MANDELIC ACID
Mandelic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) derived from bitter almonds.
Mandelic acid is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water and polar organic solvents.
Mandelic acid is a 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid and a member of benzenes.
CAS Number: 90-64-2
EC Number: 202-007-6
Chemical Formula: C8H8O3
Molar Mass: 152.149 g·mol−1
Synonyms: Hydroxy(phenyl)acetic acid, 2-Hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid, Mandelic acid, Phenylglycolic acid, α-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid, MANDELIC ACID, dl-Mandelic acid90-64-2, 2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid, 611-72-3, Phenylglycolic acid, Amygdalic acid, Paramandelic acid, Racemic mandelic acid, Almond acid, Uromaline, p-Mandelic acid, (RS)-Mandelic acid, 2-Phenylglycolic acid, Hydroxy(phenyl)acetic acid, Phenylhydroxyacetic acid, Glycolic acid, phenyl-, alpha-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid, Kyselina mandlova, 2-Phenyl-2-hydroxyacetic acid, DL-Hydroxy(phenyl)acetic acid, (+/-)-mandelic acid, 2-hydroxy-2-phenyl-acetic acid, Benzeneacetic acid, alpha-hydroxy-, NSC 7925, Benzeneacetic acid, .alpha.-hydroxy-, (+/-)-alpha-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid, .alpha.-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid, alpha-Hydroxy-alpha-toluic acid, NSC-7925, NH496X0UJX, CHEBI:35825, (+-)-alpha-Hydroxybenzeneacetic acid, alpha-Hydroxybenzeneacetic acid, .alpha.-Hydroxy-.alpha.-toluic acid, .alpha.-Toluic acid, .alpha.-hydroxy-, Ammonium mandelate, (+)-Mandelate, XXI, Acido mandelico, (+-)-Mandelic acid, Benzeneacetic acid, alpha-hydroxy-, homopolymer, 32518-00-6, Benzeneacetic acid, .alpha.-hydroxy-, (.+/-.)-, mandelic-acid, 2-Hydroy-2-phenylacetic acid, Mandelic acid, DL-Amygdalic Acid, DL-Mandelicacid, DL-2-Hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid, Kyselina mandlova [Czech], (+-)-2-Hydroxy-2-phenylethanoic acid, alpha-Toluic acid, alpha-hydroxy-, (+-)-alpha-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid, EINECS 202-007-6, EINECS 210-277-1, UNII-NH496X0UJX, 2-Hydroxy-2-phenylethanoic acid, acidomandelico, alpha-Hydroxybenzeneacetic acid, (+-)-, AI3-06293, Kyselina 2-fenyl-2-hydroxyethanova [Czech], MFCD00004495, MFCD00064251, Benzoglycolic acid, Phenylacetic acid, alpha-hydroxy-, NCGC00166022-01, l(+)mandelic acid, (+) mandelic acid, (+)-mandelic acid, PPCM, SAMMA, hyroxyphenylacetic acid, Pregabalin Impurity C, (+/-)-alpha-Hydroxybenzeneacetic acid, Mandelic acid, 99%, (-)-Mandelate, XX, hydroxyphenyl acetic acid, 81432-25-9, Benzeneacetic acid, .alpha.-hydroxy-, (.alpha.R)-, Pregabalin EP Impurity C, WLN: QYR&VQ, hydroxy-phenyl-acetic acid, Mandelic acid, >=99%, DL-Mandelic acid, 99%, MANDELIC ACID, SCHEMBL1050, (.+/-.)-Mandelic acid, CHEMBL1609, (+)-Phenylhydroxyacetic acid, (?)-Phenylhydroxyacetic acid, 2-Hydroxy-2-phenylaceticacid, MLS001074208, .alpha.-Phenylhydroxyacetic acid, DTXSID6023234, BDBM92715, NSC7925, Mandelic acid condensation polymer, 2-oxidanyl-2-phenyl-ethanoic acid, HMS2230F19, HMS3371M20, HMS3373A03, (2rs)-hydroxy(phenyl)ethanoic acid, BBL028097, MFCD00064250, s3363, STL283951, AKOS000118795, AKOS016050628, CS-W016307, DB13218, HY-W015591, KS-1423, NCGC00166023-01, NCGC00166269-01, (.+/-.)-alpha-Hydroxybenzeneacetic acid, AC-12228, SMR000653543, SY001645, SY001670, DB-016128, DB-016158, DS-000887, AM20060842, FT-0600010, FT-0601504, FT-0625487, FT-0628148, M0038, Benzeneacetic acid, .alpha.-hydroxy-, ( )-, Benzeneacetic acid, .alpha.