CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBUS GUM
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum is a high-molecular-weight natural polysaccharide obtained from the guar plant, an annual legume cultivated mainly in South Asia.
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum forms viscous, stable colloidal solutions in water and demonstrates excellent thickening efficiency across a broad pH range.
Due to its strong water-binding capacity and compatibility with other hydrocolloids, Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum is extensively applied in food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and various industrial formulations.
CAS Number: 9000-30-0
EC Number: 232-536-8
Molecular Weight: 535.15 g/mol
Molecular Formula: C10H14N5Na2O12P3
Synonyms: Guar Gum Hydrolyzed, Guar Gum - HPMC, 1212a, a-20d, burtonitev7e, burtonitev-7-e, cyamopsisgum, dealcatp1, Guar Gum, Guar Flour, Guaran, Guar Seed Gum, Guar Endosperm Gum, Cluster Bean Gum, Indian Guar Gum, Galactomannan (Guar Source), E412, Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba Seed Gum
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum is a natural polysaccharide obtained from the endosperm of the seeds of the plant Cyamopsis tetragonoloba.
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum is a high-molecular-weight galactomannan composed of a linear mannose backbone with galactose side groups.
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum appears as an off-white to pale yellow free-flowing powder and is highly soluble in cold water, forming viscous solutions even at low concentrations.
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum functions primarily as a thickening, stabilizing, emulsifying, binding, and water-retention agent.
In the food industry, Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum is widely used in dairy products, sauces, bakery goods, beverages, and gluten-free formulations to improve texture and viscosity.
In pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications, Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum serves as a binder, disintegrant, and viscosity modifier.
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum is also used in oil drilling fluids, paper manufacturing, textiles, and various industrial formulations due to its strong rheological properties.
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum is a naturally occurring polysaccharide in the form of aqueous colloidal systems.
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum is obtained from the guar, or four-winged cyamopsis or leaf tree (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), a species of herbaceous plant from the Fabaceae family.
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum is an annual legume crop.
Guava beans have a large natural endosperm containing galactomannans, a gel-like substance in water known as C.g.
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum contains polymers found in all plant resins, consisting of 0-mannose and O-galactose, 5-7% protein, and some common enzymes.
The content weight of the polysaccharide is approximately 220 kDa.
High-quality gum forms a viscous, opaque colloidal solution in cold water at temperatures and a composition of approximately 1%.
The higher the solution content, the faster the gum swells.
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum swells very little in saline solution.
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum is allowed to be affected by a given electrolyte content of slightly more than 10%.
The viscosity of the solutions is almost entirely dependent on the pH of the medium: they are stable between pH 4 and 10.5.
The solutions become acidic during storage.
A 1% solution reacts with mild acids (pH 5.5-6.0), and the maximum solution viscosity is achieved at pH 5 to 8.
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum can withstand prolonged heating at 100°C and can be purified from plant impurities.
Colloidal solutions of K.g. are well compatible with hydrocolloidal gels and gelatins precipitated by alcohols.
Purified K.g. is a white or slightly yellowish powder, and the quality and degree of purification of the products offered vary.
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum is used as a dispersing agent in many emulsions, but it is recommended to add preservatives to dispersions containing K.g. Adding carrageenan to a K.g. solution increases the viscosity of the mixture.
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum is used in skin and hair care, and as a natural thickening agent in toothpaste.
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum is non-toxic
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum is registered as a food additive.
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum is assumed to have developed from the African species Cyamopsis senegalensis.
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum was further domesticated in South Asia, where it has been cultivated for centuries.
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum grows well in semiarid areas, but frequent rainfall is necessary.
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum is a galactomannan polysaccharide extracted from guar beans that has thickening and stabilizing properties useful in food, feed, and industrial applications.
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum seeds are mechanically dehusked, hydrated, milled and screened according to application.
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum is typically produced as a free-flowing, off-white powder.
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum's viscosity is 5 to 8 times than that of starch and quickly reaches the highest point under heat.
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum is the endosperm of the seed of the Indian cluster bean, Cyamopsis tetragonolobus.
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum has been grown for several thousand years in India and Pakistan as a vegetable and a forage crop.
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum is a hardy and drought-resistant plant, which grows 1 to 2 m high with vertical stalks and resembles the soybean plant in general appearance.
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum pods, which grow in clusters along the vertical stems, are about 30 cm long and contain six to nine seeds, which are considerably smaller than locust bean seeds Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum is odorless.
