CAS NO :26172-55-4
SYNONYMS:Isothiazolinones (CMIT/MIT); 3(2H)-Isthiazolone,5-chloro-2-methyl; 2-Methyl-3(2H)-Isothiazolone; 5-chloro-2-methyl-3(2h)-isothiazolone; 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-on; 5-chloro-2-methyl-isothiazolylthione-3; methylchloroisothiazoline; 5-Chloro-2-methyl-Isothiazolone Kathon (Isothiazolineone,CIT/MIT,CMIT/MIT)
Kathon (Isothiazolineone,CIT/MIT,CMIT/MIT)
Product Specifications 1. Chemically stable at pH 2.0-4.0 2. Broad spectrum efficacy for bacteria, fungi, and enzyme 3. Low use level, no VOC and odor 4. No APE surfactant 5. Compatible with many surfactants and other ingredients Typical use concentrations are in the range of 0.05-0.2% (w/w) in...
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Description
Product Specifications
1. Chemically stable at pH 2.0-4.0
2. Broad spectrum efficacy for bacteria, fungi, and enzyme
3. Low use level, no VOC and odor
4. No APE surfactant
5. Compatible with many surfactants and other ingredients
Items
Standard
Appearance
Colorless to pale yellow liquid
ISOTHIAZOLINE %
From 1.5 to 14
Density(25 )g/cm3
1.25-1.30
PH(1% water solution)
2.0-4.0
Chlorine scale(A:B)
1:2.6-3.5
Typical use concentrations are in the range of 0.05-0.2% (w/w) in the final products.It should be noticed that a good manufaturing should be applied and equipment, pipes and storage tanks should be sanitized by Biocide DPNPA-20 regulaly.Dosage:
Handling and Storage:
Use of personal protective equipment such as chemical impervious gloves for hands, safety goggles and shields for eyes are
strongly advised. If the product comes in contact with the skin, wash immediately with plenty of water. In case of eye contact,
rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical attention. The product should be stored at room temperature.
It is a cytotoxin that may affect different types of cells. Its use for a wide range of personal products for humans, such as cosmetics, lotions, moisturizers, sanitary wipes, shampoos, and sunscreens, more than doubled during the first decade of the twenty-first century and has been reported as a contact sensitizing agent by the European Commission's Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety.
Industrial applications also are quite wide ranging, from preservative and sanitizing uses to antimicrobial agents, energy production, metalworking fluids, mining, paint manufacturing, and paper manufacturing, many of which increase potential exposure to it by humans as well as organisms, both terrestrial and marine. Industrial applications in marine environments are proving to be toxic to marine life, for instance, when the effect of its now almost-universal use in boat hull paint was examined.[1]
Applications
Methylisothiazolinone and other isothiazolinone-derived biocides are used for controlling microbial growth in water-containing solutions.[2] Two of the most widely used isothiazolinone biocides are 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (chloromethylisothiazolinone or CMIT) and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (methylisothiazolinone or MIT), which are the active ingredients in a 3:1 mixture (CMIT:MIT) sold commercially as Kathon. Kathon is supplied to manufacturers as a concentrated stock solution containing from 10-15% of CMIT/MIT. For applications the recommended use level is from 6 ppm to 75 ppm active isothiazolones. Biocidal applications range from industrial water storage tanks to cooling units, in processes as varied as mining, paper manufacturing, metalworking fluids and energy production.
Kathon also has been used to control slime in the manufacture of paper products that contact food. In addition, this product serves as an antimicrobial agent in latex adhesives and in paper coatings that also contact food.[3]
Other isothiazolinones
One isothiazolinone, Sea-Nine 211 (4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolino-3-one, DCOI), has quickly replaced tributyltin as the antifouling agent of choice in ship hull paint. A recent study reported the presence of DCOI in both port water and sediment samples in Osaka, Japan, especially in weakly circulating mooring areas.[4] Of environmental concern, DCOI levels predicted in marinas now are considered a threat to various marine invertebrate species.[5] Isothiazolinones also are extremely toxic to fish.[1]
In industrial use, the greatest occupational inhalation exposure occurs during open pouring. Non-occupational exposure to isothiazolinones by the general population also occurs, albeit at much lower concentrations.[6] These compounds are present in a very large number of commonly used cosmetics.[7] "Leave-on" cosmetics (hand-creams, lotions, etc.) contain 15 parts per million (100 micromolar) of combined CMIT/MIT.
Human health
MIT is allergenic and cytotoxic, and this has led to some concern over its use.[8][9] A report released by the European Scientific Committee on Cosmetic Products and Non-food Products Intended for Consumers (SCCNFP) in 2003 also concluded that insufficient information was available to allow for an adequate risk assessment analysis of MIT.[10]
Rising reports of consumer impact led to new research, including a report released in 2014 by the European Commission Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety which reported: "The dramatic rise in the rates of reported cases of contact allergy to MI, as detected by diagnostic patch tests, is unprecedented in Europe; there have been repeated warnings about the rise (Gonçalo M, Goossens A. 2013). The increase is primarily caused by increasing consumer exposure to MI from cosmetic products; exposures to MI in household products, paints and in the occupational setting also need to be considered. The delay in re-evaluation of the safety of MI in cosmetic products is of concern to the SCCS; it has adversely affected consumer safety."[11]
"It is unknown what proportion of the general population is now sensitized to MI and has not been confirmed as sensitized."[11] In 2014, the European Commission Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety further issued a voluntary ban on "the mixture of Methylchloroisothiazolinone (and) Methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) from leave-on products such as body creams. The measure is aimed at reducing the risk from and the incidence of skin allergies. The preservative can still be used in rinse-off products such as shampoos and shower gels at a maximum concentration of 0.0015 % of a mixture in the ratio 3:1 of MCI/MI. The measure will apply for products placed on the market after 16 July 2015."[12] Shortly thereafter, Canada moved to adopt similar measures in its Cosmetic Ingredients Hotlist.[13] Additionally, new research into cross reactivity of MI-sensitized patients to variants benzisothiazolinone and octylisothiazolinone have found that reactions may occur if present in sufficient amounts.[14]
Allergic contact dermatitis
Methylisothiazolinone is used commonly in products in conjunction with methylchloroisothiazolinone, a mixture sold under the registered trade name Kathon CG. A common indication of sensitivity to Kathon CG is allergic contact dermatitis. Sensitization to this family of preservatives was observed as early as the late 1980s.[15][16] Due to increased use of isothiazolinone-based preservatives in recent years, an increase in reported incidences of contact allergy to this product has been reported. In 2013 the substance was declared the 2013 Contact Allergen of the Year by the American Contact Dermatitis Society.[17] In 2016 the Dermatitis Academy launched a call to action for patients to report their isothiazolinone allergy to the FDA.[18]
On December 13, 2013 the trade group, Cosmetics Europe,[19] following discussions with the European Society of Contact Dermatitis (ESCD),[20] recommended to its members "that the use of Methylisothiazolinone (MIT) in leave-on skin products including cosmetic wet wipes is discontinued. This action is recommended in the interests of consumer safety in relation to adverse skin reactions. It is recommended that companies do not wait for regulatory intervention under the Cosmetics Regulation but implement this recommendation as soon as feasible."[21]
On March 27, 2014, the European Commission's Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety issued an opinion on the safety of Methylisothiazolinone. This report only considered the issue of contact sensitization. The committee concluded:
"Current clinical data indicate that 100 ppm MI in cosmetic products is not safe for the consumer.