-hydroxy-, (S)-, EN300-19482, PHENYLACETIC ACID, .ALPHA.--HYDROXY-, A19434, DL-Mandelic acid, analytical reference material, MLS-0090887.0001, A833072, AE-562/40233036, Q412293, (2RS)-2-Hydroxy-2-phenylacetic Acid (Mandelic Acid), GLYCOPYRRONIUM BROMIDE IMPURITY C, Mandelic Acid ((2RS)-2-Hydroxy-2-phenylacetic Acid), 14A53E4A-8315-42A7-9D60-DE06CCBB1AF9, F2191-0202, HOMATROPINE HYDROBROMIDE IMPURITY C, Z104473974, HOMATROPINE METHYLBROMIDE IMPURITY C, Mandelic acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP), Mandelic acid, (2RS)-2-Hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid, ?-Hydroxy-Benzeneacetic acid
Mandelic acid is chiral.
Mandelic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) derived from bitter almonds.
Mandelic acid is even aptly named after the German word for almond: mandel, board-certified dermatologist Adeline Kikam, DO, tells Allure.
Among Mandelic acid fellow AHAs, like glycolic and lactic acids, mandelic acid has one of the largest particle sizes, allowing Mandelic acid to absorb into skin more "slowly, uniformly, and superficially,".
Mandelic acid also stays on the surface of skin longer.
Mandelic acid is also one of the best acid selections for those with darker complexions because Mandelic acid isn't melanotoxic.
In other words, Mandelic acid doesn't kill melanocytes and won't exacerbate discoloration.
Instead, Mandelic acid will decrease the appearance of dark spots due to acne, sun exposure, or otherwise in all the right ways
Mandelic acid peels are considered well-tolerated in patients of color with less risk of hyperpigmentation, photosensitivity, and scarring compared to other AHAs, like glycolic acid.
Despite Mandelic acid's larger particle size, mandelic acid also delves deeper into skin than other AHAs because Mandelic acid 's oil-soluble.
Mandelic acid is an aromatic alpha hydroxy acid with the molecular formula C6H5CH(OH)CO2H.
Mandelic acid is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water and polar organic solvents.
Mandelic acid is one of beneficial ingredients.
While there's not a lot of research on this alpha hydroxy acid (AHA), Mandelic acid is thought to be gentle on the skin and may help with acne, skin texture, hyperpigmentation, and the effects of aging.
Mandelic acid is derived from bitter almonds.
Mandelic acid is an AHA that's been mostly studied for use with acne.
Other types of AHAs found in skin care lines include glycolic acid and citric acid.
Mandelic acid is a 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which two of the methyl hydrogens are substituted by phenyl and hydroxyl groups.
Mandelic acid has a role as an antibacterial agent and a human xenobiotic metabolite.
Mandelic acid is a 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid and a member of benzenes.
Mandelic acid is functionally related to an acetic acid.
Mandelic acid is a conjugate acid of a mandelate.
Mandelic acid is an approved aromatic, alpha hydroxy acid.
Mandelic acid is an aromatic AHA with the molecular formula C8H8O3.
Mandelic acid is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water and most common organic solvents.
Mandelic acid can be combined with SA for the treatment of acne vulgaris.
Naturally derived from bitter almonds, Mandelic Acid is a gentler alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that targets acne, age spots, discoloration and wrinkles without the typical irritation that can trigger post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation especially in darker skin tones.
