DI-TERT-BUTYL PEROXIDE (DTBP)
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is a strong oxidizer and may ignite organic materials or explode if shocked or in contact with reducing agents.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is a clear, water-white liquid that is nonpolar, insoluble in water, and soluble in many organic solvents.
Due to its relatively high decomposition temperature compared to many other organic peroxides, Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is particularly suitable for high-temperature polymer processing, including polyethylene and polypropylene production.
CAS Number: 110-05-4
EC Number: 203-733-6
Molecular Formula: C8H18O2
Molecular Weight: 146.23
Synonyms: Di-tert-butyl peroxide, 110-05-4, tert-Butyl peroxide, t-Butyl peroxide, Trigonox B, Cadox TBP, Cadox, Kayabutyl D, Perbutyl D, Interox DTB, tert-Butylperoxide, Peroxide, bis(1,1-dimethylethyl), Bis(tert-butyl) peroxide, Di-tert-butylperoxid, Di-tert-butyl peroxyde, Peroxyde de butyle tertiaire, Bis(t-butyl)peroxide, Di-tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, Perossido di butile terziario, Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) peroxide, di-t butyl peroxide, BIS(1,1-DIMETHYLETHYL)PEROXIDE, DTXSID2024955, M7ZJ88F4R1, NSC-673, DTXCID704955, TBHP compound, RefChem:132520, 203-733-6, DTBP, Di-t-butyl peroxide, 2-(tert-Butylperoxy)-2-methylpropane, 2-tert-butylperoxy-2-methylpropane, di-tert-butylperoxide, NSC 673, di(t-butyl) peroxide, 2-tert-butylperoxy-2-methyl-propane, MFCD00008803, Di-tertiary-butyl peroxide, (Tributyl)peroxide, CAS-110-05-4, Di-tert-butylperoxid [German], ditert-butyl peroxide, CCRIS 4613, Di-tert-butyl peroxyde [Dutch], HSDB 1326, EINECS 203-733-6, Peroxyde de butyle tertiaire [French], Perossido di butile terziario [Italian], UNII-M7ZJ88F4R1, t-butylperoxide, tBuOOtBu, Di-t-butylperoxide, di-tertbutylperoxide, ditert.butylperoxide, di-tertbutyl peroxide, di-tert.butyl peroxide, di-tertiarybutylperoxide, ditertiary butylperoxide, ditertiarybutyl peroxide, Peroxide, tert-butyl-, di(tert.-butyl)peroxide, di(tert.butyl) peroxide, di-tert.-butyl peroxide, di-tertiary butylperoxide, ditertiary butyl peroxide, (tert-C4H9O)2, di-tertiary butyl peroxide, DTBP [MI], Peroxide, bis-tert-butyl-, EC 203-733-6, SCHEMBL14861, NSC673, SCHEMBL9239345, CHEMBL1558599, (CH3)3CO-OC(CH3)3, 2-tert-butyldioxy-2-methylpropane, Tox21_201461, Tox21_300099, AKOS015902599, 2-(tert-Butylperoxy)-2-methylpropane #, NCGC00091801-01, NCGC00091801-02, NCGC00091801-03, NCGC00254065-01, NCGC00259012-01, tert-Butyl peroxide (Luperox DI), 97%, Luperox(R) DI, tert-Butyl peroxide, 98%, D3411, NS00006093, BIS(1,1-DIMETHYLETHYL)PEROXIDE [HSDB], A802134, Q413043, t-butyl peroxide bis(1,1-di-methylethyl)peroxide, WLN: 1X1 & 1 & OOX1 & 1 & 1, F0001-0215, 1068-27-5, 110-05-4, 1X1&1&OOX1&1&1, 2,2′-dioxybis(2-methylpropane), 2-(tert-Butylperoxy)-2-methylpropane, 2-Methyl-2-[(2-methyl-2-propanyl)peroxy]propan, 2-Methyl-2-[(2-methyl-2-propanyl)peroxy]propane, 2-Méthyl-2-[(2-méthyl-2-propanyl)peroxy]propane, 203-733-6, 213-944-5, 4O3I2IK0J0, Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, Di-tert-butyl peroxide, Di-tert-butylperoxid, di-tert-butylperoxide, DTBP, Luperox(R) DI, tert-Butyl peroxide, MFCD00008803, Peroxide, bis(1,1-dimethylethyl), tert-butyl peroxide, tert-Butylperoxide, 二叔丁基过氧化物, (tert-C4H9O)2, (Tributyl)peroxide, 1X1 & 1 & OOX1 & 1 & 1, 2-tert-butyldioxy-2-methylpropane, 2-tert-butylperoxy-2-methyl-propane, 2-tert-butylperoxy-2-methylpropane, 98%, Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide, Bis(t-butyl)peroxide, Bis(tert-butyl) peroxide, Cadox, Cadox TBP, Di tert butyl peroxide, di(t-butyl) peroxide, Di-tert-butyl peroxyde, Di-tert-butyl peroxyde, di-tert-butyl-peroxide, Di-tert-butylperoxid, Di-tertiary-butyl peroxide, EINECS 203-733-6, Interox DTB, Kayabutyl D, Luperox DI, Perossido di butile terziario, Perossido di butile terziario, Peroxide, bis-tert-butyl-, peroxide, t-butyl, Peroxide, tert-butyl-, Peroxyde de butyle tertiaire, Peroxyde de butyle tertiaire, t-Butyl peroxide, t-butyl peroxide bis(1,1-di-methylethyl)peroxide, T-BUTYL-PEROXIDE, Trigonox B
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is a dialkyl organic peroxide widely used as a free-radical initiator in polymerization and chemical synthesis processes.
