DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE
Diammonium phosphate= DAP = Diammonium hydrogen phosphate = Phosphoric acid, ammonium salt (1:2)
Chemical formula: (NH4)2(HPO4)
IUPAC name: diammonium hydrogen phosphate
Other names: ammonium monohydrogen phosphate, ammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium phosphate dibasic
CAS Number: 7783-28-0
EC / List no.: 231-987-8
PRODUCT USE:
Nutrient in manufacture of yeast; ingredient in compound bread improvers.
Flame retardant.
pH regulator.
Agriculture – Ingredient in specialty all-soluble dry fertilizers.
Building Materials – Flame-proofing of wood.
Paint – Ingredient in flame-proofing of specialty paper; prevention of afterglow in matches.
Pulp and Paper – Flame-proofing of specialty paper; prevention of afterglow in materials.
Textile – Flame-proofing of fabrics and cotton batting.
Nutrient feed for biological treatment plants
Uses of Diammonium phosphate:
Fertilizer
Flame Retardant
Food Additive
Feed Additive
INDUSTRIAL USES OF DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE:
Manufacture of the substance, formulation and synthesis (all tipes), formulation of fertilizers, manufacture of solid and liquid fertilizers, Manufacture of fire extinguisher powder, Use as Flame retardant agent (UCN B45000)for textiles, furnitures, wood, paper, matches, plastics & cellulosics, Nutrient for yeast and in many fermentation processes infood and pharmaceutical sectors (UCN 42300), manufacture of frits for enamel (UCN G15000), binder in refractory bricks, tiles
[UCN code B20300: Other binding agents, Manufacture of washing and cleaning products, Dental Investment Casting Material,Flux for soldering for the manufacture of metal products, electronic and electrical equipement, Manufacture of Ammonium polyphosphates , Flame retardants, Paints and Coatings, Wild Fire eraser, Use as laboratory chemical.
Commonly known as DAP, Diammonium Phosphate is manufactured by reacting 1 mole of phosphoric acid (produced from mined phosphate rock) with 2 moles of ammonia; the resulting slurry is solidified into a granular form.
Diammonium phosphate (DAP) is the world’s most widely used phosphorus fertilizer.
Diammonium phosphate (DAP) is made from two common constituents in the fertilizer industry, and its relatively high nutrient content and excellent physical properties make it a popular choice in farming and other industries.
Diammonium hydrogen phosphate is an inorganic phosphate, being the diammonium salt of phosphoric acid.
The commercially available fertilizer has an analysis of 18-46-0 (N-P2O5-K2O) and is marketed under the name diammonium phosphate or DAP.
Diammonium phosphate has a role as a fertilizer.
Diammonium phosphate is an inorganic phosphate and an ammonium salt.
Diammonium phosphate stimulates yeast growth and fermentation activity.
Diammonium phosphate helps to prevent the formation of hydrogen sulfide.
Diammonium phosphate is readily soluble in water and can be added directly or as an aqueous solution.
Diammonium phosphate is one of a series of water-soluble ammonium phosphate salts that can be produced when ammonia reacts with phosphoric acid.
Solid diammonium phosphate shows a dissociation pressure of ammonia as given by the following expression and equation:
(NH4)2HPO4(s) ⇌ NH3(g) + (NH4)H2PO4(s)
At 100 °C, the dissociation pressure of diammonium phosphate is approximately 5 mmHg.
Decomposition starts as low as 70 °C: "Hazardous Decomposition Products: Gradually loses ammonia when exposed to air at room temperature.
Decomposes to ammonia and monoammonium phosphate at around 70 °C (158 °F).
At 155 °C (311 °F), DAP emits phosphorus oxides, nitrogen oxides and ammonia
Uses
Diammonium Phosphate: DAP fertilizer is an excellent source of P and N for plant nutrition
Diammonium phosphate is used as a fertilizer.
When applied as plant food, Diammonium phosphate temporarily increases the soil pH, but over a long term the treated ground becomes more acidic than before upon nitrification of the ammonium.
Diammonium phosphate is incompatible with alkaline chemicals because its ammonium ion is more likely to convert to ammonia in a high-pH environment.
The average pH in solution is 7.5–8.
The typical formulation is 18-46-0 (18% N, 46% P2O5, 0% K2O).
Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) is a mineral nitrogen source used for yeast viability during primary fermentation.
DAP stimulates yeast growth and fermentation activity and helps to prevent the formation of hydrogen sulfide.
