degradation effects. Ideally, add KATHON 886 MW microbicide to the fluid below 60°C
(140°F).
Avoid adding KATHON 886 MW microbicide and incompatible corrosion inhibitors directly to the tank at the
same time.
Performance Information
How Does KATHON 886 MW Work?
KATHON 886 MW biocide utilizes a two-step mechanism involving rapid growth inhibition leading to a loss of cell
viability. Growth inhibition is the result of rapid disruption of the central metabolic pathways of the cell by
inhibition of several specific enzymes, including dehydrogenases. The critical enzymes which are affected are
associated with the Krebs cycle (alpha- ketoglutarate, pyruvate, and succinate dehydrogenase), nutrient
metabolism (lactate dehydrogenase) and energy generation (NADH dehydrogenase).
The key physiological activities that are rapidly inhibited in microbial cells are respiration (oxygen consumption),
energy generation (ATP synthesis), and growth (assimilation). Many of these key enzymes are present in both
aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms, which explains why KATHON 886 MW is such a broad spectrum biocide.
Inhibition of cellular activity and growth is rapid (within minutes), whereas cell death (cidal activity) is observed
after several hours contact. In general, the higher the concentration of biocide, the shorter the contact time
required for more complete kill. Cell death results from the progressive loss of protein thiols in the cell from one of
multiple pathways. As cell metabolism is disrupted, free radicals are produced which also results in cell death. This
unique mechanism results in the broad spectrum of activity of KATHON 886 MW biocide, low use levels for
microbial control, and difficulty in attaining resistance by mutation.
How Rapidly Does KATHON 886 MW Microbicide Work?
Within minutes after addition of KATHON 886 MW microbicide to a metalworking fluid sump, the metabolic activity
of the microorganisms in the system shuts down. This includes cellular respiration (oxygen uptake), growth,
energy generation, and nutrient uptake. The microorganisms, although still alive, are no longer able to reproduce
or metabolize metalworking fluid components. After 24 to 48 hours of contact with a lethal dose of the
microbicide, most of the microorganisms have been killed.
How Long Does KATHON 886 MW Microbicide Last?
KATHON 886 MW microbicide generally retains its antimicrobial efficacy in metalworking fluid systems for 1 to 4
weeks. Variables such as degree of fluid contamination, effectiveness of the filtration system, system turnover
time, compatibility between the microbicide and the metalworking fluid components, and other system additives
involved, can affect the life of the microbicide in a system.
Is KATHON 886 MW Microbicide Effective in Reducing Biofilm Growth?
YES. The active ingredients in KATHON 886 MW microbicide have been shown to reduce microbial fouling and
prevent biofilm development. A number of application studies have been conducted demonstrating reduction of
both viable microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) as well as total biomass (total protein and dry solids) on industrial
surfaces. The benefits of reduced microbial fouling include improved system performance, reduced filter plugging,
reduced biocorrosion, and improved microbial control. Additional information on biofouling studies is presented in
technical bulletin CS-673R.
Is KATHON 886 MW Microbicide Effective Versus Mycobacteria?
YES. The performance of KATHON 886 MW microbicide was tested in controlled laboratory studies versus a pure
culture of Mycobacterium chelonae (ATCC 14472). Results showed 7-20 ppm active ingredient prevented the
growth of the Mycobacterium isolate (106
cfu/ml) in dilute and full strength nutrient broth. An eradication study in
a soluble oil fluid showed KATHON 886 MW microbicide at 9 ppm active ingredient was sufficient to provide
complete kill of 103
bacteria/ml.
Is KATHON 886 MW Microbicide Effective Versus Endotoxin-Producing Bacteria?
