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BORAX

Borax is a powdery white substance, also known as sodium borate, sodium tetraborate, or disodium tetraborate.

Borax’s widely used as a household cleaner and a booster for laundry detergent.

Borax’s a combination of boron, sodium, and oxygen.

CAS Number: 1303-96-4

EC Number: 603-411-9

Molecular Weight: 201.22

Molar Mass: 201.22 g/mol

Synonyms: 1330-43-4, Borax Anhydrous, Borax glass, Borax, fused, Boric acid (H2B4O7), sodium salt, Boron sodium oxide (B4Na2O7), Na2B4O7, Sodium Tetraborate, Sodium Tetraborate, Anhydrous, Sodiumtetraborate, Sodium borate anhydrous, Anhydrous borax, Sodium biborate, Fused borax, Sodium pyroborate, Sodium borate, anhydrous, 8191EN8ZMD, Sodium tetraborate (Na2B4O7), MFCD00081185, Boric acid (H2B4O7), disodium salt, disodium;3,7-dioxido-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane, 12267-73-1, disodium;[oxido(oxoboranyloxy)boranyl]oxy-oxoboranyloxyborinate, MFCD00163147, Komex, Borax, anhydrous, Borax, dehydrated, Sodium boron oxide, Rasorite 65, Fused sodium borate, Boric acid, disodium salt, SODIUM BORATE [MI], UNII-8191EN8ZMD, Borate-buffered saline (5X), SODIUM BORATE [WHO-DD], HSDB 5025, SODIUM TETRABORATE [HSDB], DTXSID101014358, FR 28, SODIUM TETRABORATE [VANDF], EINECS 215-540-4, MFCD07784974, AKOS015903865, AKOS030228253, DB14505, Sodium tetraborate, anhydrous, Puratronic, FT-0696539, Sodium tetraborate,Trace metals grade 99.95%, J-006292, DISODIUM BICYCLO[3.3.1]TETRABOROXANE-3,7-BIS(OLATE), 1310383-93-7

Borax (also referred to as sodium borate, tincal /ˈtɪŋkəl/ and tincar /ˈtɪŋkər/) is a salt (ionic compound), a hydrated or anhydrous borate of sodium, with the chemical formula Na2H20B4O17.

Borax is a colorless crystalline solid, that dissolves in water to make a basic solution.

Borax is commonly available in powder or granular form and has many industrial and household uses, including as a pesticide, as a metal soldering flux, as a component of glass, enamel, and pottery glazes, for tanning of skins and hides, for artificial aging of wood, as a preservative against wood fungus, and as a pharmaceutic alkalizer.

In chemical laboratories, Borax is used as a buffering agent.

The terms tincal and tincar refer to native Borax, historically mined from dry lake beds in various parts of Asia.

Borax is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 000 tonnes per annum.

Borax is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Borax is a powdery white substance, also known as sodium borate, sodium tetraborate, or disodium tetraborate.

Borax’s widely used as a household cleaner and a booster for laundry detergent.

Borax’s a combination of boron, sodium, and oxygen.

Borax is often found in dry lake beds in places like California’s Death Valley, where the water evaporated and left behind deposits of minerals.

Boric acid is made from the same chemical compound as Borax and even looks like Borax.

But while Borax is commonly used in cleaning, boric acid is mainly used as a pesticide.

Boric acid kills insects by targeting their stomachs and nervous systems.

Both Borax and boric acid in loose powder form can be harmful if swallowed, particularly for children.

They can also irritate your skin.

Applications of Borax:

Borax (Na2B4O7) can be used as a co-catalyst for the oxidation of alcohols to corresponding carbonyl compounds in greener non-chlorinated solvents in the presence of TEMPO/NaOCl.

Borax is also used as a structure-directing agent as well as a catalyst in the preparation of carbon aerogels using glucose as the carbon precursor.

Borax, 10-hydrate, Na2B4O7*10H2O (sodium tetraborate decahydrate, decahydrate, borax) is a source of boric oxide and widely used in various sectors of national economy.

Borax is used for production of specialized glass, fiber glass and glass fiber cloth.