Add it to juice or must to supplement natural levels of yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) at the beginning of fermentation.
DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE AS FLAME RETARDANT:
Diammonium phosphate can be used as a fire retardant.
Diammonium phosphate is easily soluble in water.
Diammonium phosphate (DAP)is most commonly used as a fire-proof agent additive for wood, paper, fabric, used in manufacturing late making, medicine and radio tube, and also used in phosphorus applications.
Diammonium phosphate lowers the combustion temperature of the material, decreases maximum weight loss rates, and causes an increase in the production of residue or char.
These are important effects in fighting wildfires as lowering the pyrolysis temperature and increasing the amount of char formed reduces that amount of available fuel and can lead to the formation of a firebreak.
Diammonium phosphate is the largest component of some popular commercial firefighting products and is the ingredient in "fire retardant" cigarettes.
To improve the flame retardancy of the bio-composites, various diammonium phosphates (DAP) are treated into the fibers.
In general, the results indicate that increasing the percentage of diammonium phosphate used to treat the fibers effectively improves the flame resistant, weight loss rate, and flexural modulus but decreases the flexural and tensile strengths of the bio-composites.
Bio-composites with diammonium phosphate-treated fibers showed a greater flexural modulus than those with untreated fibers, and the flexural modulus was even greater than that of neat polymers (PLA and PP).
Also, increasing the percentage of DAP for treatment of the fibers in the composites decreases the temperature required for 5% weight loss and the decomposition rate, but increases the char residual at 500 °C.
The best linear burning rate and weight loss rate were observed for fiber treatment with 5% DAP.
Research highlights
► DAP-treated fibers effectively improve the fire retardancy, reduce the weight loss rate, and improve the flexural modulus.
► Increasing the concentration of DAP solution reduces rates of burning and weight loss.
► DAP-treated coconut filter fiber/PLA composites have good flame retardant and mechanical properties but lack of wear resistance.
The effect of diammonium phosphate (DAP) and diammonium sulfate (DAS) treatment on the pyrolysis of wood was investigated.
Two ammonium salts are widely used as flame retardants in wood substrate, and both are significantly alter the char reactivity.
A lower activation energy and a higher reaction order are obtained for diammonium phosphate-treated sample as compared to wood treated with DAS.
Both treatments produce an equal amount and composition of solid, liquid and gaseous products during decomposition.
However, with increasing the concentration of salts and/or decreasing the heating temperature produce greater amount of char and water.
It was concluded that DAP treatment showed better flame retardancy on the basis of the formation of higher yields of char, water and lower combustible flammable liquids.
It also confirmed that the release of decomposed volatile products depends on the DAP concentration.
The thermogravimetric analysis was carried out in air of wood and wood impregnated with DAP concentrations range up to 20% and heating rates between 5 and 20°C/min.
Results showed a three step decompositions in sequence of wood decomposition, induction and char oxidation, and concluded that the estimated kinetic parameters are independent of the heating rate but vary with the DAP concentration.
However, the activation energies of the various steps remain practically constant except for the decomposition of the cellulose component or the decomposition step, depending on the complexity of the mechanism [36].
Diammonium phosphate is also used as a yeast nutrient in winemaking and mead-making; as an additive in some brands of cigarettes purportedly as a nicotine enhancer; to prevent afterglow in matches, in purifying sugar; as a flux for soldering tin, copper, zinc and brass; and to control precipitation of alkali-soluble and acid-insoluble colloidal dyes on wool.
DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE is used as a food additive, for example as a nutrient in yeast cultivation which can be used in wine, food and pharmaceutical industries.
DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE is also an ingredient in compounded bread improvers.
DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE is a nutrient for yeast, providing both phosphorus and nitrogen.
This strengthens the yeast so fermentation can occur faster and will ensure it continues to completion.
This property makes DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE great for processes such as wine and bread making.
Diammonium Phosphate Food Quality is a pure diammonium phosphate produced especially for yeast nutrition.
The specific advantages of Diammonium Phosphate Food Quality:
- Ensures rapid yeast propagation
- Equalizes deficiencies in nitrogen and phosphate
- Improved fermentation degree and higher alcohol yield
Application of Diammonium Phosphate Food Quality:
Diammonium Phosphate Food Quality can be predissolved directly in a little juice or cold water and then be added to the fermenting beverage.
Mixing well ensures optimal distribution.