With the molecular formula C8H18O2, Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) consists of two tert-butyl groups connected by a peroxide bond (–O–O–), which thermally cleaves to generate tert-butoxy radicals.
Due to its relatively high decomposition temperature compared to many other organic peroxides, Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is particularly suitable for high-temperature polymer processing, including polyethylene and polypropylene production.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) appears as a clear, colorless liquid, is insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents, and must be handled carefully because of its oxidizing properties and potential thermal instability under improper storage conditions.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is an organic compound consisting of a peroxide group bonded to two tert-butyl groups.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is one of the most stable organic peroxides, due to the tert-butyl groups being bulky.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is a colorless liquid.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is an organic compound used in polymer chemistry and organic synthesis as a radical initiator.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is a very stable organic peroxide, that is often used a radical initiator, as it performs homolysis at temperatures above 100°C.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is a clear, water-white liquid.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) has a specific gravity of 0.79, which is lighter than water, and it will float on the surface.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is nonpolar and insoluble in water.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is a strong oxidizer and may ignite organic materials or explode if shocked or in contact with reducing agents.
In addition to being an oxidizer, Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is highly flammable.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) has a boiling point of 231°F (110°C) and a flash point of 65°F (18°C).
The NFPA 704 designation is health 3, flammability 2, and reactivity 4.
The prefix “oxy” for oxidizer is placed in the white section at the bottom of the 704 diamond.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is a clear, water-white liquid.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) has a specific gravity of 0.79, which is lighter than water, and it will float on the surface.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is nonpolar and insoluble in water.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is a strong oxidizer and may ignite organic materials or explode if shocked or in contact with reducing agents.
In addition to being an oxidizer, Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is highly flammable.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) has a boiling point of 231°F (110°C) and a flash point of 65°F (18°C).
The NFPA 704 designation is health 3, flammability 2, and reactivity 4.
The prefix “oxy” for oxidizer is placed in the white section at the bottom of the 704 diamond.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is an organic compound with chemical formula C8H18O2.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is a colorless liquid, miscible with benzene, petroleum ether and other organic solvents, and insoluble in water.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is mainly used as a synthetic resin initiator, photopolymerization sensitizer, rubber vulcanizer, diesel ignition promoter, and also used in organic synthesis.
Applications of Di-Tert-Butyl Peroxide (DTBP):
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is a high-temperature organic peroxide commonly used as an initiator for high-pressure polymerization, particularly in rubber cross-linking and the polymerization of acrylic resins.
Additionally, Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) serves as a versatile agent in polypropylene degradation, making it a key component in a variety of industrial processes that require precise and efficient polymer manipulation.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is widely used in the production of polymers, polymer cross-linking, and acrylic production.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is an effective initiator for low-density polyethylene (LDPE) production and is suitable for both tubular and autoclave processes.