Borax contributes to blend malting, diminishes melt viscosity, prevents from devitrification, which leads to increased end product durability, mechanic, chemical and thermal exposure resistance.

Borax application contributes to fiber glass hardening, chemical stability, improved thermal and sound-proof properties.

When producing enamels and glazes, Borax is used as a source of boric oxide.

In glazes and enamels, Borax is an inorganic binder.

Metallurgy - Borax is used as a source of boric oxide – antioxidant.

Gold mining - During processing gold ore, anhydrous Borax is primarily used.

Effect of anhydrous Borax: increased gold yield, improved quality of ingots.

Borax is actively used when producing cooling liquid, lubricants and brake fluids, as Borax forms a complex compound on metal surfaces acting as a protection barrier from corrosion.

Borax is used in construction as a metal construction corrosion inhibitor.

When producing green fiber, adhesives, chipboards, as antipyren antiseptic.

Borax is a stock component in production of sodium perborate, a basic oxygen containing beaching agent in powdered synthetic detergents, polishes, ointments.

Uses of Borax:

Borax is used as tablets or powder to kill larvae in livestock confinements and crawling insects in residences.

Borax is used as a fluxing agent, a buffering agent, a biocide (preservative, antiseptic, insecticide, fungicide, herbicide, algicide, nematicide), a fireproofing agent, a corrosion inhibitor, a tanning agent, and a textile bleaching agent.

Borax is used to manufacture glazes, enamels, borosilicate glass, fertilizers, detergents, antifreeze, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.

Borax is used in manufacture of glass, enamels, & other ceramic products.

Borax is used in pest control solutions because Borax is toxic to ants.

Because Borax is slow-acting, worker ants will carry the Borax to their nests and poison the rest of the colony.

Borate ions (commonly supplied as boric acid) are used in biochemical and chemical laboratories to make buffers, e.g. for polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of DNA and RNA, such as TBE buffer (borate buffered tris-hydroxymethylaminomethonium) or the newer SB buffer or BBS buffer (borate buffered saline) in coating procedures.

Borate buffers (usually at pH 8) are also used as preferential equilibration solutions in dimethyl pimelimidate (DMP) based crosslinking reactions.

Borax as a source of borate has been used to take advantage of the co-complexing ability of borate with other agents in water to form complex ions with various substances.

Borate and a suitable polymer bed are used to chromatograph non-glycated hemoglobin differentially from glycated hemoglobin (chiefly HbA1c), which is an indicator of long-term hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus.

Borax alone does not have a high affinity for hardness cations, although Borax has been used for water-softening.

Borax's chemical equation for water-softening is given below:

Ca+2(aq) + Na2B4O7(aq) → CaB4O7(s)↓ + 2 Na+(aq)

Mg+2(aq) + Na2B4O7(aq) → MgB4O7(s)↓ + 2 Na+(aq)

The sodium ions introduced do not make water "hard".

This method is suitable for removing both temporary and permanent types of hardness.

A mixture of Borax and ammonium chloride is used as a flux when welding iron and steel.

Borax lowers the melting point of the unwanted iron oxide (scale), allowing Borax to run off.

Borax is also used mixed with water as a flux when soldering jewelry metals such as gold or silver, where Borax allows the molten solder to wet the metal and flow evenly into the joint.

Borax is also a good flux for "pre-tinning" tungsten with zinc, making the tungsten soft-solderable.

Borax is often used as a flux for forge welding.

In artisanal gold mining, Borax is sometimes used as part of a process known as the Borax method (as a flux) meant to eliminate the need for toxic mercury in the gold extraction process, although Borax cannot directly replace mercury.

Borax was reportedly used by gold miners in parts of the Philippines in the 1900s.

There is evidence that, in addition to reducing the environmental impact, this method achieves better gold recovery for suitable ores and is less expensive.

This Borax method is used in northern Luzon in the Philippines, but miners have been reluctant to adopt Borax elsewhere for reasons that are not well understood.

The method has also been promoted in Bolivia and Tanzania.

A rubbery polymer sometimes called Slime, Flubber, 'gluep' or 'glurch' (or erroneously called Silly Putty, which is based on silicone polymers), can be made by cross-linking polyvinyl alcohol with Borax.