Diammonium Phosphate is a water-soluble inorganic phosphate salt, mostly used in the baking industry as a synergistic ingredient in breadmaking.
Incorporation of of the salt is helpful for:
Providing phosphorus and nitrogen, vital nutrients for yeast cells
Enhancing growth of yeast cells
Helping yeasts to absorb other micronutrients
Speeding up fermentation reactions (enhancing metabolic production, e.g., carbon dioxide and alcohol)
Controlling pH of sponge doughs, due to its buffer nature
Strengthening and conditioning dough mixtures
Function
In the first stages of dough fermentation, it is essential to provide micronutrients for yeast cells.
The goal is to enhance the growth of yeast cells (biomass) rather than pursue the rapid production of primary metabolic products (e.g., carbon dioxide and alcohol).
Certain trace elements like phosphorus, magnesium, and others are required by the yeast cells to assure optimal growth during fermentation because they act as cofactors in many enzymatic reactions and participate in all phases of of the metabolism of the yeasts.
Another key factor in yeast fermentations is nitrogen, that is, the amino acid level in the dough liquid phase.
Here, the level of assimilable nitrogen can be increased by the addition of Diammonium phosphate.
Nutrition
Due to its inorganic nature, Diammonium phosphate has no nutritive value for humans.
The acceptable daily intake for humans of phosphoric acid (in the form of Diammonium phosphate) is up to 70 mg/kg body weight.
Application
The optimal level of Diammonium phosphate as a nutritive ingredient for yeasts can be in the range of 10–20 ppm.
Specific amounts can vary depending on the yeast strain used in each bakery, process requirements, and the formulations set
Non-agricultural uses of Diammonium phosphate (DAP)
Diammonium phosphate (DAP) is produced from industrial phosphoric acid that contains large amounts of anionic and cationic impurities (Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Zn, F, As, Al, Hg, Pb and Cd). Consequently all those impurities will be found in DAP.
However, the industrial Diammonium phosphate obtained can be used as fertilizers, but cannot be used for some industrial application like pharmaceutics and cosmetics.
After purification, the price of Diammonium phosphate is three times more expensive than the same product before purification.
The procedure for purification of industrial DAP is a recrystallization, by using several mixtures of solvents.
Use of Diammonium phosphate : ANTICORROSIVE, BUFFERING, ORAL CARE
Diammonium phosphate also acts as a fire retardant.
For example, a mixture of Diammonium phosphate and other ingredients can be spread in advance of a fire to prevent a forest from burning.
Diammonium phosphate then becomes a nutrient source after the danger of fire has passed.
Diammonium phosphate is used in various industrial processes, too, such as metal finishing.
And, Diammonium phosphate is commonly added to wine to sustain yeast fermentation and to milk to produce cheese cultures.
Natural occurrence
The compound occurs in the nature as the exceedingly rare mineral phosphammite.
The related dihydrogen compound occurs as the mineral biphosphammite.
Both are related to guano deposits.
Substance names and other identifiers
Diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate
EC Inventory
diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate
Diammonium phosphate
EU. Annex of Approved Active Substances for Plant Protection Products
Phosphoric acid, ammonium salt (1:2)
CAS names: Phosphoric acid, ammonium salt (1:2)
IUPAC names
Ammoniu´m phoshate dibasic
DAP
DAPDiammonium Phosphate
di-Ammonium hydrogenorthophosphate
Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP)
di-Amonio Hidrógeno Fosfato
diammonium hydroganorthophosphate
Diammonium hydrogen phosphate
diammonium hydrogen phosphate
diammonium hydrogen sulfate
DIAMMONIUM HYDROGENORTHOPHOSPHATE
Diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate
diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate
Diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate
diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate
Diammonium hydrogenortophosphate
Diammonium Phosphate
Diammonium Phosphate (DAP)
Diammonium phosphate, DAP
diammonium phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, DAP
Diammoniumhydrogenorthophosphat
Diammoniumhydrogenorthophosphate
Diammoniumphosphat
diazanium hydrogen phosphate
diazanium hydrogenphosphate
diazanium;hydrogen phosphate
hidrogen phosphate d'ammonium
Diammonium hydrogen phosphate
Phosphoric acid, diammonium salt
phosphoric acid, diammonium salt
tetraossoidrogenofosfato di diazano
Trade names
Ammonium acid phosphate
Ammonium hydrogen phosphate
Ammonium monohydrogen orthophosphate
Ammonium orthophosphate
Ammonium orthophosphate dibasic
ammonium phosphate
ammonium phosphate dibasic
Ammonium phosphate, dibasic
Ammonium phosphate, secondary
Ammonium Polyphosphate
DAP
DAP 21-53-0
DAP 30%
DAP TG
Di-Ammonium Phosphate
Di-ammonium phosphate
Di-ammonium phosphate 30%
Diammonium acid phosphate
Diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate
Diammonium hydrogen phosphate
diammonium hydrogen phosphate
Diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate
diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate
Diammonium hydrogenphosphate
Diammonium monohydrogen phosphate
Diammonium orthophosphate
Diammonium phosphate
diammonium phosphate
Diammonium Phosphate (DAP)
Diammonium phosphate 18-46 (DAP)
DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE HTG
Dibasic ammonium phosphate
Fosfato biammonico
Hydrogen diammonium phosphate
Phosphoric acid, ammonium salt
Phosphoric acid, ammonium salt (1:2)
Phosphoric acid, diammonium salt
POLIDAP
Secondary ammonium phosphate
Ammonium phosphate fertilizers first became available in the 1960s, and DAP rapidly became the most popular in this class of products.