In practice, Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is often combined with other peroxides of varying activity levels to cover a broader range of polymerization temperatures, making it highly versatile in industrial settings.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) can be used for the market segments: polymer production, polymer crosslinking and acrylics production with their different applications/functions.
The decomposition reaction proceeds via the generation of methyl radicals.
The peroxide bond undergoes homolysis at temperatures above 100 °C.
Hence Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is commonly used as a radical initiator in organic synthesis and polymer chemistry.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) can in principle be used in engines where oxygen is limited, since the molecule supplies both the oxidizer and the fuel.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) has been used as a radical initiator to induce free radical polymerization.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) has also been used as a cetane enhancer in a study to determine the phase behavior of carboxylate-based extended surfactant reverse micellar microemulsions with ethanol and vegetable oil/diesel blends.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) used as a crosslinking agent for unsaturated polyesters and silicone rubbers, also as a polymerization initiator
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is widely used as a crosslinking agent for unsaturated polyester and silicone rubber, a polymerization initiator for monomers, a polypropylene modifier, a rubber vulcanizing agent, etc.
Uses of Di-Tert-Butyl Peroxide (DTBP):
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is widely used as a free-radical initiator in polymer manufacturing, particularly in the production of polyethylene and polypropylene under high-temperature processing conditions.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) functions as an effective crosslinking agent in elastomers and rubber compounds, improving mechanical strength, thermal stability, and durability.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is also applied in controlled degradation processes to modify polymer viscosity and adjust melt flow properties.
In addition, Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) serves as a radical source in various chemical synthesis reactions and petrochemical applications that require reliable high-temperature radical generation.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is used as an initiator for high-temperature, high-pressure polymerizations of ethylene and halogenated ethylenes.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is used in the synthesis of polyketones.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is used as a finishing catalyst for polystyrene.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is used as a polymerization catalyst for acrylonitrile polymers and resins (including olefins, styrene, styrenated alkyds, and silicones).
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is used as curing agent for styrenated alkyds and silicone rubbers.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is used as ignition accelerator for diesel fuels; and as a cross-linking agent (rubber and resins).
The decomposition reaction proceeds via the generation of methyl radicals.
The peroxide bond undergoes homolysis at temperatures above 100 °C.
Hence Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is commonly used as a radical initiator in organic synthesis and polymer chemistry.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) can in principle be used in engines where oxygen is limited, since the molecule supplies both the oxidizer and the fuel.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) has been used as a radical initiator to induce free radical polymerization.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) has also been used as a cetane enhancer in a study to determine the phase behavior of carboxylate-based extended surfactant reverse micellar microemulsions with ethanol and vegetable oil/diesel blends.
Industry Uses:
Solvent
Intermediate
Process regulators
Hardener
Chemical reaction regulator
Catalyst
Plasticizer
Consumer Uses:
Catalyst
Production of Di-Tert-Butyl Peroxide (DTBP):
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is produced through the controlled oxidation of tert-butyl alcohol or tert-butyl hydroperoxide under carefully regulated industrial conditions.
One common manufacturing route involves the acid-catalyzed reaction of tert-butyl hydroperoxide with tert-butyl alcohol, forming the peroxide linkage (–O–O–) through condensation.
The reaction is carried out in closed reactor systems with strict temperature control to prevent premature decomposition, as organic peroxides are thermally sensitive.
Reaction parameters such as catalyst concentration, pressure, and reactant ratio are optimized to maximize yield while minimizing by-products such as di-tert-butyl ether or unreacted hydroperoxide.
Following synthesis, the crude product undergoes purification, typically by fractional distillation under controlled conditions, to remove residual reactants and impurities.
The final Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) product is stabilized, filtered if necessary, and packaged under safety-controlled conditions, with strict adherence to peroxide handling and storage regulations due to its oxidizing and decomposition characteristics.
Methods of Manufacturing of Di-Tert-Butyl Peroxide (DTBP):
Synthesized from tert-butyl hydroperoxide and tert-butanol.
This reaction can also be carried out with an acidic ion-exchange resin as catalyst, the water produced in the reaction being removed by azeotropic distillation.