YES. The term "bacterial endotoxin" is synonymous with the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) component of the outer
membrane of Gram negative bacteria. It is generally regarded that the Lipid A component of the LPS is directly
responsible for the endotoxic activity of certain Gram negative bacteria. The "endotoxin" terminology refers to the
fact that the "toxin" is located on the exterior of the bacterial cell and is "released" from the cell into the
surrounding liquid after cell death and lysis. It is important to note that not all LPS from Gram negative bacteria
are endotoxins. The most heavily studied LPS are from Escherichia, Shigella and Salmonella, all of which are
enteric or intestinal bacteria. KATHON 886 MW microbicide has been shown to be efficacious versus many Gram
negative bacteria, known to produce endotoxins, under controlled laboratory studies. Minimum Inhibitory
Concentrations for KATHON 886 MW microbicide are within the recommended use range for general bacterial
control. In addition, KATHON 886 MW microbicide does not function by cell lysis or membrane disruption, so killed
cells would be less likely to release endotoxins.
How Can I Improve the Stability and Performance of KATHON 886 MW Microbicide in Aggressive
Systems?
KATHON 886 MW microbicide may encounter conditions in certain metalworking fluids where stability is reduced.
Several options exist to improve it’s performance and stability. Addition of inorganic or organic forms of copper to
the fluid may improve the stability of the active ingredients and reduce degradation. Alternatively, KATHON MWC
microbicide contains copper salts and is designed for aggressive conditions. Addition of biosurfactants or
biodispersants may improve it’s efficacy, especially against biofilms or heavily contaminated systems. Addition of a
chelant, such as EDTA, may also boost efficacy in challenging systems.
Is KATHON 886 MW Microbicide Effective Against Thermophiles?
YES. KATHON 886 MW microbicide was evaluated for efficacy against thermophilic bacteria in 4 hot aluminum
rolling oils. KATHON 886 MW microbicide at 20 ppm a.i. (143 ppm as supplied) controlled microbial growth at 54°C
in all 4 of the fluids (at recommended dilutions) at least 4 weeks and in 1 fluid for 3 weeks. Results are presented
in Table 5.
Is KATHON 886 MW Microbicide Corrosive at Recommended Use Rates or with Repeated Dosing?
NO. A study to determine if repeated doses of KATHON 886 MW microbicide or magnesium chloride in use-dilution
metalworking fluids cause corrosion was conducted. This study showed no detrimental effects from either the
KATHON biocide or the magnesium chloride. In this study, mild steel coupons were placed in glass bottles
containing a 4% solution of a commercial metalworking fluid in demineralized water. Levels of KATHON 886 MW
ranging from 200-1600 ppm, product as supplied, (2-16 times the recommended use rate) or levels of magnesium
chloride ranging from 110-550 ppm were added to the bottles and stored at 35°C for 6 months. The pH of all
samples was @ 9.4. All tests were performed in triplicate; no observable corrosion occurred on any of the metal
coupons. Results are presented in Table 6.
Efficacy
Microbistatic Properties
Table 7 lists the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) in parts per million of KATHON 886 MW microbicide
(active ingredients) for microorganisms frequently found in metalworking fluid systems. The data are intended
only to indicate the activity of KATHON 886 MW microbicide in aqueous solutions and do not represent a claim for
recommended use concentrations.
Table 7
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Values for
KATHON 886 MW Microbicide versus Bacteria and Fungi*
Microorganism**
PPM Active
Ingredient
KATHON 886 MW
Gram-Negative Bacteria
Achromobacter parvulus 4334 2
Alcaligenes faecalis 8750 2
Azotobacter vinelandii 12837 5
Burkholderia cepacia Gibraltar 165 0.75
Enterobacter aerogenes 3906 5
Escherichia coli 11229 8
Flavobacterium suavcolens 958 9
Mycobacterium chelonae 14472 7
Nitrobacter agilis 14123 0.1
Proteus vulgaris 8427 5
Pseudomonas aeruginosa 15442 5
Pseudomonas fluorescens 13525 2
Pseudomonas oleovorans 8062 5
Salmonella typhosa 6539 5
Shigella sonnei 9292 2
Gram Positive Bacteria
Bacillus cereus var mycoides R&H L5 2
Bacillus subtilis R&H B2 2
Brevibacterium ammoniagenes 6871 2
Cellulomonas sp 21399 6
Sarcina lutea 9341 5
Staphylococcus aureus 6538 2
Staphylococcus epidermidis 155 2
Streptococcus pyogenes 624 9
Streptomyces albus 3004 1
Metalworking Fluids
Ferrous Systems - The efficacy of KATHON 886 MW microbicide was evaluated in three use-dilution
metalworking fluids designed for use in ferrous operations. Results from these tests, provided in Table 8, show
that KATHON 886 MW effectively controlled microorganisms at <103
CFU/ml for greater than 4 weeks at 17.5 – 20
ppm a.i., and for 1 to 2 weeks at 10 ppm a.i.
