COPPER OXYCHLORIDE
Copper oxychloride is a protectant fungicide and bactericide used as a foliar spray for the control of fungal and bacterial diseases in fruit and vegetable crops, citrus, stone fruit, pome fruit, and ornamentals.
Copper(II) ions (Cu2+) are taken up by the spores during germination and accumulate until a sufficiently high concentration is achieved to kill the spore cell, with activity limited to the prevention of spore germination.
Excess copper in plants causes physiological alterations that lead to crop productivity losses, but cupric fungicides have been effectively used in the control of Alternaria solani and Phytophthora infestans, which cause early blight and late blight in potato, respectively.
CAS Number: 1332-40-7
EC Number: 215-572-9
Molecular Formula: Cl2Cu4H12O6
Molecular Mass: 427.14
Synonyms: Basic copper chloride, Cl2Cu.3CuH2O2, copper oxychloride, AldrichCPR, DTXSID6034348, 8310AF, 1332-40-7, 1332-65-6, 215-572-9, basic copper chloride, Chlorure hydroxyde de cuivre(2+) (1:3:2), copper chloride oxide hydrate, copper oxychloride, Copper(2+) chloride hydroxide (2:1:3), dicopper(II) chloride trihydroxide, Kupfer(2+)chloridhydroxid (2:1:3), Kupfer(2+)chloridhydroxid(2:1:3), tribasic copper chloride, 8012-69-9 [RN], Agrizan, Areeco, Areecop, ATACAMITE, Blitox, Blitox 50, Blue Copper, Blue Copper 50, Bordeaux A, Bordeaux Z, ChemNut 50, Chemocin, Chloride, Cobox, Cobox Blue, Cobrex, Colloidox, Copen, Copper chloride hydroxide, Copper chloride oxide, hydrate, Copper chloride oxide, hydrate (9CI), Copper chloride, basic, Copper chloride, mixed with copper oxide, hydrate, Copper chloroxide, Copper OC fungicide, Copper oxychloride, Copper oxychloride sulfate, Copper(II) chloride hydroxide (8CI), Copper(II) chloride oxide hydrate (9CI), Coppercide, Copperthom, Coppesan, Coppesan Blue, Coprantol, Coprex, Coprosan Blue, Cupral 45, Cupramer, Cuprargos, Cuprasol, Cupravit, Cupravit Green, Cupravit-Forte, Cupric oxide chloride, Cupricol, Cupritox, Cuprokylt, Cuprokylt L, Cuprosan Blue, Cuprovit, Cuprox, Cuproxol, Demildex, dicopper, Dicopper chloride trihydroxide, DICOPPER(2+) ION CHLORIDE TRIHYDROXIDE, dicopper;chloride;trihydroxide, dicupric chloride trihydroxide, ER, Faligruen, Funguran, Fyco, Fycol 8, Fycop, Fycop 40A, Fytolan, H 200A, Hokko Cupra Super, Kauritil, Kupferoxychlorid, Kupferoxychlorid, Kupricol, Kuprikol, MACC, Maccppper, Microco, Microcop, Miedzian, Miedzian 50, Oxicob, Oxivor, Oxychlorue de cuivre, Oxychlorue de cuivre, Oxychlorure de cuivre, Oxychlorure de cuivre, Oxyclor, Oxycur, Parryco, Parrycop, pBlitox, pCopper oxychloride, Peprosan, pFycop 40A, pMiedzian, Pol-kupritox, pPeprosan, Reco, Recop, Tamraghol, Tetracopper hexahydroxide sulfate, tetracupric hexahydroxide sulfate, Tricop 50, trihydroxide, Turbair Copper Fungicide, UNII:76712031PG, UNII-76712031PG, UNII-IF628703RE, Viricuivre, Vitigran, Vitigran Blue, Agrizan, Areecop, Blitox, Blitox 50, Blue Copper, Blue Copper 50, Bordeaux A, Bordeaux Z, ChemNut 50, Chemocin, Cobox, Cobox Blue, Cobrex, Colloidox, Copen, Copper OC fungicide, Copper chloride oxide, hydrate, Copper chloride, basic, Copper chloroxide, Copper oxychloride [ISO], Copper(II) chloride hydroxide (8CI), Copper(II) chloride oxide hydrate (9CI), Coppercide, Copperthom, Coppesan, Coppesan Blue, Coprantol, Coprex, Coprosan Blue, Cozib 62, Cupral 45, Cupramer, Cuprargos, Cuprasol, Cupravit, Cupravit Green, Cupravit-Forte, Cupric oxide chloride, Cupricol, Cupritox, Cuprokylt, Cuprokylt L, Cuprosan Blue, Cuprovit, Cuprox, Cuproxol, Demildex, Dicopper chloride trihydroxide, Faligruen, Funguran, Fycol 8, Fycop, Fycop 40A, Fytolan, H 200A, Hokko Cupra Super, KT 35, Kauritil, Kupferoxychlorid, Kupricol, Kuprikol, Maccppper, Microcop, Miedzian, Miedzian 50, Ob 21, Oxicob, Oxivor, Oxychlorue de cuivre, Oxychlorure de cuivre, Oxyclor, Oxycur, Parrycop, Peprosan, Recop, Tamraghol, Tricop 50, Turbair Copper Fungicide, Viricuivre, Vitigran, Vitigran Blue, Copper (II) oxychloride
Copper oxychloride is widely used copper fungicide.