As in the case of locust bean Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum, the endosperm, which comprises 35 to 42% of the seed, is the source of the gum Typically, guar gum is around 80% of the endosperm of the guar seed.
As the endosperm is about 40% of the seed, Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum is roughly 30% of the guar plant seed.
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum is harvested before the frst rain following the frst frost to obtain maximum yield and purity.
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum is a white to yellowish-white powder.
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum is dispersible in either hot or cold water, forming a solution having a pH between 5.4 and 7.0 that may be converted to gel by the addition of a small amount of sodium borate.
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum is widely used in the cosmetic and personal care industry for its ability to thicken and enhance the texture of formulations.
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum is a great stabilizer and ensures that ingredients stay evenly distributed in a product.
Further, Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum also has conditioning properties - making skin and hair smooth and soft.
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum appears as a white to off-white powder in its raw form that forms a gel-like substance upon dissolving in water.
Since Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum is generally odorless, it does not impact the overall aroma of cosmetic products.
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum is naturally derived and safe for use.
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum is a natural thickener that allows you to formulate in a wide range of pH, in combination with cationic ingredients and cold-process formulations.
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum can be blended with other hydrocolloids, especially xanthan gum, to deliver high-viscosity solutions even at low concentration.
Based on a sensory evaluation, the combination of Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum and xanthan gum can help reduce stickiness.
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum has broad compatibility and is suitable for intimate care.
Biology of Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum:
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum is an annual leguminous herb belonging to the Fabaceae family and is primarily cultivated in arid and semi-arid regions of South Asia.
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum typically grows to a height of 1–2 meters and is well adapted to drought conditions due to its deep root system and efficient water-use physiology.
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum produces trifoliate leaves and small white to pink papilionaceous flowers, which develop into slender pods containing several seeds.
As a member of the legume family, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba forms symbiotic root nodules with Rhizobium bacteria, enabling biological nitrogen fixation and contributing to soil fertility.
The seeds consist of hull, germ, and endosperm, with the endosperm being rich in galactomannan polysaccharides, which are extracted to produce Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum.
This high polysaccharide content serves as an energy reserve for the seed and is responsible for the plant’s industrial and nutritional significance.
Uses of Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum:
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum is widely used as a natural thickening, stabilizing, and water-binding agent across food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and industrial sectors.
In the food industry, Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum is used in dairy products such as ice cream and yogurt to improve texture and prevent ice crystal formation.
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum is also incorporated into sauces, dressings, bakery products, beverages, and gluten-free formulations to enhance viscosity, moisture retention, and structural stability.
In pharmaceutical applications, Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum functions as a binder, disintegrant, and controlled-release agent in tablet formulations.
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum is also used as a dietary fiber supplement due to its ability to form viscous gels in the gastrointestinal tract.
In cosmetics and personal care products, Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum acts as a thickener and conditioning agent in shampoos, creams, lotions, and toothpaste formulations.
Modified guar derivatives are commonly used to improve sensory properties and product stability.
In industrial applications, Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum plays a major role in oil and gas drilling fluids, where it increases viscosity and improves fluid transport properties.
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum is also used in paper manufacturing, textile printing, explosives, mining, and water treatment processes due to its strong rheological and binding characteristics.
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum is a multipurpose ingredient that serves many benefits in the beauty industry.
Primarily, Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum is used to thicken formulations in order to give products a smooth and desirable consistency.
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum is also an excellent stabilizer and emulsifier that helps blend oil and water-based ingredients together, creating stable emulsions.
This is particularly useful in creams, lotions, and other emulsified products.
Additionally, Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum deeply conditions the skin and hair and forms a thin film to lock in moisture.
This film also protects the hair and skin from harmful environmental stressors that are responsible for premature aging.
Origin of Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum:
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum comes from the seeds of the guar plant (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba).
First, seeds are harvested, cleaned, and dehulled.
The dehulled seeds are ground into a fine powder.
This powder is then hydrated with water to form a gel.
The gel is dried using methods like spray or drum drying, then finely ground again.
The final powder is packaged in airtight containers to maintain its quality for use in cosmetics and other products.
Production Methods of Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum:
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum is obtained from the ground endosperm of the guar plant, Cyamopsis tetragonolobus (L.) Taub. (Fam. Leguminosae), which is grown in India, Pakistan, and the semiarid southwestern region of the USA.
The seed hull can be removed by grinding, after soaking in sulfuric acid or water, or by charring.