Hot Aluminum Rolling Oils - The stability of KATHON 886 MW microbicide was determined at ambient
temperature and at 54°C, in 5 hot aluminum rolling oils. KATHON 886 MW was found to be stable in all 5 fluids at
both temperatures for 2 weeks. The efficacy of KATHON 886 MW microbicide in the same fluids was determined at
37°C and 54°C. KATHON 886 MW was found to be efficacious at both temperatures for 4 weeks at a level of 14
ppm active ingredient. Test results are provided in Tables 9 and 10.
Fungi
Aspergillus foetidus 16878 8
Aspergillus niger 9642 9
Aspergillus oryzae 10196 5
Candida albicans (yeast) 11651 5
Cephalosporium sp. R&H Isolate 2
Chaetomium globosum 6205 9
Cladosporium resinae 11274 5
Fusarium sp. R&H Isolate 2
Mucor rouxii R&H L5-83 5
Penicillium funiculosum 9644 5
Penicillium variabile USDA Isolate 2
Rhizopus stolonifer 10404 5
Rhodotorula rubra (yeast) 9449 2
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) 2601 2
Trichophyton mentagrophytes 9533 5
Trichosporon sp. (yeast) R&H Isolate 2
*The data in Table 7 were obtained with KATHON 886 MW microbicide as supplied or with a technical grade of
the active ingredients used as an intermediate in its manufacture.
***Tests were performed by serially diluting test compounds in trypticase soy broth and 1:100 inoculation
with 24-hour broth cultures of test bacterium or fungal spore suspension prepared from 7-14 day culture
slants washed with 7 ml deionized water. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined visually after 2
days incubation at 37°C for bacteria and 7 days incubation at 28-30°C for fungi. Mycobacterium chelonae was
tested in 1/4 X TSB media at 37°C and the MIC value recorded after 5 days.
Aluminum Can Forming Fluids
The stability and efficacy of KATHON 886 MW microbicide in 3 use-dilution aluminum can forming fluids were
determined at 25°C and 38°C. The pH of the fluids was 7.4-7.6. The chemical stability after 4 weeks indicated
good stability at 25°C and fair stability at 38°C. KATHON 886 MW microbicide was efficacious at both temperatures
at 17.5 ppm active ingredient for 4 weeks.
Four metal cleaning wash water samples taken from 2 different washer lines from a can plant were used to
determine the efficacy of KATHON 886 MW microbiocide. KATHON 886 MW microbicide at 140 ppm as supplied
(~20 ppm a.i.) successfully inhibited growth of microorganisms in all 4 samples for 2 weeks.
Compatibility With Metalworking Additives
More than 200 metalworking fluid additives, including emulsifiers, corrosion inhibitors, EP additives, etc., have
been tested for their effect on the stability of KATHON 886 MW microbicide. Table 14 lists these compounds and
their primary function by degree of compatibility with KATHON 886 MW microbicide ranging from EXCELLENT
COMPATIBILITY to NOT COMPATIBLE. Table 15 cross-references Table 14 and lists these additives by type. The
data in Tables 14 and 15 should be used in conjunction with the guidelines below:
1. Assume KATHON 886 MW microbicide will work. It can be used with all metalworking fluid additives except
those listed as NOT COMPATIBLE.
2. Use the data in Tables 14 and 15 to assess the relative effect of your formulation additives.
3. If possible, select alternative additives in higher compatibility categories to improve the stability of KATHON
886 MW microbicide.
4. Lower the pH or the levels of aggressive additives to improve compatibility.
5. Contact Rohm and Haas Company for information on KATHON MWC microbicide which has enhanced
stability and efficacy in certain metalworking fluids which are antagonistic toward KATHON 886 MW
microbicide.
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