"For leave-on cosmetic products (including ‘wet wipes'), no safe concentrations of MI for induction of contact allergy or elicitation have been adequately demonstrated.
"For rinse-off cosmetic products, a concentration of 15 ppm (0.0015%) MI is considered safe for the consumer from the view of induction of contact allergy. However, no information is available on elicitation."[22]
Ingredient in mouthwash
Although many companies that had begun using the biocide in personal care products, such as Kimberly-Clark, Johnson & Johnson, and Unilever are removing methylisothiazolinone from their lotions and wipes, Colgate-Palmolive has added it as an ingredient in a mouthwash put onto the market in August 2014 with the name Colgate Total Lasting White.[23] The New York Times reported that some companies are even considering removing the biocide from products that are routinely rinsed off shortly after application.
Isothiazolinones (CMIT/MIT)
CAS No. 26172-55-4, 2682-20-4 Molecular weight: 115.16
Structural Formula:
Isothiazolinones (CMIT/MIT)
2-methyl-4-thiazoline-3-ketone 5-chloro- methyl-4-thiazoline-3-ketone
Properties:
Isothiazolinones (CMIT/MIT) is composed of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-thiazoline-3-ketone (CMI) and 2-methyl-4-thiazoline-3-ketone (MI). The bactericidal effect of Isothiazolinones (CMIT/MIT) is carried out through breaking the bond between bacteria and algae protein. When contacted with microbes, Isothiazolinones (CMIT/MIT) can quickly inhibit their growth, thus leading to death of these microbes. Isothiazolinones (CMIT/MIT) has strong inhibition and biocidal effects on ordinary bacteria, fungi and alga, and has many advantages such as high biocidal efficiency, good degradation, no residual, safety in operation, good compatibleness, good stabilization, low cost in operation.
Isothiazolinones (CMIT/MIT) can mix with chlorine and most cation, anion, and non-ionic surfactants. When used at high dosage, its biosludge stripping effect is excellent.
Isothiazolinones (CMIT/MIT) is a kind of fungicidal with properties of broad spectrum, high efficiency, low toxicity and non-oxidative, it is the ideal biocidal in industrial circulating cool water system and in wastewater treatment in oilfield, papermaking, pesticide, cutting oil, leather, detergent and cosmetics etc..
Specification:
Notes: 2%, 4% and 8% or any concentration can be supplied on demands.
Items Index
Grade I Grade II
Appearance Amber transparent liquid Light yellow or light green transparent liquid
Active content % 14.0-15.0 2.0 min
pH (as it) 2.0-4.0 2.0-5.0
Density (20?)g/cm3 1.24-1.32 1.03 min
CMI/MI (wt %) 2.5-3.4 2.5-3.4
Usage:
When used as sludge stripper for grade II, the dosage of 150-300mg/L is preferred, when used as boicide, the dosage of 80-100mg/L is preferred, and charges every 3-7 days. No used together with oxidative fungicidal such as chlorine, and no used in cooling water system containing sulfur. When used together with quaternary amine, the effect will be better. When used as industrial fungicide, the dosage of 0.05-0.4% is preferred.
Package and Storage:
200L plastic drum, IBC(1000L), customers' requirement. Storage for ten months in shady room and dry place.
Safety Protection:
Corrosive, Avoid contact with eye and skin, Wear splash resistant safety goggles and rubber glores.once contacted, flush with water.
Synonyms:
Product Information
Chemical Name Isothiazolinone
CAS # 26172-55-4
Formula C4H4ClNOS
Molecular Weight 149.6
Synonyms Kathon,CMIT/MIT
Chemical Structure
Description
Isothiazolinone CMIT/MIT is composed of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-thiazoline-3-ketone (CMI) and
2-methyl-4-thiazoline-3-ketone (MI). The bactericidal effect of Isothiazolinones (CMIT/MIT) is carried out
through breaking the bond between bacteria and algae protein. When contacted with microbes,Isothiazolinones (CMIT/MIT) can quickly inhibit their growth, thus leading to
death of these microbes.Isothiazolinones (CMIT/MIT) has strong inhibition and biocidal effects on ordinary
bacteria, fungi and alga, and has many advantages such as high biocidal efficiency, good degradation, no
residual, safety in operation, good compatibleness, good stabilization, low cost in operation. Specification
Item Specifiction
Appearance Amber transparent liquid Light yellow or light green transparent liquid
Active content % 14.0-15.0 1.5-1.8
pH (as it) 2.0-4.0 2.0-5.0
Density (20?)g/cm3 1.26-1.32 1.02-1.05
CMI/MI (wt %) 2.5-3.4 2.5-3.4
- 2 -
Applications
When used as sludge stripper for grade II, the dosage of 150-300mg/L is preferred, when used as boicide,
the dosage of 80-100mg/L is preferred, and charges every 3-7 days. No used together with oxidative
fungicidal such as chlorine, and no used in cooling water system containing sulfur. When used together
with quaternary amine, the effect will be better. When used as industrial fungicide, the dosage of 0.05-0.4%
is preferred. Packaging
200L drum or 1000 L IBC drum
Storage & Handling
Do not store in direct sunlight. Store in a tightly closed container. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. Wash thoroughly after handling. Use with adequate ventilation. Minimize dust generation and accumulation. Avoid breathing dust, vapor, mist, or gas. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Keep container tightly closed. Avoid ingestion and inhalation. Always refer to the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for detailed information on handling and
disposal. The information above is believed to be accurate and represents the best information currently available to us. However, we
make no warranty of merchant ability or any other warranty, express or implied, with respect to such information, and we
assume no liability resulting from its use. Users should make their own investigations to determine the suitability of the
information for their particular purposes. In no event shall we be liable for any claims, losses, or damages of any third party
or for lost profits or any special, indirect, incidental, consequential or exemplary damages, howsoever arising, even if we
has been advised of the possibility
The IsocilTM 14 and IsocilTM 1.5 products are a blend of Isothiazolinones and are composed of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-thiazoline-3-ketone (CMIT) and 2-methyl-4-thiazoline-3-ketone (MIT).