Making flubber from polyvinyl acetate-based glues, such as Elmer's Glue, and Borax is a common elementary science demonstration.

Borax, given the E number E285, is used as a food additive but this use is banned in some countries, such as Australia, China, Thailand and the United States.

As a consequence, certain foods, such as caviar, produced for sale in the United States contain higher levels of salt to assist preservation.

In addition to Borax's use as a preservative, Borax imparts a firm, rubbery texture to food.

In China, Borax (Chinese: 硼砂; pinyin: péng shā or Chinese: 月石; pinyin: yuè shí) has been found in foods including wheat and rice noodles named lamian (Chinese: 拉面; pinyin: lāmiàn), shahe fen (Chinese: 沙河粉; pinyin: shāhéfěn), char kway teow (Chinese: 粿條; pinyin: guǒ tiáo), and chee cheong fun (Chinese: 肠粉; pinyin: chángfěn).

In Indonesia, Borax is a common, but forbidden, additive to such foods as noodles, bakso (meatballs), and steamed rice.

When consumed with boric acid, numerous studies have demonstrated a negative association between Borax and various types of cancers.

Boric acid and Borax are low in toxicity for acute oral exposures, at approximately the same acute toxicity as salt.

The average dose for asymptomatic ingestion cases, which accounts for 88% of all ingestions, is around 0.9 grams.

However, the range of reported asymptomatic doses is wide, from 0.01 to 88.8 g.

Biocidal Uses:

Borax was previously approved for use as a biocide in the EEA and/or Switzerland, and this approval has now expired, for: wood preservation.

Widespread uses by professional workers:

Borax is used in the following products: lubricants and greases, inks and toners, fertilisers, photo-chemicals, washing & cleaning products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), coating products and laboratory chemicals.

Borax is used in the following areas: building & construction work, agriculture, forestry and fishing, printing and recorded media reproduction and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.

Borax is used for the manufacture of: fabricated metal products, machinery and vehicles and chemicals.

Uses at industrial sites:

Borax is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, welding & soldering products, laboratory chemicals and water treatment chemicals.

Borax has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Borax is used in the following areas: building & construction work and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.

Borax is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement), machinery and vehicles, metals and fabricated metal products.

Release to the environment of Borax can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in processing aids at industrial sites, as processing aid, formulation of mixtures and manufacturing of Borax.

Industry Uses:

Adsorbents and absorbents

Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)

Filler

Finishing agents

Fuels and fuel additives

Intermediates

Lubricants and lubricant additives

Lubricating agent

Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable

Oxidizing/reducing agents

Processing aids, not otherwise listed

Viscosity adjustors

Consumer Uses:

Borax is used in the following products: lubricants and greases, washing & cleaning products, anti-freeze products, heat transfer fluids and adhesives and sealants.

Borax has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Other release to the environment of Borax is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment), outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials), indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).

Other Consumer Uses:

Adhesion/cohesion promoter

Adhesives and sealant chemicals

Adsorbents and absorbents

Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)

Filler

Fixing agent (mordant)

Intermediates

Lubricants and lubricant additives

Oxidizing/reducing agents

Processing aids not otherwise specified

Other uses include:

Borax is used as ingredient in enamel glazes

Borax is used in component of glass, pottery, and ceramics

Borax is used as an additive in ceramic slips and glazes to improve fit on wet, greenware, and bisque

Borax is used in fire retardant

Borax is used in anti-fungal compound for cellulose insulation

Borax is used in othproofing 10% solution for wool

Pulverized for the prevention of stubborn pests (e.g. German cockroaches) in closets, pipe and cable inlets, wall panelling gaps, and inaccessible locations where ordinary pesticides are undesirable

Borax is used in precursor for sodium perborate monohydrate that is used in detergents, as well as for boric acid and other borates

Borax is used in tackifier ingredient in casein, starch and dextrin-based adhesives

Borax is used in precursor for boric acid, a tackifier ingredient in polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol-based adhesives

Borax is used in make indelible ink for dip pens by dissolving shellac into heated Borax