Copper oxychloride has a low aqueous solubility and a low volatility.
Copper oxychloride as a heavy metal, copper itself will not degrade in the environment.
Copper oxychloride is moderately toxic to mammals and most biodiversity.
Copper oxychloride has been used as an agricultural fungicide, a pigment in pyrotechnics, and as a catalyst
A protectant copper fungicide and bactericide used as a foliar spray
Copper Oxychloride is for the control of fungal and bacterial diseases in fruit and vegetable crops, citrus, stone fruit, pome fruit and ornamentals.
Foliar fungicide with protective action.
Copper(II) ions ( Cu2+) are taken up by the spores during germination and accumulate until a sufficiently high concentration is achieved to kill the spore cell.
Activity is limited to the prevention of spore germination.
Excess copper in plants causes physiological alterations that lead to crop productivity losses.
However, cupric fungicides have been utilized in the control of Alternaria solani and Phytophtora infestans fungi, which cause early blight and late blight in potato, respectively.
Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of different copper oxychloride levels on potato plants through some biochemical and physiological parameters.
The fungicide was applied at the recommended level (2.50 g L−1), at a reduced level (1.25 g L−1), and at 5.00 g L−1, to simulate spraying in the field twice during the same period with the recommended level.
The results revealed that superoxide dismutase protected plants against oxidative stress at the beginning of the cycle since lipoperoxide levels were low in that period.
In addition, increased SOD activity positively correlated with increased usable leaf area for photosynthesis, photosynthetic effectiveness, and growth relative to pre-existing dry matter.
Concomitantly, there was a negative correlation between lipoperoxide levels and LAR and RGR.
Plants randomly sprayed twice in the same period with the level recommended for potato crop protection in the field do not present damage regarding their development.
However, additional studies are needed in order to reduce the use of copper fungicides in the control of early and late blight in potato crop production, then decreasing the release of copper in the environment.
Effects of the Fungicide Copper Oxychloride on the Growth and Reproduction of Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta)
The article describes a laboratory experiment to determine the effect of copper oxychloride on the earthworm Eisenia fetida.
Copper oxychloride was used because Copper oxychloride is the most commonly used fungicide in South African vineyards but not much is known about Copper oxychloride toxicity to earthworms.
In an experiment lasting 8 weeks, newly hatched earthworms of the species E. fetida were exposed to copper oxychloride mixed into a urine-free cattle manure substrate.
Four groups of 10 worms were used per concentration level (control (4.02), 8.92, 15.92, 39.47, 108.72, 346.85 mg Cu kg substrate(-1)).
The following life-history parameters were measured: earthworm growth in consecutive weeks, survival rate, maturation time, cocoon production, reproduction success, total number of hatchlings produced, and incubation time.
Earthworm growth and cocoon production were significantly reduced at copper oxychloride exposure concentrations of 8.92 mg kg(-1) and higher.
Reproduction success in the 8.92 mg Cu kg substrate(-1) was highest.
From an exposure concentration of 15. 92 mg Cu kg substrate(-1) and higher, there was a considerable impact of copper oxychloride on reproduction.
This could be seen from a reduced reproduction success, a reduced mean and maximum number of hatchlings per cocoon, and a longer incubation time, indicating a strong effect of low copper oxychloride concentrations on this earthworm species.
Process for the preparation of copper oxychloride:
The invention relates to a process for the preparation of copper oxychloride by reaction of metallic copper and copper(II) chloride in aqueous solution in the presence of a gas phase containing at least oxygen, the gas phase being brought to a maximum water content of 10 g/m<3> before being introduced into the aqueous system.
Process for the preparation of copper peroxychloride The invention relates to a process for the production of copper oxychloride by reacting metallic Copper and copper-IT chloride in the aqueous system in the presence of at least oxygen containing gas phase.
As is well known The fungicidal effectiveness of copper oxychloride increases with decreasing particle size.