The bactericidal effect of Isothiazolinones is carried out through breaking the bond between the bacteria and algae protein. The products can be used in many industrial applications to inhibit microbes' growth, and they have inhibition and biocidal effects on ordinary bacteria, fungi and algae.
Broad spectrum
Favorable degradation
Favorable compatibleness and stabilization with a large range of corrosion and scale inhibitors
Non-foaming
Cost effective and easy formulation
Product packaging sizes: available in drums or IBC's
These biocidal products can be used in industrial circulating cooling water systems.
Other use areas include:
Oil field water
Papermaking
Leather treatment
Cutting oils
Pesticide market
Detergent & cosmetics industries
Isocil ultra 1.5
IsocilTM Ultra 14 & IsocilTM Ultra 1.5
Similar in nature to the IsocilTM 14 and IsocilTM 1.5 products, the IsocilTM Ultra 14 and IsocilTM Ultra 15 products differ in that these are a stabilized blend of Isothiazolinones. They are composed of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-thiazoline-3-ketone (CMIT) and 2-methyl-4-thiazoline-3-ketone (MIT).
The bactericidal effect of Isothiazolinones is carried out through breaking the bond between the bacteria and algae protein. They can be used in many industrial applications to inhibit microbes' growth and have strong inhibition and biocidal effects on ordinary bacteria, fungi and algae.
Monovalent sodium salt stable system
Broad spectrum
Favorable degradation
Favorable compatibleness and stabilization with a large range of corrosion and scale inhibitors
Non-foaming
Cost effective and easy formulation
Product packaging sizes: available in drums or IBC's
Like the IsocilTM 14 & IsocilTM 1.5products, these biocidal products can be used in industrial circulating cooling water systems.
Other use areas include:
Oil field water
Papermaking
Leather treatment
Cutting oils
Pesticide market
Detergent & cosmetics industries
CMIT/MIT 14
Chemical Name: Chloromethylisothiazolinone/ Methylisothiazolinone
For short named: CMIT/MIT
CAS No.: 26172-55-4/ 2682-20-4/ 55965-84-9
General:
CMIT/MIT-14 microbicide is formulation for latex emulsions developed following consultations with key customers in this market. Free of divalent salt. It is formulated specifically to meet the changing needs and pressures facing latex emulsion manufacturers.
The active ingredients of CMIT/MIT 14 are identified using the IUPAC nomenclature as 5-Chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-Methl-4-isothiazolin-3-one.
The performance is similar to KATHON LX 1400.
Specifications
These properties are typical but do not constiture speifications.
No.
Item
Description
1
Appearance
Yellow or yellow-green transparent liquid
2
Content of Active Substance (%)
?14.0
3
Rate of Chlorine
2.5 to 3.5
4
pH value
2.0 to 4.0
5
Density (g/ml)
1.27 to 1.33
COA Download: Here
MSDS Download: Here
Application field
The compliant lotion, building materials, electric power metallurgy, oil field chemical engineering, leather, paint coating and spinning prints to dye, the day turn, the antisepsis of cosmetics, deckle, the water transaction etc. realm.
Performance characteristics
1. As a broad-spectrum, long-lasting bactericide to kill many bacteria, fungi and yeasts, the using amount is small.
2. Suitable for use in the medium of the pH value in the range of 2 to 9; free of divalent salt, cross-link no emulsion.
3. Miscible with water; can be added in any production step; easy to use.
4. It has a low toxicity and an appropriate concentration of using, which will lead to no harm completely.
Usage and Cautions
1. In water treatment applications, dilute it into a 1.5% aqueous solution first. Add the solution at a quantity of 80 to 100 ppm for one or two times each week depending on the multiplication of microorganisms like bacteria and algae.
2. Avoid direct eyes' contact with it for a long period. Once the contact happens, rinse eyes with water without delay. No long-term contact with the skin is allowed.
3. Any contact with reducible metals is forbidden during storage, for example, iron and aluminum, so as to avoid decomposition.
4. Not suitable for use in the alkaline medium of pH> 9.0 due to its poor stability. Any combination of this chemical with highly nucleophilic chemicals, like S2- and R-NH2, will lead to declined quality or even complete failure of the product.
Packaging
25 kg/drum,17mt/20GP;
250 kg/drum, 20mt/20GP;
1250kg per IBC drum.22.5mt/20GP;
Storage and Transportation
To be stored at room temperature in a dark place; with a shelf time of one year.
Isothiazolinones
1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-One(BIT)
2-Methyl-4-Isothiazolin-3One(MIT)
2-N-Octyl-4-Isothiazolin-3-One(OIT)
Isothiazolinone(cmit mit)
Sterilization principle of Isothiazolinones
Isothiazolinone is mainly composed of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazoline-3-ketone(CMIT) and 2-methyl-4-isothiazoline-3-ketone(MIT). Isothiazolinone kills bacteria by breaking the bonds of bacteria and algae proteins. Isothiazolinone can rapid irreversibly inhibit microorganisms growth after contact with them. That reaction results in the death of microorganisms cells. For this reason, isothiazolinone has strong inhibition and sterilization effect on common fungus and algae.