Mandelic acid undergoes resolution to form (+)- and (-)-enantiomers that are widely used as chiral resolving agents in enantioseparation of various other racemates via salt formation.
Mandelic acid is also known as amygdalic acid
An alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that can exfoliate skin.
Generally more tolerable for those with sensitive skin.
Must be in opaque packaging to maintain Mandelic acid's effectiveness.
Mandelic acid is a type of alpha hydroxy acid (AHA).
There’s some research showing mandelic acid is an effective exfoliant, although Mandelic acid ’s not as effective as glycolic acid due to Mandelic acid larger size (Mandelic acid ’s twice as big as glycolic acid) and slower penetration into skin.
These traits can also make mandelic acid more tolerable for those with sensitive skin.
Unlike glycolic acid, mandelic acid is light-sensitive and must be packaged in an opaque container to remain effective.
Mandelic acid may be synthetic or derived from almonds.
Like other AHAs, mandelic acid is most effective in leave-on products that are within a 3-4 pH range.
Mandelic acid and salicylic acid worked well together in a higher-strength peel for use on darker skin tones struggling with discolorations, including post-acne marks.
Mandelic acid can increase sebum (oil) production, which isn’t great for oily skin but would be a benefit for dry skin.
Mandelic acid is a superficial chemical peel that typically has comparatively fewer side effects and less downtime than other chemical peels and can be both safe and effective for several skin conditions.
Mandelic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) derived from bitter almonds, but is more gentle than some of the other AHAs like glycolic acid and lactic acid.
AHAs work by exfoliating the layers of dead skin away by breaking the bonds between cells to reveal brighter, clearer skin as well as help to clear pores and create a more even tone.
Mandelic acid has a unique chemical structure, which results in a more uniform penetration through lipid-rich areas of the skin.
The desired effects of mandelic acid tend to be subtler than those of glycolic acid chemical peels.
Mandelic acid chemical peels are easier to recover from — and their side effects tend to be less pronounced — than their glycolic acid counterparts.
Additionally, mandelic acid chemical peels are just as useful for treating acne as salicylic acid chemical peels while being much less likely to cause side effects.
A salicylic-mandelic acid-based peel showed significant improvements in acne lesions.
Along with other acid-based chemical peels, mandelic acid chemical peels do not penetrate very deeply into the skin to achieve their effects.
Chemical peels of this variety are known as superficial peels.
Mandelic acid has a larger molecular structure than other acids, such as glycolic and salicylic, so Mandelic acid does not penetrate as deeply.
Mandelic acid is not some new, top-secret ingredient we've never heard before.
Mandelic acid is another form of an ingredient we've come to know and love for our skin.
Mandelic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA).
AHAs are good for the skin, as they work to loosen connections between impacted surface skin cells (called desmosomes) to allow the cells to shed naturally leading to a fresher, brighter complexion.
Mandelic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid derived from almonds.
All AHAs function to exfoliate the skin (and increase sun sensitivity, so sunscreen is a key part of using any AHA regimen).
Mandelic acid is usually found in combination with other products, and functions to improve skin texture via exfoliation.
Mandelic acid's molecular structure is what makes it so unique.
Larger in molecular weight compared to glycolic acid (another type of AHA) so Mandelic acid may be gentler on skin as it penetrates more slowly.
Mandelic acid belongs to a group of alpha hydroxyl acids (AHA).
Mandelic acid has exfoliating, antibacterial and anti-aging effects.
Works to accelerate cell turnover for a youthful complexion.
Mandelic acid has a higher molecular mass in comparison to glycolic acid, Mandelic acid has considerably milder effect and is safe.
Mandelic acid does not make the skin sensitive to sun.
Mandelic is an aromatic alpha hydroxy acid (AHA).
Although originally derived from amygdalin, an extract from almonds, most mandelic acid today is synthetically produced.
Because of Mandelic acid's larger molecular structure relative to other AHAs like glycolic acid, mandelic acid is known to have slower penetration into the skin, which in part moderates its irritation potential to the skin.