It’s formulated in a controlled reaction of phosphoric acid with ammonia, where the hot slurry is then cooled, granulated and sieved.
DAP handles and stores well.
The standard nutrient grade of DAP is relatively high, at 18-46-0, so fertilizer products with lower nutrient content may not be labeled DAP.
DAP fertilizer is an excellent source of P and nitrogen (N) for plant nutrition.
It’s highly soluble and thus dissolves quickly in soil to release plant-available phosphate and ammonium.
A notable property of DAP is the alkaline pH that develops around the dissolving granule.
As dissolving DAP granules release ammonium, the seedlings and plant roots nearest the volatile ammonia can be harmed.
This potential damage more commonly occurs when the soil pH is greater than 7, a condition that often exists around the dissolving DAP granule.
To prevent such damage, users should avoid placing high concentrations of DAP near germinating seeds.
The ammonium present in DAP is an excellent N source and will be gradually converted to nitrate by soil bacteria, resulting in a subsequent drop in pH.
Therefore, the rise in soil pH surrounding DAP granules is a temporary effect.
This initial rise in soil pH neighboring DAP can influence the micro-site reactions of phosphate and soil organic matter.
Management practices
Differences in the initial chemical reaction between various commercial P fertilizers in soil become minor over time (within weeks or months) and are minimal as far as plant nutrition is concerned.
Most field comparisons between DAP and monoammonium phosphate (MAP) show only minor or no differences in plant growth and yield due to P source with proper management.
Non-agricultural uses
DAP also acts as a fire retardant. For example, a mixture of DAP and other ingredients can be spread in advance of a fire to prevent a forest from burning.
It then becomes a nutrient source after the danger of fire has passed. DAP is used in various industrial processes, too, such as metal finishing.
And, it’s commonly added to wine to sustain yeast fermentation and to milk to produce cheese cultures.
Diammonium phosphate
DAP is the world's most widely used phosphorus fertilizers that also contains N (18%).
In 2019, the world total DAP consumption in agriculture was approximated at 17.2 mil tonnes.
India is the largest agricultural consumer of DAP in the world.
The leading five countries that account for 92.01% of DAP use include India, United States, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Turkey.
Pakistan's share in agricultural use of urea is around 11.81% (FAO, 2021).
DAP [(NH4)2HPO4] is the world's most commonly used phosphorus fertilizer by growers today.
It is made from two common macronutrients (phosphate and nitrogen at 18N–46P2O5–0K2O content) and it is popular because of its relatively highest concentration of phosphate and nitrogen content coupled with its excellent physical properties.
DAP fertilizer is an excellent source of P and N for plant nutrition.
It is highly soluble (588 g/L at 20°C) and thus dissolves quickly in soil to release plant-available phosphate and ammonium.
A notable property of DAP is the alkaline pH (7.5–8) that develops around the dissolving granule.
As ammonium is released from dissolving DAP granules, volatile ammonia can be harmful to seedlings and plant roots in immediate proximity.
This potential damage is more common when the soil pH is greater than 7, a condition that commonly exists around the dissolving DAP granule.
To prevent the possibility of seedling damage, care should be taken to avoid placing high concentrations of DAP near germinating seeds.