Methyl Isothiazolinone(MIT)
Methyl Isothiazolinone(MIT) usages
Methyl Isothiazolinone (MIT) is a high effective biocide and heat-resisting water-based preservatives. Methyl Isothiazolinone has good effect on inhibiting growth of mold, bacteria and fungus. It also can be directly put in personal care products, cosmetics, coatings, pulp and other fields.
Methyl isothiazolinone is used as preservative in some cleaning products, including some green cleaning products. Such as detergent, cleansing cream, universal quick cleanser, glass cleaner, floor cleaner, countertop panel spray Detergents, linen detergents, room sprays, air fresheners, carpet cleaners and wet wipes. Beyond that, it is important to note that Methyl Isothiazolinone is often used in combination with another synthetic preservative, benzisothiazolinone(BIT)
Isothiazolinones (CMIT/MIT);3(2H)-Isthiazolone,5-chloro-2-methyl;2-Methyl-3(2H)-Isothiazolone
Chloromethyl-methylisothiazolone (CMIT/MIT) is a broad spectrum biocide which has been used successfully for microbial control and preventing biofouling in industrial water treatment. This paper presents a review of the various reports over the past 20 years on the efficacy of CMIT/MIT biocide versus Legionella bacteria and the protozoa associated with their growth. These studies included a wide range of conditions, including single organisms in cooling water and complex model systems with bacteria, biofilms, and protozoa. Overall, low levels of CMIT/MIT (1-10 ppm active) provided significant reduction in viable counts of various strains and species of Legionella bacteria in planktonic and biofilm studies and also against the amoebae and ciliated protozoa associated with their growth
CAS No. 26172-55-4, 2682-20-4 EINECS No. 247-500-7
UN Number: 1760 RIDADR : UN 1760 8/PG 2
Molecular weight: 115.16
Structural Formula:
Properties:
CMIT/MIT is composed of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-thiazoline-3-ketone (CMI) and 2-methyl-4-thiazoline-3-ketone (MI). The bactericidal effect of CMIT/MIT is carried out through breaking the bond between bacteria and algae protein. When contacted with microbes, CMIT/MIT can quickly inhibit their growth, then leading to death of these microbes.
CMIT/MIT is a kind of broad spectrum, high efficiency, low toxicity, non-oxidative biocide.
CMIT/MIT has strong inhibition and biocidal effects on ordinary bacteria, fungi and alga. It has many advantages such as high-efficiency, good degradation, no residual, safety in operation, great compatibleness, good stabilization, low cost and so on. It can mix with chlorine and most cation, anion, and non-ionic surfactants. When used at high dosage, its effect on biosludge stripping is excellent.
Specification:
Notes: 2%, 4% and 8% or any concentration can be supplied on demands.
Items
Index
Grade I
Grade II
Appearance
Amber transparent liquid
Light yellow or light green transparent liquid
Active content %
14.0-15.0
1.5-1.8
pH (as it)
2.0-4.0
2.0-5.0
Density (20?)g/cm3
1.26-1.32
1.02-1.05
CMI/MI (wt %)
2.5-3.4
2.5-3.4
Usage:
CMIT/MIT is the ideal biocidal in industrial circulating cool water system and in wastewater treatment in oilfield, papermaking, pesticide, cutting oil, leather, detergent and cosmetics etc.
When used as sludge stripper for grade II, the dosage of 150-300mg/L is preferred, when used as boicide, the dosage of 80-100mg/L is preferred, and charges every 3-7 days. No used together with oxidative fungicidal such as chlorine, and no used in cooling water system containing sulfur.
When used together with quaternary amine, the effect will be better. When used as industrial fungicide, the dosage of 0.05-0.4% is preferred.
Package and Storage:
Liquid: Normally in 200L HDPE drum, 1000L IBC, or customers' requirement.
Storage for ten months in shady room and dry place.
Package
Safety Protection:
Corrosive, Avoid contact with eye and skin, Wear splash resistant safety goggles and rubber glores.once contacted, flush with water.
Synonyms:
Isothiazolinones (CMIT/MIT);
3(2H)-Isthiazolone,5-chloro-2-methyl;
2-Methyl-3(2H)-Isothiazolone;
5-chloro-2-methyl-3(2h)-isothiazolone;
5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-on;
5-chloro-2-methyl-isothiazolylthione-3;
kathoncg5243; methylchloroisothiazoline;
5-Chloro-2-methyl-Isothiazolone;
Biocide and Algicide
CMIT/MIT
Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Synonym: 5-chloro-2-methyl-2h-isothiazolin-3-one/2-methyl-2h-isothiazol-3-one
SDS
SKU-Pack Size Availability Price (EUR)
PHR1597-1ML
Available to ship on 16.08.19 - FROM
67.40
To order products, please contact your local dealer. Click here
Product Recommendations
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Properties
Related Categories A-C, A-H, Additional Standards, Analytical Standards, Analytical/Chromatography,
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grade certified reference material
pharmaceutical secondary standard
packaging ampule of 1 mL
Featured Industry Pharmaceutical (small molecule)
format neat
Description
Analysis Note
This product was designed, produced and verified for accuracy and stability in accordance with ISO/IEC 17025:2005 (AClass Cert AT-1467), ISO GUIDES 34:2009 (AClass Cert AR-1470).
General description
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.
Other Notes
These secondary standards offer multi-traceability to the USP, EP and BP primary standards, where they are available.
Footnote
To see an example of a Certificate of Analysis for this material enter LRAB7781 in the slot below. This is an example certificate only and may not be the lot that you receive.