Borax is used in curing agent for snake skins

Curing agent for salmon eggs, for use in sport fishing for salmon

Borax is swimming pool buffering agent to control pH

Neutron absorber, are used in nuclear reactors and spent fuel pools to control reactivity and to shut down a nuclear chain reaction

Borax is used as a micronutrient fertilizer to correct boron-deficient soils

Borax is preservative in taxidermy

Borax is used in color fires with a green tint

Borax is used in traditionally used to coat dry-cured meats such as hams to improve the appearance and discourage flies

Borax is used by blacksmiths in forge welding

Borax is used as a flux for melting metals and alloys in casting to draw out impurities and prevent oxidation

Borax is used as a woodworm treatment (diluted in water)

Borax is used in particle physics as an additive to nuclear emulsion, to extend the latent image lifetime of charged particle tracks.

The first observation of the pion, which was awarded the 1950 Nobel Prize, used this type of emulsion.

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:

Acid and Alkali Cleaning of Metals

Using Disinfectants or Biocides

Farming (Pesticides)

Glass Manufacturing

Chemistry of Borax:

From the chemical perspective, Borax contains the [B4O5(OH)4]2− ion.

In this structure, there are two four-coordinate boron centers and two three-coordinate boron centers.

Borax is a proton conductor at temperatures above 21 °C.

Conductivity is maximum along the b-axis.

Borax is also easily converted to boric acid and other borates, which have many applications.

Borax's reaction with hydrochloric acid to form boric acid is:

Na2B4O7·10H2O + 2 HCl → 4 H3BO3 + 2 NaCl + 5 H2O

rem :Na2B4O5(OH)4·8H2O + 2 HCl → 4 B(OH)3 + 2 NaCl + 5H2O

Borax is sufficiently stable to find use as a primary standard for acid-base titrimetry.

Molten Borax dissolves many metal oxides to form glasses.

This property is important for Borax's uses in metallurgy and for the Borax bead test of qualitative chemical analysis.

Borax is soluble in a variety of solvents; however, Borax is notably insoluble in ethanol.

The term Borax properly refers to the so-called "decahydrate" Na2B4O7·10H2O, but that name is not consistent with Borax's structure.

Borax is actually octahydrate.

The anion is not tetraborate [B4O7]2− but tetrahydroxy tetraborate [B4O5(OH)4]2−, so the more correct formula should be Na2B4O5(OH)4·8H2O.

However, the term may be applied also to the related compounds.

Borax "pentahydrate" has the formula Na2B4O7·5H2O, which is actually a trihydrate Na2B4O5(OH)4·3H2O.

Borax is a colorless solid with a density is 1.880 kg/m3 that crystallizes from water solutions above 60.8 °C in the rhombohedral crystal system.

Borax occurs naturally as the mineral tinkhanite.

Borax can be obtained by heating the decahydrate above 61 °C.

Borax "dihydrate" has the formula Na2B4O7·2H2O, which is actually anhydrous, with the correct formula Na2B4O5(OH)4.

Borax can be obtained by heating the "decahydrate" or "pentahydrate" to above 116-120 °C.

Anhydrous Borax is Borax proper, with formula Na2B4O7.

Borax can be obtained by heating any hydrate to 300 °C.

Borax has one amorphous (glassy) form and three crystalline forms -- α, β, and γ, with melting points of 1015, 993 and 936 K respectively.

α-Na2B4O7 is the stable form.

Natural sources of Borax:

Borax occurs naturally in evaporite deposits produced by the repeated evaporation of seasonal lakes.

The most commercially important deposits are found in: Turkey; Boron, California; and Searles Lake, California.

Also, Borax has been found at many other locations in the Southwestern United States, the Atacama desert in Chile, newly discovered deposits in Bolivia, and in Tibet and Romania.

Borax can also be produced synthetically from other boron compounds.

Naturally occurring Borax (known by the trade name Rasorite–46 in the United States and many other countries) is refined by a process of recrystallization.

Manufacturing Methods of Borax:

Anhydrous Borax is produced from Borax's hydrated forms by fusion.