The embryo (germ) is removed by differential grinding, since each component possesses a different hardness.
The separated endosperm, containing 80% galactomannan is then ground to different particle sizes depending upon final application.
Stability and Reactivity of Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum:
Chemical Stability:
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum is chemically stable under normal conditions of use, handling, and storage.
Reactivity:
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum does not undergo hazardous reactions under normal conditions.
Conditions to Avoid:
Excessive moisture, high humidity, and extreme heat may cause clumping, viscosity loss, or microbial growth.
Avoid formation of airborne dust.
Incompatible Materials:
Strong oxidizing agents.
Hazardous Decomposition Products:
Thermal decomposition may produce carbon oxides (CO, CO₂) and irritating fumes.
Handling and Storage of Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum:
Handling:
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum should be handled in accordance with good industrial hygiene practices.
Avoid generating excessive dust during processing.
Storage:
Store Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use.
Storage Conditions:
Protect from moisture and humidity to prevent agglomeration and microbial contamination.
Packaging Materials:
Food-grade or inert packaging materials are recommended.
Shelf Life:
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum has a long shelf life when stored dry and sealed under recommended conditions.
First Aid Measures of Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum:
Inhalation:
Remove person to fresh air.
If respiratory irritation persists, seek medical attention.
Skin Contact:
Wash skin with soap and water.
No significant adverse effects are expected under normal exposure.
Eye Contact:
Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do.
Seek medical advice if irritation continues.
Ingestion:
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum is non-toxic and edible.
No specific treatment is normally required.
Seek medical advice if large quantities cause discomfort.
Most Important Symptoms:
Mechanical irritation of the respiratory tract or eyes due to dust exposure.
Firefighting Measures of Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum:
Suitable Extinguishing Media:
Water spray, foam, dry chemical powder, or carbon dioxide (CO₂).
Specific Hazards:
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum is a combustible organic powder.
Dust may form explosive mixtures in air under certain conditions.
Protective Equipment for Firefighters:
Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and full protective clothing.
Special Precautions:
Avoid creating dust clouds during firefighting operations.
Accidental Release Measures of Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum:
Personal Precautions:
Avoid breathing dust.
Use appropriate personal protective equipment.
Ensure adequate ventilation.
Environmental Precautions:
Prevent large quantities from entering drains or watercourses.
Methods for Cleanup:
Sweep or vacuum spilled material using dust-minimizing methods.
Dispose of material in accordance with local regulations.
Exposure Controls / Personal Protection of Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum:
Occupational Exposure Limits:
Specific occupational exposure limits are not established.
Engineering Controls:
Provide adequate general ventilation to minimize airborne dust.
Respiratory Protection:
Not normally required.
Use a dust mask if airborne dust is generated.
Hand Protection:
Not required under normal handling conditions.
Eye Protection:
Safety glasses recommended in dusty environments.
Skin Protection:
No special protection required under normal use.
Hygiene Measures:
Wash hands after handling.
Avoid eating, drinking, or smoking in work areas.
Identifiers of Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum:
CAS Number: 9000-30-0
EC Number (EINECS): 232-536-8
E Number (Food Additive Code): E412
Chemical Type: Natural Galactomannan Polysaccharide
Origin: Endosperm of guar seed
Appearance: Off-white to pale yellow free-flowing powder
Function: Thickener, Stabilizer, Emulsifier, Binding Agent
COSING REF No: 75398
Properties of Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum:
Appearance: Off-white to pale yellow free-flowing powder
Odor: Odorless or faint characteristic odor
Taste: Bland
Chemical Type: Natural galactomannan polysaccharide
Molecular Structure: Linear β-(1→4)-D-mannose backbone with α-(1→6)-D-galactose side groups
Molecular Weight: High molecular weight
Solubility: Readily soluble in cold water; insoluble in most organic solvents
Viscosity: Forms highly viscous solutions even at low concentrations
Molecular Weight: 535.15 g/mol
Molecular Formula: C10H14N5Na2O12P3
Melting Point: >220 °C
Purity: 0.98
Appearance: White to off-white solid
Highest Usage In Residency Products: 0.025
Highest Usage In Rinsing Products: 0.03
Melting point: >220°C
Alpha: D25 +53°
FEMA: 2537
Form: Free Flowing Powder
Color: Yellow-white
Odor: Odorless
Merck: 13,4588 / 13,4587
Stability: Stable. Combustible.