Safety Information
Symbol GHS08 GHS08 Signal word Danger Hazard statements H315-H317-H319-H334-H412 Precautionary statements P261-P280-P284-P304 + P340-P305 + P351 + P338-P342 + P311 RIDADR NONH for all modes of transport WGK Germany 3 RTECS NX8157050
BSTRACT
Chloromethyl-methylisothiazolone (CMIT/MIT) is a broad spectrum biocide which has been used successfully for microbial control and preventing biofouling in industrial water treatment. This paper presents a review of the various reports over the past 20 years on the efficacy of CMIT/MIT biocide versus Legionella bacteria and the protozoa associated with their growth. These studies included a wide range of conditions, including single organisms in cooling water and complex model systems with bacteria, biofilms, and protozoa. Overall, low levels of CMIT/MIT (1-10 ppm active) provided significant reduction in viable counts of various strains and species of Legionella bacteria in planktonic and biofilm studies and also against the amoebae and ciliated protozoa associated with their growth.
INTRODUCTION
Bacteria which belong to the genus Legionella, are found in a range of aquatic environments, including tap water, cooling water and air conditioning systems, and are the causative agent of Legionellosis (Legionnaires' disease). 1,2,3 The organisms were first identified following an outbreak at the 1976 American Legion Convention in Philadelphia, PA and have been the subject of numerous biocide efficacy studies. 4 The type species and most frequently recognized member of the genus is Legionella pneumophila. Specific procedures using halogens to eradicate cooling towers containing high levels of Legionella are provided by ASHRAE (American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air conditioning Engineers), AWT (Association of Water Technologies), and CTI (Cooling Technology Institute). 1,2,3
This paper will provide a review of the factors involved in the growth and survival of Legionella bacteria in cooling water systems, their association with protozoa and biofilms, and the efficacy of isothiazolone biocide against these organisms.
ISOTHIAZOLONE BIOCIDES IN WATER TREATMENT
Isothiazolone biocides are widely used for microbial control in industrial water treatment. 5 The most frequently used product is a 3:1 ratio of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMIT) and 2-methyl- 4-isothiazolin-3-one (MIT) at a final concentration of 1.5% total active ingredient. (1) CMIT/MIT has broad spectrum efficacy versus bacteria, algae, and fungi. The chemical structures of CMIT/MIT are shown in Figure 1. All biocide concentrations in this paper are reported on an active ingredient basis. The CMIT/MIT biocide described in this paper is manufactured by Rohm and Haas Company.
(available in full paper)
SUMMARY OF LEGIONNAIRES' DISEASE
Legionnaires' disease produces a flu-like lung infection (pneumonia) caused by a bacterium named Legionella pneumophila. To date, over 48 species of Legionella have been identified and >90% of the cases are linked to the species Legionella pneumophila. Approximately 5-15% of known Legionnaires' disease cases have been fatal, mostly in the elderly, sick, or individuals with suppressed immune systems. The route of exposure is considered to be by inhalation of aerosols (from sources such as cooling towers and showers), but recent studies have shown that building (potable) water distribution systems are considered as primary sources and that the route of infection is via "aspiration" of this water from the mouth into the lungs (not via aerosols directly) . Thus, the researchers at the University of Pittsburg Veterans Administration (VA) Hospital proposed that cooling towers are not considered the primary source for Legionella bacteria; potable water is.,
CMIT/MIT 14%
Raw material Name: 5-CHLORO-2-METHYL-4-ISOTHIAZOLIN-3-ONE
Common Name: Kathon 886 (Kathon is a registered trade mark of Rohm & Hass
Chemical Name: 5-Chloro-2-Methyl-4-Isothiazole-3-One
CAS NO.: 26172-55-4/2682-20-4
Molecular Formula: C4H4ClNOS/C4H5NOS
Molecular weight: 149.59/115.14
Structural formula:
Physical Form: Colorless to Amber liquid
Attribute Specification:
1. pH: 1.0 - 4.0
2. % Actives: 13.9 - 14.5
Attribute Specification:
3. Appearance: Colorless to Amber Liquid
4. Specific Gravity @ 77F: 1.260 - 1.300
5. Magnesium (%): 4.2 - 5.5
6. 5-Chloro-2-Methyl-4-Isothiazoline-one: 10.1 - 11.3
7. 2-Methyl-4-Isothiazoline-3-one: 3.0 - 4.1
Typical Properties :
8. Stabilizer: Not Shown
APPLICATIONS: It is a liquid biocide, biodegradable, water-soluble and of low toxicity. It can be used to control the growth of bacteria, fungi and algae in industrial water treatment, paper mill, leather, coatings and household products.
Description:
kathon cg is consist of 5-Choro-2methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one(MI).By means of breaking the bonds of bacterium and Algal protein, kill the microorganisms.Once contact with microorganisms,can inhibit their growth of them rapidly and irreversibly, thereby results the death of microbial cell,With the function of inhibiting and killing towards Fungus, bacteria,yeast,algae.No residual, operation safety, good compatibility, strong stability,low usage cost.can be mixed with chlorine and anion and cation.Under high dose, it effects obviously towards biological slime stripping.
Item No.
3Q-601(CIT/MIT-14)
Chemical Name
Kathon Biocide
CAS No.
55965-84-9
Molecular formula
C8H9ClN2O2S2
Molecular weight
264.7523
Boiling Point
200.2°C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point
74.9°C
Vapor Pressure
0.328mmHg at 25°C
Characteristics:
Index
Standard value
Test Method
Appearance
Light yellow transparent liquid
Visual
Content of Active Substance (%)
?14.0
HG/T 3657-2008
PH value (Stoste@25?)
PH?
2.0-5.0
HG/T 3657-2008
Density (@20? g/cm3)
1.1+/-0.1
HG/T 3657-2008
CMI/MIT %
2.5-3.4
HG/T 3657-2008
Application:
Broad-spectrum sterilization, high efficient,low toxicity,good degradability, Non oxidizing biocide.Widely used in oil field, paper making, pesticide,leather, ink,cosmetics, paints, water-based polymer, metal cutting fluids, adhesives, dyes, and paraffin liquid industry.Used for Industry disinfection and anti corrosion,coating anti corrosion,daily chemicals anti corrosion.can also be used as the water treatment applications in the industries of petrochemicals, electricity, central air conditioning and industrial cooling water for the sterilization and algae removal purposes.