Reactions of Di-Tert-Butyl Peroxide (DTBP):
The peroxide bond undergoes homolysis at temperatures above 100 °C.
For this reason Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is commonly used as a radical initiator in organic synthesis and polymer chemistry.
The decomposition reaction proceeds via the generation of methyl radicals.
(CH3)3COOC(CH3)3 → 2 (CH3)3CO•
(CH3)3CO• → (CH3)2CO + CH•32 CH•3 → C2H6
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) can in principle be used in engines where oxygen is limited, since the molecule supplies both the oxidizer and the fuel.
History of Di-Tert-Butyl Peroxide (DTBP):
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) emerged in the mid-20th century alongside the rapid expansion of the plastics and petrochemical industries.
The development of organic peroxides as radical initiators was driven by the need for efficient polymerization processes, particularly for polyethylene and polypropylene production.
As high-temperature polymer processing technologies advanced in the 1950s and 1960s, Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) gained importance due to its relatively high thermal stability compared to many earlier peroxide compounds.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP)'s ability to generate tert-butoxy radicals at elevated temperatures made it especially suitable for controlled crosslinking and viscosity modification applications.
Over time, improvements in manufacturing safety, purification methods, and stabilization techniques enhanced Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP)'s commercial viability.
Today, Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) remains a key industrial peroxide used in polymer processing and specialty chemical synthesis, supported by strict safety regulations governing its production, transport, and storage.
Stability and Reactivity of Di-Tert-Butyl Peroxide (DTBP):
Chemical Stability:
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is thermally stable under recommended storage conditions.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) decomposes at elevated temperatures.
Reactivity:
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is a strong oxidizing organic peroxide.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) can undergo self-accelerating decomposition if exposed to excessive heat, contamination, or shock.
Conditions to Avoid:
Heat, open flames, sparks, direct sunlight, mechanical shock, friction, and contamination with incompatible substances.
Incompatible Materials:
Strong acids, strong bases, reducing agents, heavy metal salts, amines, and combustible materials.
Hazardous Decomposition Products:
Thermal decomposition may produce flammable vapors, carbon oxides (CO, CO₂), and organic radicals.
Rapid decomposition may result in fire or explosion.
Handling and Storage of Di-Tert-Butyl Peroxide (DTBP):
Handling:
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) must be handled with extreme caution.
Avoid impact, friction, and contamination.
Use non-sparking tools and explosion-proof equipment.
Storage:
Store in a cool, well-ventilated area away from heat sources and incompatible materials.
Storage Conditions:
Maintain storage temperatures within manufacturer-recommended limits to prevent decomposition.
Keep containers tightly closed and protected from direct sunlight.
Packaging Materials:
Store in approved peroxide-compatible containers.
Shelf Life:
Stable when stored under controlled temperature conditions.
Shelf life depends on storage compliance.
First Aid Measures of Di-Tert-Butyl Peroxide (DTBP):
Inhalation:
Move the exposed person to fresh air immediately.
Seek medical attention if symptoms such as dizziness, irritation, or breathing difficulty occur.
Skin Contact:
Remove contaminated clothing.
Wash affected skin thoroughly with soap and water.
Seek medical advice if irritation persists.
Eye Contact:
Rinse cautiously with water for at least 15 minutes.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do.
Seek immediate medical attention.
Ingestion:
Do not induce vomiting.
Rinse mouth.
Seek immediate medical assistance.
Most Important Symptoms:
May cause irritation to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract.
Exposure to decomposition vapors may cause more severe effects.
Firefighting Measures of Di-Tert-Butyl Peroxide (DTBP):
Suitable Extinguishing Media:
Large quantities of water spray are preferred.
Foam or dry chemical may be used for surrounding fires.
Specific Hazards:
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is a combustible organic peroxide.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) may intensify fire.
Heating may cause violent decomposition or explosion.
Protective Equipment for Firefighters:
Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and full protective clothing are required.
Special Precautions:
Cool containers with water spray from a safe distance.
Avoid confined spaces due to explosion risk.
Accidental Release Measures of Di-Tert-Butyl Peroxide (DTBP):
Personal Precautions:
Evacuate area if necessary.