Taking into account other criteria such as processing ability in the manufacturing process and in the preparation of spray mixtures, plant compatibility, Adhesion strength to the plant, proves a particle size of the copper oxychloride in the range of 1-3 µm as particularly suitable.
In practice, this particle size becomes often indirectly via the ability of the finely divided copper oxychloride to float in a liquid medium determined.
In the manufacture of copper oxychloride, which is used as a pesticide is suitable, and should meet the criteria given above, significant occurred so far Fluctuations in quality.
Powders with a non-uniform grain distribution were often produced and in particular with a high proportion of coarser particles that is no longer acceptable obtain.
The cause for these quality fluctuations was not yet known task the invention was to show a process for the production of copper oxychloride, the one suitable product for plant protection according to the criteria given above supplies.
In particular, Copper oxychloride was an object of the invention to produce copper oxychloride, Whose particles are in any case predominantly in the range of 1-3 µm or Copper oxychloride ability to float in a liquid medium of the particle size distribution according to the task is equivalent to.
Copper oxychloride has now been found that the quality of the copper oxychloride from The water content of the gas phase containing at least oxygen is also determined.
Surprisingly copper oxychloride, which meets the quality requirements mentioned above, is always used then obtained if the at least oxygen-containing gas phase before introduction in the aqueous system 3 has a water content which does not exceed 10 g / m 2 The invention relates to a process for the production of copper oxychloride by reacting metallic copper and copper (II) chloride in the aqueous system in the presence of at least oxygen-containing gas phase, which is characterized is that the gas phase containing at least oxygen before being introduced into the aqueous system when the water content exceeds 10 g / m 2 to a water content of a maximum of 10 g / m is brought.
The water content is preferably limited to a value of at most 4 g / m³ set.
The specified volume size of the gas phase relates to the pressure and temperature of the surrounding atmosphere.
As a gas phase containing at least oxygen, alone for cost reasons, preferably air is used.
However, other oxygen-containing gas mixtures can also be used are used, provided they do not contain accompanying substances that affect the formation reaction of copper oxychloride are detrimental.
The oxygen content of the gas phase is not in itself a critical variable.
If desired, Copper oxychloride can be up to 100% by volume.
Copper oxychloride is preferably in the range which is given by the oxygen content of the surrounding atmosphere.
The copper oxychloride to be prepared according to the invention can by Molecular formula Cu4 (OH) 6Cl2 can be characterized.
Copper oxychloride is produced by putting metallic copper in an aqueous copper-II-chloride solution in the presence of, oxygen is converted to the target product.
The metallic copper is expediently rich in surface area as possible Shape, e.g. B. in the form of chips, Dräbtexl, lamellas and the like., Used.
The metallic copper is covered with an aqueous copper (II) chloride solution, their concentration preferably in the range from 2% by weight to 6% by weight, based on the amount of Knpfer fI ions is.
The easiest way to get oxygen is by introducing a vigorous one Air or oxygen flow into the copper (II) chloride solution, which is the metallic Copper covered, at the bottom Part or at the bottom of the reaction vessel introduced into the reaction system, with the pressure and volume regulation of the gas flow is advantageously carried out so that the reaction mixture by the flowing gas in the brisk movement is maintained.
The water content of the gas phase containing at least oxygen is now according to the invention from the introduction into the reaction system to a content from 0-10 g H2O / m³, preferably 0-4 g H2O / m³.
To investigate the water content of the gas phase, the already previously known methods for the quantitative determination of water in gases are used will.
Gas chromatography is an example.
Often, however, Copper oxychloride is already sufficient to change the temperature of the gas phase and to convince the given saturation pressure of water in the gas phase, that the water content that can be obtained according to the invention is not exceeded.
Any method can be used to dry the gas phase as required be carried out, which are known to the person skilled in the art: For example, drying by passing the oxygen-containing gas phase over desiccants known per se take place.
In addition to absorption and adsorption methods, des To reduce or remove the water content of the gas phase by condensation.
The inventive method is preferably used when printing the surrounding atmosphere, i.e. at 1 bar or about 1 bar :: nd at temperatures of Reaction mixture carried out from 10 ° C to 50 ° t.
Copper oxychloride succeeds reproducibly copper oxychloride produce that meet the requirements for use as a plant protection agent will.
The quality of the copper oxychloride can be determined by Copper oxychloride ability to float of the product in a liquid medium to be assessed for this is the sediment volume the suspension of a given amount of copper oxychloride measured per unit of time.
The measurand used in the following for the levitation is SF defined as ml sediment volume x 100 after a sedimentation time of 60 sec, measured on a suspension of 500 mg of copper oxychloride in 100 ml of water.
An SF value of 3 can be seen as an upper limit that is still tolerable.