The ammonium present in DAP is an excellent N source and will be gradually converted to nitrate by soil bacteria, resulting in a subsequent drop in pH.
Therefore, the rise in soil pH surrounding DAP granules is a temporary effect.
This initial rise in soil pH neighboring DAP can influence the microsite reactions of phosphate and soil organic matter.
Presently, DAP is the major source of P used in wheat in South Asia; it accounts for nearly 65% of the P used in India.
The other sources of P are SSP, ammonium nitrophosphates (ANP), and compound fertilizers.
The efficiency of a P source varies depending upon proportion of water-soluble P and soil properties such as pH.
In neutral to alkaline soils, materials containing water-soluble P have proved more efficient than materials containing citric acid-soluble or citric acid-insoluble P (Bijay-Singh et al., 1976, Meelu et al., 1982).
Monoammonium phosphate and DAP—the two fully water-soluble P sources—were found to be equally efficient in supplying P to wheat (Rajpar et al., 2006).
On highly calcareous soils of north India, the efficiency of P sources decreased with decreasing water-soluble P content in the fertilizer (Mishra and Mishra, 1992).
In view of high cost of DAP, there is increasing interest in the use of relatively cheaper source of P such as ANP, which can have variable proportion of total P as water soluble.
In a study on a loamy sand soil (pH 7.6), ANP containing 60% or more of total P as water soluble was found to be as efficient as DAP or SSP for increasing wheat yields (Bijay-Singh, Punjab Agricultural University, personal communication).
In general, high water solubility of P will be required for alkaline and calcareous soils than for acid soils.
DAP (Diammonium Phosphate) fertilizer has a composition of 18% N, 46% P2O5 and is a two-nutrient compound fertilizer.
In addition to being used as a source of phosphorus fertilizer, the nitrogen in its content is in the form of ammonium (NH4 +), so it is easily retained in the soil and there is no nitrogen loss by washing from the soil due to excessive rainfall or irrigation.
It plays an important role in root development and energy metabolism especially in the first development period of plants.
It is efficient in terms of solubility and vegetative nutrition and is used as the most preferred underground (base) fertilizer by farmers.
DAP fertilizer, like all base fertilizers, can be used before sowing or with sowing.
It should be applied and mixed into the soil.
Since the phosphorus contained in DAP fertilizer is kept in the soil and cannot move to the depths of the soil, its application after germination does not show its effect.
In the production of DAP , the main reaction is the neutralization of ammonia with phosphoric acid and to a lesser extent with sulfuric acid.
This process takes place in two reaction stages in a very short time.
Commonly known as DAP, Diammonium Phosphate is manufactured by reacting 1 mole of phosphoric acid (produced from mined phosphate rock) with 2 moles of ammonia; the resulting slurry is solidified into a granular form.
Properties:
Water soluble
Varying shades of brown
Advantages:
Provides a source of phosphorus in phosphate form, accompanied by a higher nitrogen content than MAP.
Nitrogen is in ammonium form, which is readily-available for plant uptake.
Higher solubility than MAP
Drawbacks:
Produces a higher localized pH in the soil than MAP, which can hinder seed germination and nutrient uptake under certain soil conditions.