Dosage:
After formulated,according to the actual conditions, directly blend into the industry cycled water,using dosage see to seasons,environment,water source,
Generally add the product 80-200ppm, one time rush and blend,also will be affected by the different infection degree of microorganism.
Recommended dosage:
1?Meal cutting working fluid: 50-100ppm
2?Comprehensive cleaning and disinfection: 50-100ppm
3?Industry cleaning agent: 50-100ppm(Final Diluent)
Processing method: blend with working solution directly.
Notice for Safety performance:
Strong Irritating to the skin, pay attention to safety protection.wear protective clothing ,rubber glove, eyeshade and mask. Avoid touch skin, eyes and mucous membrane directly. Use one week,will decomposed into Nontoxic CO2 and another substances, no pollution to environment.
Packing & storage:
25KG or 200KG Plastic barrel,IBC(1,000KGS) To be stored in a dark place and avoid sunshine.
Temperature under 40?.During the storage, keep the products from Reducing metal (such as Metal, aluminum Etc) and oxidant and reducer.
Storage period: 12 Months.
Isothiazolinones CMIT/MIT description, its application areas and related patterns
Isothiazolinones CMIT/MIT market situation
Isothiazolinones CMIT/MIT manufacturers and distributors
Isothiazolinones CMIT/MIT prices (by region and provided by market players)
isothiazolinones CMIT/MIT end-uses breakdown
Isothiazolinones CMIT/MIT downstream industries trends
Key Topics Covered:
1. ISOTHIAZOLINONES CMIT/MIT GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1. General information, synonyms
1.2. Composition, chemical structure
1.3. Safety information
1.4. Hazards identification
1.5. Handling and storage
1.6. Transport information
2. ISOTHIAZOLINONES CMIT/MIT APPLICATION
3. ISOTHIAZOLINONES CMIT/MIT PATENTS
4. ISOTHIAZOLINONES CMIT/MIT MARKET WORLDWIDE
4.1. General isothiazolinones CMIT/MIT market situation, trends
4.2. Manufacturers of isothiazolinones CMIT/MIT
Europe
Asia
North America
4.3. Suppliers of isothiazolinones CMIT/MIT
Europe
Asia
North America
4.4. Isothiazolinones CMIT/MIT market forecast
5. ISOTHIAZOLINONES CMIT/MIT MARKET PRICES
Europe
Asia
North America
6. ISOTHIAZOLINONES CMIT/MIT END-USE SECTOR
Chemical Name: CMIT-MIT
Other name: Isothiazolinones
CAS No.: 26172-55-4
Molecular Fomula: C4H4ClNOS
Chemical Structure:image.png
Molecular weight: 149.6
Appearance: Slight yellow liquid
Assay: 14%
CMIT-MIT Typical Properties
Items
Specifications
Appearance
Slight yellow liquid
Total actives Contents
14.0-15.0%
Chlorine
3 - 5%
PH Value
1.0-4.0
Specific gravity/25C
1.26-1.32
CMIT-MIT Usage
1. It is used as a bactericidal preservative for the treatment of industrial circulating water. It can effectively kill algae, bacteria and fungi.
2. The active single agent can be widely used in industrial cooling water, return water of oil field, paper making, rubber, cosmetics, photographic film and washing products.
3. Used as an invertase inhibitor for angiotensin and a prodrug for hypertension
CMIT-MIT Packaging and Shipping
Packing: 250kg/drum
Belonging to 8th Class dangerous goods, UN 1760 8/PG 2
CMIT-MIT Storage
Stored in a cool dry place away from direct sunlight and water
The 5-chloro-2-methyl-2h-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-methyl-2h-isothiazol-3-one (CMIT/MIT) are widespread biocides that commonly found in variety of water-soluble consumer products including dentifrice, germicide and shampoo etc. Recently, in Korea, it has been reported that general population was exposed to humidifier sterilizer with CMIT/MIT as disinfectant components, and eventually more than 530 victims had been suffered severe lung disease since they had used. Although it is known to be a certain risk factor threatening public health, it is unknown to be associated with pathological cellular- and molecular-mechanisms. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the cytotoxic effect of CMIT/MIT in mouse alveolar type II epithelial cells, MLE-12 cells.
Methods
MLE-12 cells were treated with CMIT/MIT (0-50 µM) for 24 hours.
Results
In MTT assay, cellular proliferation was significantly decreased in response to CMIT/MIT treatment. In western blot analysis, protein levels of BAX/Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 were significantly increased. Moreover, cell cycle-related gene were also increased. In ELISA, CMIT/MIT increased the release of pro-inflammatory cytokine of TNF-? and IL-1ß. Moreover, CMIT/MIT increased the phosphorylated-ERK1/2, phosphorylated-p38, and phosphorylated-JNK1/2 protein levels in MLE-12 cells.
Conclusion
These findings suggest that CMIT/MIT exposure induce the injury of alveolar epithelial cells with inflammatory response via the p38-JNK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
sothiazolinones (CMIT/MIT)
CAS No. 26172-55-4, 2682-20-4 Molecular weight: 115.16
Structural Formula:
2-methyl-4-thiazoline-3-ketone 5-chloro- methyl-4-thiazoline-3-ketone
Properties:
Isothiazolinones (CMIT/MIT) is composed of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-thiazoline-3-ketone (CMI) and 2-methyl-4-thiazoline-3-ketone (MI). The bactericidal effect of Isothiazolinones (CMIT/MIT) is carried out through breaking the bond between bacteria and algae protein. When contacted with microbes,Isothiazolinones (CMIT/MIT) can quickly inhibit their growth, thus leading to death of these microbes. Isothiazolinones (CMIT/MIT) has strong inhibition and biocidal effects on ordinary bacteria, fungi and alga, and has many advantages such as high biocidal efficiency, good degradation, no residual, safety in operation, good compatibleness, good stabilization, low cost in operation.
Isothiazolinones (CMIT/MIT) can mix with chlorine and most cation, anion, and non-ionic surfactants. When used at high dosage, its biosludge stripping effect is excellent.