By implication, the speed of action from a mandelic acid application may be slower or more gradual than some other AHA acids, and Mandelic acid use may be more appropriate for sensitive skin applications.
Mandelic acid is naturally derived from bitter almonds, and Mandelic acid works by gently exfoliating the skin.
Mandelic acid loosens the bonds that hold dead cells on the surface of the skin allowing, them to shed more effectively.
What sets mandelic acid apart from its AHA cousins is the size of Mandelic acid molecules.
Mandelic acid's molecules are larger than any of the other alpha hydroxy acids used in skincare.
Mandelic acid's molecules are twice the size compared to glycolic acid.
Mandelic acid's larger molecules penetrate the skin much more slowly than smaller molecule counterparts.
This slow absorption means Mandelic acid is much more gentle and much less likely to cause skin irritation.
Just because mandelic acid is slow-absorbing doesn't mean that you'll feel Mandelic acid "sitting" on your skin.
Mandelic acid just means Mandelic acid will penetrate the skin's layers at a much slower pace than glycolic acid will, for instance.
The slow absorption is all happening at the molecular level.
The biggest benefit of mandelic acid is Mandelic acid's gentle nature.
Other AHAs and topical retinoids may work faster, and generally be more effective, but not all skin types can handle these products.
For more sensitive skin types, mandelic acid is a very good option.
Derived from the bitter almond, Mandelic acid is a gentle yet highly effective alpha hydroxy acid (AHA).
Mandelic Acid is an alpha hydroxy acid, or AHA, derived from bitter almonds but Mandelic acid is more gentle than some other AHAs like Lactic and
Glycolic because Mandelic acid molecules are much bigger, meaning they don’t penetrate the skin quite as quickly or as deeply.
AHAs work by exfoliating the layers of dead skin away by breaking the bonds between cells to reveal a clearer and brighter complexion while improving the skin’s overall tone and texture.
If you’re new to acids and don’t want to deal with any flakiness, redness or irritation, then Mandelic Acid is a great one to start with.
Mandelic Acid is an Alpha Hydroxy Acid (AHA found naturally in almonds).
Mandelic acid is more oil soluble compared with most AHAs so Mandelic acid ’s ideal for oily, acne-prone skin.
Mandelic acid is an AHA that comes from bitter almond
An optically active crystalline hydroxy acid C8H8O3 that is obtainable in the levorotatory D-form from amygdalin by hydrolysis but is usually made in the racemic form by reaction of benzaldehyde with hydrocyanic acid and then hydrochloric acid and that is used chiefly in the form of Mandelic acid salts as a bacteriostatic agent for genitourinary tract infections.
Mandelic acid is a type of alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that’s derived from bitter almonds.
Mandelic acid is a powerful ingredient which can help to supercharge your skincare routine when Mandelic acid needs a boost.
Like other types of AHAs Mandelic acid works by exfoliating the skin.
Mandelic acid is gentler compared to glycolic acid because its molecule size is twice as big, so Mandelic acid takes longer to penetrate the skin.
Finally, like all acids, mandelic has the tendency to make skin sensitive to UVA rays, so wearing an SPF during the day is non-negotiable if you want to keep hold of your glow.
Mandelic acid also especially good for those with darker skintones who are genetically prone to pigmentation and melasma.
Mandelic acid works really well when paired with vitamin C.
Encapsulated retinaldehyde are also a good match, along with peptides and antioxidants.
Mandelic acid belongs to the alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) family.
Extracted from bitter almonds, this naturally derived acid has been shown to improve all skin types from oily and acne prone to mature, sensitive and everything in between.
Best known for Mandelic acid exfoliation capability, mandelic acid is gentler than its fellow AHAs, glycolic and lactic acids.
Mandelic acid is soluble which allows it to not only exfoliate the surface of your skin but work deeper down on your pores as well.
The molecular weight of mandelic acid is 152.1 daltons which is larger than other alpha hydroxy acids (glycolic acid is 76.0 daltons, for example).