Calcining is usually an intermediate step in the procsess.

Processing of sodium borate ores by crushing, heating, mechanical separation, selective crystallization, and finally flotation of Borax decahydrate or pentahydrate from the resultant concentrated Borax liquor

Borax containing 5 or 10 molecules of water is produced mainly from sodium-containing borate ores.

The mined ore is crushed and ground before dissolution in a hot recycled aqueous solution containing some Borax.

Insoluble gangue (clay particles) present in the hot slurry is separated off to produce a clear concentrated Borax solution.

Evaporative cooling of this solution to selected temperatures results in crystallization of the desired products, which are then separated from the residual liquor and dried.

General Manufacturing Information of Borax:

Industry Processing Sectors:

Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting

All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing

Miscellaneous Manufacturing

Non-metallic Mineral Product Manufacturing (includes clay, glass, cement, concrete, lime, gypsum, and other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing)

Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable

Pesticide, Fertilizer, and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing

Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Manufacturing

Primary Metal Manufacturing

Services

Utilities

Wholesale and Retail Trade

Wood Product Manufacturing

History of Borax:

Borax was first discovered in dry lake beds in Tibet.

Native tincal from Tibet, Persia, and other parts of Asia was traded via the Silk Road to the Arabian Peninsula in the 8th century AD.

Etymology of Borax:

The English word borax is Latinized: the Middle English form was boras, from Old French boras, bourras.

That may have been from Medieval Latin baurach (another English spelling), borac(-/um/em), borax, along with Spanish borrax (> borraj) and Italian borrace, in the 9th century.

The words tincal and tincar were adopted into English in the 17th century from Malay tingkal and from Urdu/Persian Arabic تنکار‎ tinkār/tankār; thus the two forms in English.

These all appear to be related to the Sanskrit टांकण tānkana.

Handling and storage of Borax:

Advice on safe handling:

Work under hood.

Do not inhale substance/mixture.

Hygiene measures:

Immediately change contaminated clothing.

Apply preventive skin protection.

Wash hands and face after working with substance.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:

Tightly closed.

Keep in a well-ventilated place.

Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.

Storage class:

Storage class (TRGS 510): 6.1D: Non-combustible, acute toxic Cat.3 / toxic hazardous materials or hazardous materials causing chronic effects

Stability and Reactivity of Borax:

Reactivity:

No data available

Chemical stability:

Borax is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).

Possibility of hazardous reactions:

Violent reactions possible with:

Strong oxidising agents

Acids

Metallic salts

First Aid Measures of Borax:

General advice:

Show Borax safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.

After inhalation:

Fresh air.

Call in physician.

In case of skin contact:

Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.

Rinse skin with water/ shower.

Consult a physician.

After eye contact:

Rinse out with plenty of water.

Call in ophthalmologist.

Remove contact lenses.

After swallowing:

Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).

Consult a physician.

Firefighting Measures of Borax:

Suitable extinguishing media:

Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.

Unsuitable extinguishing media:

For Borax/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Special hazards arising from Borax or mixture:

Borane/boron oxides

Sodium oxides

Not combustible.

Ambient fire may liberate hazardous vapours.

Advice for firefighters:

Stay in danger area only with self-contained breathing apparatus.

Prevent skin contact by keeping a safe distance or by wearing suitable protective clothing.

Further information:

Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.

Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

Accidental Release Measures of Borax:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:

Advice for non-emergency personnel:

Avoid inhalation of dusts. Avoid substance contact.

Ensure adequate ventilation.

Evacuate the danger area, observe emergency procedures, consult an expert.

Environmental precautions:

Do not let product enter drains.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:

Cover drains.

Collect, bind, and pump off spills.

Observe possible material restrictions.

Take up carefully.

Dispose of properly.

Clean up affected area.

Avoid generation of dusts.

Cleanup Methods of Borax:

Sweep spilled substance into containers.

Carefully collect remainder, then remove to safe place. (Extra personal protection: P2 filter respirator for harmful particles).

Disposal Methods of Borax:

The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination.

Recycle any unused portion of Borax for Sodium tetraborate's approved use or return Borax to the manufacturer or supplier.

Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider:

Borax's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Identifiers of Borax:

CAS Number: 1303-96-4

ChEBI: CHEBI:86222

ChEMBL: ChEMBL3833375

ChemSpider: 17339255

EC Number: 603-411-9

E number: E285 (preservatives)

KEGG: D03243

PubChem CID: 16211214

RTECS number: VZ2275000

UNII: 91MBZ8H3QO

InChI: InChI=1S/B4O7.2Na.10H2O/c5-1-7-3-9-2(6)10-4(8-1)11-3;;;;;;;;;;;;/h;;;10*1H2/q-2;2*+1;;;;;;;;;;

Key: CDMADVZSLOHIFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1/B4O7.2Na.10H2O/c5-1-7-3-9-2(6)10-4(8-1)11-3;;;;;;;;;;;;/h;;;10*1H2/q-2;2*+1;;;;;;;;;;

Key: CDMADVZSLOHIFP-UHFFFAOYAP

SMILES: [Na+].[Na+].O0B(O)O[B-]1(O)OB(O)O[B-]0(O)O1.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O

Synonym(s): Borax, fused

Linear Formula: Na2B4O7

CAS Number: 1330-43-4

Molecular Weight: 201.22

EC Number: 215-540-4

MDL number: MFCD00081185

PubChem Substance ID: 24853258

CAS number: 1330-43-4

EC index number: 005-011-00-4

EC number: 215-540-4

Hill Formula: B₄Na₂O₇

Chemical formula: Na₂B₄O₇

Molar Mass: 201.22 g/mol

HS Code: 2840 11 00

Quality Level: MQ100

EC / List no.: 215-540-4

CAS no.: 1330-43-4

Mol. formula: B4Na2O7

Properties of Borax:

Chemical formula: Na2B4O5(OH)4·10H2O

Molar mass: 381.36 g·mol−1

Appearance: White or colorless crystalline solid

Density: 1.73 g/cm3 (decahydrate, solid)

Melting point: 743 °C (1,369 °F; 1,016 K) (anhydrous)

75 °C (decahydrate, decomposes)

Boiling point: 1,575 °C (2,867 °F; 1,848 K) (anhydrous)

Solubility in water: 31.7 g/L

Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −85.0·10−6 cm3/mol (anhydrous): p.4.135

Refractive index (nD): n1=1.447, n2=1.469, n3=1.472 (decahydrate): p.4.139

Quality Level: 200

Assay: 99%

Form: solid

mp: 741 °C (lit.)

Density: 2.367 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)

SMILES string: [Na+].[Na+].[O-]B1Ob2ob([O-])ob(O1)o2

InChI: 1S/B4O7.2Na/c5-1-7-3-9-2(6)10-4(8-1)11-3;;/q-2;2*+1

InChI key: UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Density: 2.367 g/cm3 (20 °C)

Melting Point: 741 °C

pH value: 9.2 (25 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)

Vapor pressure: 7.3 hPa (1200 °C)

Bulk density: 700 kg/m3

Solubility: 25.6 g/l

Molecular Weight: 201.2 g/mol

Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0

Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 7

Rotatable Bond Count: 0

Exact Mass: 201.9811616 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass: 201.9811616 g/mol

Topological Polar Surface Area: 92.3Å²

Heavy Atom Count: 13

Complexity: 121

Isotope Atom Count: 0

Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3

Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Borax:

Assay (acidimetric): ≥ 98.0 %

Chloride (Cl): ≤ 0.001 %

Phosphate (PO₄): ≤ 0.002 %

Sulfate (SO₄): ≤ 0.005 %

Heavy metals (as Pb): ≤ 0.002 %

Ca (Calcium): ≤ 0.005 %

Fe (Iron): ≤ 0.001 %

Structure of Borax:

Crystal structure: Monoclinic, mS92, No. 15

Space group: C2/c

Point group: 2/m

Lattice constant:

a = 1.1885 nm, b = 1.0654 nm, c = 1.2206 nm

α = 90°, β = 106.623°°, γ = 90°

Lattice volume (V): 1.4810 nm3

Formula units (Z): 4

BORAX

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