Isothiazolinones (CMIT/MIT) is a kind of fungicidal with properties of broad spectrum, high efficiency, low toxicity and non-oxidative, it is the ideal biocidal in industrial circulating cool water system and in wastewater treatment in oilfield, papermaking, pesticide, cutting oil, leather, detergent and cosmetics etc..
Specification:
Notes: 2%, 4% and 8% or any concentration can be supplied on demands.
Items Index
Grade I Grade II
Appearance Amber transparent liquid Light yellow or light green transparent liquid
Active content % 14.0-15.0 1.5-1.8
pH (as it) 2.0-4.0 2.0-5.0
Density (20?)g/cm3 1.26-1.32 1.1.05
CMI/MI (wt %) 2.5-3.4 2.5-3.4
Usage:
When used as sludge stripper for grade II, the dosage of 150-300mg/L is preferred, when used as boicide, the dosage of 80-100mg/L is preferred, and charges every 3-7 days. No used together with oxidative fungicidal such as chlorine, and no used in cooling water system containing sulfur. When used together with quaternary amine, the effect will be better. When used as industrial fungicide, the dosage of 0.0.4% is preferred.
Package and Storage:
200L plastic drum, IBC(1000L), customers' requirement. Storage for ten months in shady room and dry place.
Safety Protection:
Corrosive, Avoid contact with eye and skin, Wear splash resistant safety goggles and rubber glores.once contacted, flush with water.
Analysis of isothiazolinone biocides in cosmetic products and detergents by HPLC
H. R. Wollseifen, T. Kretschmer, H. Riering,
MACHEREY-NAGEL GmbH & Co. KG, Düren, Germany
Contact hwollseifen@mn-net.com
INTRODUCTION
Despite their sensitizing effect isothiazolinone biocides are used in several cosmetics and cleaning products as antimicrobial agents. The most important isothiazolinone biocides are methylisothiazolinone (MIT),
chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT), benzisothiazolinone (BIT), octylisothiazolinone (OIT), dichlorooctylisothiazolinone (DCOIT), and butylbenzisothiazolinone (BBIT). The use of these heterocyclic compounds
is restricted by law [1, 2, 3]. If manufacturers use these preservatives, these substances must be declared
on the packaging.
Due to very different polarities of these substances sample preparation and chromatographic separation
are often not suitable for all target compounds. In the first part of this work we present a methodology for
sample preparation of isothiazolinone analysis which includes a solid phase extraction (SPE) method for
cosmetics and cleaning products. The second part of this work points out the chromatographic conditions
on core-shell columns with pentafluorophenylpropyl (PFP) modification with UV and MS detection and illustrates limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ).
Methylisothiazolinone (MIT) Benzisothiazolinone (BIT) Octylisothiazolinone (OIT)
O
N
S
CH3
O
N
S
H
O
N
S CH3
Chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT) Butylbenzisothiazolinone (BBIT) Dichlorooctylisothiazolinone (DCOIT)
O
N
S
CH3
Cl
O
N
S CH3
O
N
S
Cl
Cl CH3
SAMPLE PREPARATION
Pre-extraction procedure
Dilute 5 g of sample in at least 50 mL water
Stir 10 min at room temperature
Add 0.5 mL formic acid
Fill up to 100 mL with water in a volumetric flask
Centrifuge 10 min at 6000 rpm at ambient temperature
Take the supernatant for the SPE
Solid phase extraction method for hair gel and dish soap
developed on CHROMABOND® HR-X polypropylene columns (3 mL, 200 mg, 85 μm)
→
Conditioning
3 mL methanol
3 mL water + 0.1 % formic acid
→
Sample application
1.0-5.0 mL sample solution with hydrostatic flow
Washing
3 mL water + 0.1 % formic acid, drying with air using a syringe
Elution
1 mL methanol
4 mL acetonitrile
Solvent changing
0.5 mL water as keeper
reduce volume to 0.6 mL under N2 flow
fill up to 1.0 mL with water + 0.1 % formic acid
CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD
Column: NUCLEOSHELL® PFP
pentafluorophenylpropyl modification, multi-endcapping, particle size 2.7 μm, 100 x 2 mm ID
Temperature: 30 °C
Injection: 10 μL
Flow rate: 0.27 mL/min
Eluent: A) water + 0.1 % formic acid; B) methanol; 5-95 % B in 3.6 min (1 min), 95-5 % B in 0.4 min (5 min)
UV detection: 260 nm, 275 nm, 315 nm (1 μg/mL for each compound)
MS/MS detection: API 3200 AB SCIEX
Ion source: Turbo Spray (ESI)
Scan type: MRM
Polarity: positive
Curtain gas: 10.00 psig
Ion spray voltage: 3000 V
Temperature: 550 °C
Gas 1 (nebulizer): 40 psig
Gas 2 (turbo gas): 40 psig
CAD gas: 8 psig
Analyte Quantitative transition (m/z) Qualitative transition (m/z)
MIT 115.5/98.1 115.5/69.3
CMIT 151.3/87.0 151.3/134.0
BIT 151.4/107.4 151.4/132.0
BBIT 207.3/149.5 207.3/131.8
OIT 213.4/100.5 213.4/56.0
DCOIT 281.2/168.0 281.2/42.3
RESULTS
SPE recoveries determined for standard solutions
0 %
25 %
50 %
75 %
100 %
MIT CMIT BIT BBIT OIT DCOIT
The recovery of all analytes is about 80 % or
more. However, significant losses can occur at
the exchange of the solvent if no keeper is used.
In particular, the losses are greatest for the volatile analytes, MIT and CMIT.