The invention will now be explained using an example and a comparative example explained in more detail: Example 3000 kg of metallic copper in the form of wire and sheet metal were in a cylindrical reaction vessel with a height of 3.6 m and a capacity of 20,000 liters with 3000 l of a copper-IT-chloride solution (density D420 = 1.24) and 10,000 l of water poured over.
Thanks to the nozzles arranged evenly over the entire bottom of the vessel air with a water content of 2 g H2O / m3 was then introduced, the amount of air being was regulated in such a way that the reaction mixture always remained in lively motion, without however to foam over.
After the dissolved copper chloride was consumed, that became The resulting copper oxychloride was separated off and dried.
The floatability of the obtained product became as follows determined: A test tube with a capacity of approx. 120 ml was used, eat the upper width 3 cm, which was conical in the lower part and in an approx. 5 cm long narrower, tube provided with 0.01 ml calibrations ended.
In this test pipe a Suspension of 0.5 g of copper oxychloride and 0.05 g of calcium lignosulfonate in 100 ml Given water.
Copper oxychloride was first shaken vigorously again and then leave the arrangement to itself.
After 60 seconds a sediment volume of 0.01 ml measured, corresponding to a floating capacity of SF = 1.
Comparative example The procedure according to the example was repeated, with the modification that the air passed through has a water content of 20 g H2O / m3 exhibited.
For the copper oxychloride obtained, a suspended ability of SF = 34 determined.
Use of Copper oxychloride:
Copper oxychloride is used for PPP in Copper oxychloride original form (in which Copper oxychloride is delivered to user).
Copper oxychloride purpose is to protect plants against harmful organisms or to prevent the activity of such organisms in the open-air, and for the purpose of use in production under protection (greenhouses).
Copper oxychloride is used as a fungicide of Copper oxychloride:
Copper oxychloride is used on listed vegetables, ornamentals, and fruit trees to kill Anthracnose, Blight, Fire blight, and Peach leaf curl.
Features and Benefits of Copper oxychloride:
Economical control of a wide range of fungal and bacterial diseases in many crops and situations
pH neutral product and ultra-fine particle size with majority of particles less than or equal to 2-micron diameter
Free flowing product for easy mixing and application
Copper oxychloride can be applied in tank mixes with a wide range of other chemicals and/or fertilisers, though use caution with alkaline products
Formulation and application details of Copper oxychloride:
Usually supplied as a soluble concentrate or wettable powder that is mixed with water and applied as a spray
Efficacy & activity of Copper oxychloride:
Copper based products have been shown to be affective against many fungal pathogens in field trials.
Identifiers
Pesticide type: Fungicide, Repellent
Substance groups: Inorganic compound
Minimum active substance purity: >569 6/Kg total copper
Known relevant impurities: EU 2018 dossier: May contain heavy metals including Pb, Cd, As, Ni, CO, Sb & Hg
Substance origin: Natural
Mode of action: Absorbed copper disrupts the enzyme systems of pathogens. Multi-site activity.
CAS RN: 1332-40-7
EC number: 215-572-9
CIPAC number: 44.602
US EPA chemical code: -
PubChem CID: 18629822
Molecular mass: 427.14
PIN (Preferred Identification Name): dicopper(II) chloride trihydroxide
IUPAC name: dicopper chloride trioxide
CAS name: copper chloride hydroxide
Other status information: -
Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards: -
Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC): Not applicable
Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA): Not applicable
Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC): Not applicable
Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC): M01
Examples of recorded resistance: -
Physical state: Blue-green powder
Properties of Copper oxychloride:
Molecular weight:427.1.
Physical form:Green to bluish-green powder.
Composition:Contains 57% Cu++.
Melting point:decomp. 300 °C;
Vapour pressure:Negligible at 20 °C;
Solubility:In water <10-5 mg/l (pH 7, 20 °C).
Insoluble in organic solvents.
Soluble in dilute acids, forming Cu(II) salts;
soluble in ammonium hydroxide, forming a complex ion.;
Stability:Very stable in neutral media.
Decomposes on heating in alkaline media with the formation of copper oxides.
Decomposes on heating, with the formation of copper oxides, and loss of hydrogen chloride.
Green to bluish-green powder; apparent density 420-520 g/l.
Composition of product varies with conditions of manufacture but generally 56%-58% copper.
Both strongly corrosive to iron, galvanized iron.
Soluble in ammonium hydroxide solutions.
Soluble with decomposition in dilute acids.
Molecular Weight: 433.18
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 6
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 431.71767
Monoisotopic Mass: 429.71948
Topological Polar Surface Area: 6 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 12
Complexity: 5.5
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 10
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