Greater potential for nitrogen loss than MAP when surface-applied
Application methods:
broadcast (surface-applied) or banded (adjacent to the seedbed)
Used most commonly in blends with varying combinations of N, K and micronutrients
Diammonium phosphate [Wiki]
ammonium phosphate [NF]
10LGE70FSU
231-987-8 [EINECS]
7783-28-0 [RN]
Ammonium hydrogen phosphate (2:1:1)
Ammonium hydrogenphosphate
Ammonium phosphate dibasic
Ammonium phosphate, dibasic
Diammonium hydrogen phosphate [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Diammonium hydrogenphosphate
di-Ammonium hydrogenphosphate (sec)
Diammoniumhydrogenphosphat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
dibasicammonium phosphate
Hydrogénophosphate de diammonium [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
MFCD00010891 [MDL number]
(NH4)2HPO4
[7783-28-0]
10124-31-9 [RN]
18-46-0
7722-76-1 [RN]
ACS, 98.0% min
AGN-PC-071DRG
AKOS015902404
Akoustan A
Ammonium biphosphate, Ammonium phosphate dibasic, Diammonium hydrogen phosphate, Fyrex
Ammonium hydrogen orthophosphate
AMMONIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE
Ammonium hydrogen phosphate solution
Ammonium monohydrogen orthophosphate
ammonium monohydrogen phosphate
Ammonium orthophosphate dibasic
Ammonium phosphate (NF)
Ammonium phosphate [USAN] [USAN]
ammonium phosphate, di-
Ammonium phosphate, secondary
Ammoniumhydrogenphosphate
Coaltrol LPA 445
DAP, DAPLG
diamine phosphate
Diammonium acid phosphate
Diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate
di-Ammonium hydrogen phosphate
Diammonium hydrogen phosphate ((NH4)2HPO4)
diammonium hydrogen phosphate; diazanium hydrogen phosphate
Diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate
Diammonium monohydrogen phosphate
Diammonium orthophosphate
di-ammonium phosphate
Diammonium Phosphate Food Grade
Diammonium phosphate solution
DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE|PHOSPHORIC ACID DIAMINE
diammoniumhydrogenphosphate
diazanium and hydron and phosphate
diazanium hydrogen phosphate
diazanium;hydrogen phosphate
Dibasic ammonium phosphate
EINECS 231-987-8
Fyrex
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:63051
Hydrogen diammonium phosphate
I14-19729
K2 (phosphate)
Pelor [Wiki]
Phos-Chek 202A
Phos-Chek 259
phosphoric acid diamine
Phosphoric acid diammonium salt
Phosphoric acid, diammonium salt
UNII:10LGE70FSU
UNII-10LGE70FSU
W0009
磷酸氢二铵 [Chinese]
US9580655B1
United States
Abstract
Flame retardant formulations comprising boric acid and diammonium phosphate are disclosed herein.
Such formulations are in an aqueous form or a powdered form. Methods of generating a flame retardant formulation are also disclosed herein.
Such methods comprise combining boric acid and diammonium phosphate in an aqueous solution, wherein the boric acid and the diammonium phosphate is in a ratio range selected from the group consisting of 1:1 to 99:1 and 1:1 to 1:99; and heating the solution until dissolved; thereby generating a flame retardant formulation, wherein the flame retardant formulation consists essentially of boric acid and diammonium phosphate.
EXAMPLES
Example 1
An aqueous mixture of 40 weight percent boric acid and 40 weight percent diammonium phosphate was heated and mixed until boiling.
When the mixture reacted and developed into a molten state, it was poured off until cool. It was then dried, ground, and sifted through a 420 mesh screen.
The resulting formulation had a pH of about 7.0.
The fire retardant formulation was dried and added to a polyester boat resin that used a methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) hardening system to thermal cure the product.
The two different percentages of the fire retardant formulation tested were 20% and 25%.
The thoroughly mixed resin and fire retardant were poured into a 1.5×3.0 inch mold and dried to a thickness of approximately 0.25 inches.
Once dried and cured it was cut into three test sample pieces. The test sample pieces were sanded to remove the waxy material which formed at the top as it dried.
The fire testing was done using a BernzOmatic® torch held in a support apparatus approximately 0.25 inches away from the test piece.
The burn time was 15 seconds. Weather conditions were 74 degrees Fahrenheit and 70% humidity.
The results are shown in the following Table:
TABLE 1
Breakdown of 20% Testing with Polyester Boat Resin
1st Burn Test 1 min 30 sec
2nd Burn Test 0 min 2 sec
3rd Burn Test 2 min 6 sec
Average 1 min 2 sec
Breakdown of 25% Testing with Polyester Boat Resin
1st Burn Test 0 min 1 sec
2nd Burn Test 1 min 17 sec
3rd Burn Test 0 min 1 sec
Average 0 min 26 sec
Accordingly, the data show that the fire retardant composition is capable of extinguishing fire propagation when mixed with one of the most flammable materials known, polyester boat resin.
Example 2
An aqueous mixture of 3 weight percent boric acid, 14 weight percent diammonium phosphate, 13 weight percent ammonium sulfate, and less than 1 weight percent molybdenum was heated and mixed well before and during boiling until mixture was fully dissolved in solution.
The resulting formulation had a pH of about 7.0 and a specific gravity of about 1.18.
The formulation had a clear liquid appearance and a slight odor.
The fire retardant formulation was then diluted with water by about 2.5 times solution weight.
A piece of cotton duck was saturated completely and drained to an approximate weight gain of about 2.35 times dry material weight.
The dry cotton duck had a weight gain of about 5% once dried.