Mass spectrometry and UV detection results
0.0E+00
1.0E+05
2.0E+05
3.0E+05
4.0E+05
Intensity (cps)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 min
MIT Q3 (115.5/98.1)
CMIT Q3 (151.3/87.0)
BIT Q3 (151.4/107.4)
BBIT Q3 (207.3/149.5)
OIT Q3 (213.4/100.5)
DCOIT Q3 (281.2/168.0)
0,0E+00
1,0E+03
2,0E+03
3,0E+03
0 2 4 6 8 10 min
UV VIS mAU
1 4
MIT
BIT
OIT
DCOIT
CBIT
CMIT
7 min
UV VIS 260 nm
UV VIS 275 nm
UV VIS 315 nm
Mass spectrometry detection in SPE eluates
Hair gel without isothiazolinones
0.0E+00
5.0E+02
1.0E+03
1.5E+03
2.0E+03
Intensity (cps)
0 1 2 3 4 5 min
MIT Q3 (115.5/98.1)
CMIT Q3 (151.3/87.0)
Dish soap without isothiazolinones
0.0E+00
2.0E+03
Intensity (cps)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 min
MIT Q3 (115.5/98.1)
CMIT Q3 (151.3/87.0)
BIT Q3 (151.4/107.4)
BBIT Q3 (207.3/149.5)
Hair gel spiked with isothiazolinones (0.1 μg/g)
0.0E+00
5.0E+02
1.0E+03
1.5E+03
2.0E+03
Intensity (cps)
0 1 2 3 4 5 min
MIT Q3 (115.5/98.1)
CMIT Q3 (151.3/87.0)
Dish soap spiked with isothiazolinones (0.1 μg/g)
0.0E+00
5.0E+03
1.0E+04
1.5E+04
2.0E+04
Intensity [cps]
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 min
MIT Q3 (115.5/98.1)
CMIT Q3 (151.3/87.0)
BIT Q3 (151.4/107.4)
BBIT Q3 (207.3/149.5)
0.0E+00
1.0E+02
2.0E+02
0 1 2 3 4 5 min
Hair gel with MIT in declaration
0.0E+00
2.0E+04
4.0E+04
6.0E+04
8.0E+04
Intensity (cps)
0 1 2 3 4 5 min
MIT Q3 (115.5/98.1)
CMIT Q3 (151.3/87.0)
0.0E+00
2.0E+02
4.0E+02
6.0E+02
8.0E+02
1.0E+03
0 1 2 3 4 5 min
Dish soap with MIT in declaration
0.0E+00
2.0E+04
4.0E+04
6.0E+04
8.0E+04
Intensity (cps)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 min
MIT Q3 (115.5/98.1)
CMIT Q3 (151.3/87.0)
BIT Q3 (151.4/107.4)
BBIT Q3 (207.3/149.5)
CONCLUSION
The results of this work show that the solid phase extraction of isothiazolinones with CHROMABOND® HR-X
is very well suited for hair gel and dish soap. The chromatographic method shows good retention for the
six analytes on the NUCLEOSHELL® PFP phase, especially for the most polar MIT. The chromatographic
separation takes only 10 min with reequilibration. The presented method allows detection of 0.6 μg MIT/g,
0.7 μg CMIT/g, 0.3 μg BIT/g, 0.1 μg BBIT/g, 0.2 μg OIT/g and 0.1 μg DCOIT/g and a quantification of 2.1
μg MIT/g, 2.6 μg CMIT/g, 1.2 μg BIT/g, 0.4 μg BBIT/g, 0.6 μg OIT/g and 0.2 μg DCOIT/g in hair gel. Therefore, it is possible to check the values required by cosmetics Regulation for MIT and CMIT in the amount of
3.75 μg MIT/g and 11.25 μg CMIT/g.
With the developed methodology the detection of 0.6 μg MIT/g, 1.9 μg CMIT/g, 0.1 μg BIT/g, 0.3 μg BBIT/g,
0.2 μg OIT/g and 0.5 μg DCOIT/g and the quantification of 2.0 μg MIT/g, 7.2 μg CMIT/g, 0.4 μg BIT/g,
1.0 μg BBIT/g, 0.7 μg OIT/g and 1.8 μg DCOIT/g are possible for detergents and cleaning agents. Therefore the method is suitable for verifying the labeling required by law.
sothiazolinones (also CMIT/MIT) is a blended biocide with methylchloroisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone which carry out the bactericidal effect through breaking the bond of bacteria and algae cell protein. When isothiazolinones contact with microbes, it can quickly break cell protein bond and inhibit their growth, and then lead to the apoptosis of these microbes. Isothiazolinone products can be effective in controlling both the planktonic and surface growth at very low concentrations and have been produced specifically for oilfield water treatment and paper mill applications. CMIT/MIT has strong biocidal effects on ordinary bacteria, algae and fungi which has many advantages such as no residue, good compatibleness, high stabilization, good degradation, safety and low cost in operation. Isothiazolinone products can mix with other chlorine biocides and most cation, anion, and non-ionic surfactants. It can be an excellent eco-friendly sludge remover when used at high dosage. Methylchloroisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone are fungicidal with properties of high efficiency, broad spectrum, non-oxidative and low toxicity. CMIT/MIT is the most suitable biocide in industrial circulating cool water systems and in wastewater treatment for oilfield, papermaking, pesticide and other industries. Bichain is one of reliable isothiazolinones manufacturers and suppliers of CMIT/MIT, methylchloroisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone for oilfield water treatment. We supply high quality isothiazolinone products like Kathon WT with CAS 55965-84-9.
Structural Formula:
CMIT/MIT formula
5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one; 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one
CMIT: CAS 26172-55-4; MIT: CAS 2682-20-4;
Technical Data:
Isothiazolinones spec
Advantages:
♦Broad spectrum activity and wide pH range.
♦Rapid inhibition of cell growth & macromolecular synthesis.
♦Effective at low concentrations.
♦Biodegradable and low toxicity.
♦Effective against biofilm.
♦Water soluble and non-surface active.
♦Infrequent dosing & easily deactivated.
Package and Storage
Package: 200L plastic drum, IBC (1000L) or customers' requirement. Store in dry cool and ventilation environment.
Shelf time: 10 months
Recommended Dosage
When Grade II used as a sludge remover, the recommended dosage is 150-300mg/L. When used as a boicide, the dosage of 80-100mg/L is preferred and charges every 3-7 days. Don't use together with oxidative fungicidal such as chlorine, and don't use in cooling water system containing sulphate. When used together with BAC 80% and DDBAC, the bactericidal effect will be better. When used as a industrial fungicide, the recommended dosage is 0.05-0.4%