Eliminate all ignition sources.
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment.
Environmental Precautions:
Prevent release into drains, soil, or waterways.
Methods for Cleanup:
Absorb with inert, non-combustible materials such as sand or vermiculite.
Avoid contamination.
Dispose of in accordance with local hazardous waste regulations.
Exposure Controls / Personal Protection of Di-Tert-Butyl Peroxide (DTBP):
Occupational Exposure Limits:
Specific exposure limits may vary by jurisdiction.
Consult regulatory standards.
Engineering Controls:
Use explosion-proof ventilation systems to prevent vapor accumulation.
Respiratory Protection:
Use appropriate respirator if ventilation is inadequate or if exposure limits may be exceeded.
Hand Protection:
Chemical-resistant gloves recommended.
Eye Protection:
Chemical splash goggles or face shield required.
Skin Protection:
Wear protective clothing resistant to organic peroxides.
Hygiene Measures:
Avoid contamination of clothing.
Wash thoroughly after handling.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke in work areas.
Identifiers of Di-Tert-Butyl Peroxide (DTBP):
CAS No: 110-05-4
Chemical Name: Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP)
CBNumber: CB8852799
Molecular Formula: C8H18O2
Molecular Weight: 146.23
MDL Number: MFCD00008803
EC Number (EINECS): 203-733-6
Product Number: D3411
Purity / Analysis Method : >98.0%(GC)
Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: C8H18O2 = 146.23
Physical State (20 deg.C): Liquid
Storage Temperature : Frozen (<0°C)
Condition to Avoid: Heat Sensitive
CAS RN: 110-05-4
Reaxys Registry Number: 1735581
PubChem Substance ID: 87558545
Merck Index (14): 3461
CAS Number: 110-05-4
ChemSpider: 7742
ECHA InfoCard: 100.003.395
PubChem CID: 8033
UNII: M7ZJ88F4R1
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID2024955
InChI: InChI=1S/C8H18O2/c1-7(2,3)9-10-8(4,5)6/h1-6H3
Key: LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C8H18O2/c1-7(2,3)9-10-8(4,5)6/h1-6H3
Key: LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYAY
SMILES: O(OC(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C
Properties of Di-Tert-Butyl Peroxide (DTBP):
Chemical formula: C8H18O2
Molar mass: 146.230 g·mol−1
Density: 0.796 g/cm3
Melting point: −40 °C (−40 °F; 233 K)
Boiling point: 109 to 111 °C (228 to 232 °F; 382 to 384 K)
Melting Point: -40 °C
Boiling Point: 111 °C
Flash point: 12 °C
Specific Gravity (20/20): 0.80
Refractive Index: 1.39
Solubility in water: Insoluble
Solubility (soluble in): Acetone
Melting point: -30 °C
Boiling point: 109-110 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.796 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor pressure: 40 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.3891(lit.)
Flash point: 34 °F
storage temp.: Store at +15°C to +25°C.
solubility: 0.063g/l
form: Liquid
color: Clear
Odor: distinctive odor
Water Solubility: immiscible
Merck: 14,3461
BRN: 1735581
Melting point:-30 °C
Boiling point: 109-110 °C(lit.)
density: 0.796 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor pressure: 40 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.3891(lit.)
Fp: 34 °F
storage temp.: Store at +15°C to +25°C.
solubility: 0.063g/l
form: Liquid
color: Clear
Odor: distinctive odor
Water Solubility: immiscible
Merck: 14,3461
BRN: 1735581
InChIKey: LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 3.2 at 22℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 110-05-4
NIST Chemistry Reference: 110-05-4
EPA Substance Registry System: 110-05-4
Molecular Weight: 146.23 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 2.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 146.130679813 Da
Monoisotopic Mass: 146.130679813 Da
Topological Polar Surface Area: 18.5 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Complexity: 80.8
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Specifications of Di-Tert-Butyl Peroxide (DTBP):
Appearance: Colorless to Light yellow clear liquid
Purity(GC): min. 98.0 %
NMR: confirm to structure
Names of Di-Tert-Butyl Peroxide (DTBP):
Preferred IUPAC name:
2-(tert-Butylperoxy)-2-methylpropane