The cotton duck material made according to the above guidelines was sent to a certified testing lab where it passed the Small Scale Vertical Flammability Test for Treated Cotton Fabric; California Fire Marshal Title 19 1237.1 Small Scale.
Example 3
Step 1: An aqueous mixture of 2 weight percent boric acid, 7 weight percent diammonium phosphate, 7 weight percent ammonium sulfate, 2 weight percent molybdenum, 1 weight percent magnesium carbonate, and 3 weight percent calcium chloride was heated and mixed well before and during boiling until mixture was fully dissolved in solution.
Step 2: An aqueous mixture of 30 weight percent liquid latex and 2 weight percent surfactant was mixed together well and combined with the resulting solution from Step 1.
The resulting formulation from the combination of the solutions from Step 1 and Step 2 has a pH of about 7.0 and a specific gravity of about 1.10.
The flame retardant formulation had a milky white appearance and a slight odor.
The fire retardant formulation made according to the above guidelines was used in straight solution to impregnate a piece of polyurethane cushion foam measuring 4″×6″×2″ thickness.
The foam was impregnated at 6.5 times the weight of the foam and then oven dried.
The dry material weight gain was about 100%.
Once dried and cured, the foam had good resilience and was not hygroscopic.
The foam test sample piece was then fire tested with a propane torch.
The torch was adjusted fully open, reaching temperatures of about 3,500 degrees Fahrenheit and was held directly on or inches away during the testing, trying to burn or ignite the foam for about 5 minutes.
The foam charred but did not burn.
After the char was scraped off, it was revealed that the foam underneath was untouched showing that the foam test sample was fully fire retarded.
Without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention, reasonable features, modifications, advantages, and design variations of the claimed flame retardant formulations and methods will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art by following the guidelines set forth in the preceding detailed description and embodiments.
Diammonium Hydrogen Phosphate (DAP) Market is forecast to reach US$890.3 Million by 2026, after growing at a CAGR of 11% during 2021-2026 due to increasing consumption from various end-use industries such as agriculture, food & beverages, furniture, textile & paper, and others.
Diammonium hydrogen phosphate has a high nutrient content which is required for crop nurture.
DAP fertilizer is ammonium phosphate salt of phosphoric acid which is highly soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol.
Additionally, it dissolves quickly in soil to release ammonium and phosphorus.
Furthermore, DAP is used for fireproofing textile, wood, and papers also used as chemical additives, corrosion inhibitors, and fertilizer for crops.
Thus, to increase crop production the consumption of DAP as fertilizer is increasing.
According to the Organization for Economic Co-operation Development (OECD), in Unites States maize crop production increased by 4.13% to 360,252 thousand million tons in 2020 as compared to 345,962 thousand million tons in 2019.
Therefore, the consumption of diammonium hydrogen phosphate is growing owing to the aforementioned factors.
By Application: Fertilizer, Fire Retardant, Yeast Manufacturing, Water Treatment, Animal Feed, Enzymes Processing, Food Additives, Corrosion Inhibitor, and Others
By End-Use Industry: Food & Beverages, Agriculture, Industrial, Chemical & Laboratory, Metal Fabrication, Textile & Paper, Furniture, Pharmaceutical, and Others
OTHER PRODUCTS OF ATAMAN KIMYA THAT MIGHT BE OF INTEREST:
www.atamankimya.com
Acrylic Acid
Adrenic Acid
AEPN: 2-Aminoethylphosphonic Acid
Alpha-linolenic Acid (ALA)
AMP: Amino-tris-(methylene-phosphonic Acid)
Arachidic Acid
Arachidonic Acid (AA)
ATMP: Amino tris(methylene phosphonic Acid)
Bacterial Hemicellulase
Behenic Acid
Benzoic Acid
Betacaroten 1,10,30
Bosseopentaenoic Acid
Butyric Acid
Cacao
Calcium Formate
Calcium Lactate
Calcium Nitrate
Caproic Acid
Caprylic Acid
Catalpic Acid
CEPA: 2-carboxyethyl phosphonic Acid
Ceroplastic Acid
Cerotic Acid
Citric Acid Anhydrous
Citric Acid Monohydrate
Coffe Cream
Corn Gluten
Cream Dextrose Anhydrous
Dextrose Monohydrate
D Limonene ( Citrus Terpene )
Diethanol Amin
Dihomo-gamma-linolenic Acid (DGLA)
DMMP: Dimethyl methylphosphonate
Docosadienoic Acid
Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA)
Docosapentaenoic Acid
DTPMP: Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic Acid)
EDTMP: Ethylenediamine tetra(methylene phosphonic Acid)
Eicosadienoic Acid
Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA)
Eicosatetraenoic Acid (ETA)
Eicosatrienoic Acid (ETE)Eicosenoic Acid
Erucic Acid
Ethyl Oleate
Ferro Gluconate
Ferro Lactate
Formaldehit
Fungal Alpha Amylase
Fungal Hemicellulase
Fungal Phospholipase
Fungal Xylanase
Gamma-linolenic Acid (GLA)
Geddic Acid
Gelatine
Glucooxidase
Glycerine (Vegetable)
Glycerol Formal
Glycerol Monostearate
Glycine
HDTMP: Hexamethylenediamine tetra(methylene phosphonic Acid)
HEDP: 1-Hydroxy Ethylidene-1,1-Diphosphonic Acid
Henatriacontylic Acid
Heneicosylic Acid
Heptacosylic Acid
Heptadecanoic Acid
Heptanoic Acid
Hexatriacontylic Acid
HPAA: 2-Hydroxyphosphonocarboxylic Acid
Isopropyl Acetate
Itaconic Acid
Jacaric Acid
Jacaric Acid
Juice Concentrate
Lacceroic Acid
Lactic Acid
Lauric Acid
Lecithine
Lignoceric Acid
Linoleic Acid
LipaseLysine
Magnesium Nitrate
Maltodextrine
Mead Acid
Melissic Acid
Menthol
Methionine
Milk Powder
Mono Ammonium Phoshate
Mono Potassium Phosphate
Monoethanol Amin
Monopropylene Glycol
Monosodium Citrate
Monosodium Glutamate
Montanic Acid
Myristic Acid
Naphtalen Sulfonate
Nervonic Acid
Nonacosylic Acid
Nonadecylic Acid
N-propyl Acetate
Oleic Acid
Palmitic Acid
Papain
Para Toluene Sulfonyl Isocyanate
PBTC: Phosphonobutane-tricarboxylic Acid
Pectine
Pentacosylic Acid
Pentadecylic Acid
PGPR
Phenoxy Ethanol
Phosphoric Acid 75%
Phosphoric Acid 85%
Pinolenic Acid
PMIDA: N-(phosphonomethyl)iminodiacetic Acid
Podocarpic Acid
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Ponolaurate
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monooleate
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monopalmitat
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate
Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan tristearate
Potassium Nitrate
Potassium Sorbate
Propionic Acid
Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether
Proteases
Psyllic Acid
Punicic Acid
Rumelenic Acid
Rumenic Acid
Silica
Sodium Ascorbate
Sodium Gluconate
Sodium Lactate
Sodium Lignosulfonate
Sodium Nitrate
Sodium Nitrite
Sodium Persulfate
Sorbitan Ponolaurate
Sorbitan Monooleate
Sorbitan Monopalmitate
Sorbitan Monostearate
Sorbitan Tristearate
Sorbitol %70
Stearic Acid
Stearidonic Acid (SDA)
Tartaric Acid DL
Tartaric Acid L
Tartaric Acid L %3
TDTMP: Tetramethylenediamine tetra(methylene phosphonic Acid)
Tetracosahexaenoic Acid (Nisinic Acid)
Tetracosapentaenoic Acid
TIPA
Triacetine
Tricalcium Citrate
Tricosylic Acid
Tridecylic Acid
Trietanol Amin
Triethyl Citrate
Triisopropanol Amin
Trimagnessium Citrate
Tripotassium Citrate
Triiso Butyl Phosphate ( TIBP )
Trisodium Citrate
Undecylic Acid
Valeric Acid
Vitamin A ( Retinol )
Vitamin B1 ( Thiamine )
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamins)
Vitamin B2 ( Riboflavin )
Vitamin B3 ( Niacin )
Vitamin B5 ( Pantothenic Acid )
Vitamin B6 ( Pyridoxine )
Vitamin B7 ( Biotin )
Vitamin B9 ( Folic Acid )
Vitamin C ( Ascorbic Acid )
Vitamin D ( Calciferol )
Vitamin E ( Tocoferol )
Vitamin K ( Phylloquinone /Phytol naphthoquinone )
α-Calendic Acid
α-Eleostearic Acid
α-Parinaric Acid
β-Calendic Acid
β-Eleostearic Acid
β-Parinaric Acid