This larger size allows mandelic acid to penetrate the skin more slowly which in turn makes Mandelic acid very gentle and suitable for all skin types including the most sensitive skin.
You don't need a concentration of more than 10%, because then you would simply be achieving an indirect peeling strength that is more easily offered through lower percentages of glycolic acid.
Mandelic acid is an alpha hydroxyl acid derived from bitter almonds but is less irritating to the skin compared to Glycolic acid.
Mandelic acid has a larger molecular weight that sits on the surface of the skin and gently exfoliates without irritating the skin.
Mandelic acid helps to exfoliate dead skin cells and promotes skin cell turnover, lightens blemishes and dark spots, fights skin ageing and results in brighter, even-toned and healthier, radiant skin.
Additional key ingredients like Panthenol, Centella Asiatica Extract and Beta-Glucan soothes and moisturizes the skin even after exfoliation.
Mandelic Acid is a water-soluble alpha hydroxy acid derived from bitter almonds.
This gentle exfoliant is rich in antioxidants and has antibacterial properties.
Mandelic Acid helps even out textured skin from hyperpigmentation, and fights against free-radical damage.
Mandelic acid is a powerful ally and the best acid for acne.
Mandelic Acid works wonderfully bringing peace to problematic skin.
This alpha-hydroxy-acid, Mandelic Acid, is a larger molecule than its close relative, glycolic acid.
Due to the larger molecule size, Mandelic Acid is drastically less irritative to the skin.
Mandelic acid is a lipophilic alpha hydroxyacid (AHA) with known antibacterial properties.
Mandelic acid is an increasingly popular alpha hydroxy acid derived from the hydrolysis of an extract of bitter almonds.
Mandelic acid is naturally derived from bitter almonds.
Mandelic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that is used to exfoliate the skin.
Mandelic acid designed to treat acne, hyperpigmentation, and fight the signs of ageing.
If you’re a newbie to the world of exfoliants Mandelic acid’s probably the best one to try first since Mandelic acid is the most gentle of all the alpha-hydroxy acids.
The biggest benefit of mandelic acid is its gentle nature.
Other AHAs and topical Retinoids may work faster but not all skin types and skin conditions can handle these products.
Remember that in order to achieve great results you need to be consistent with your skin care routine and most of all patience.
Mandelic Acid And Glycolic Acid:
Glycolic acid is another AHA that's widely used in many skin care products.
Mandelic acid's derived from sugar cane and is effective at exfoliating skin, reducing fine lines, and preventing acne.
Glycolic has the smallest molecular weight amongst all the AHAs, and thus penetrates the skin more easily.
For this reason, glycolic acid may be more irritating to the skin than mandelic acid.
Due to Mandelic acid's larger molecular structure, mandelic acid doesn't penetrate the skin as deeply as glycolic acid, so Mandelic acid is gentler on the skin.
Mandelic acid has been found to be effective for inflammatory acne and some forms of hyperpigmentation, as well as treating sun damage and evening out pigmentation.
The key difference here is molecule size.
While glycolic acid and mandelic acid are both chemical exfoliants, the molecular size of glycolic acid is much smaller, which means Mandelic acid penetrates the skin more deeply and, subsequently, can produce a more dramatic effect.
Both mandelic acid and glycolic acid are alpha-hydroxy acids.
However, mandelic is derived from almonds while glycolic is derived from sugar cane (or a couple of other sources).
Mandelic is oil soluble, glycolic is not.
Perfect for sensitive skin types, The Ordinary's Mandelic Acid works to target hyperpigmentation, uneven skin tone, and fine lines.
In addition to the brand being wallet-friendly, Mandelic acid products are also cruelty-free and vegan.
Mandelic acid can be used to treat three major skin concerns: signs of ageing, acne and enlarged pores, as well as pigmentation that is the result of excess sun exposure, acne scarring, taking hormonal contraceptives and pregnancy.
Mandelic acid targets these concerns by speeding up cell turnover that slows with age.
Very gently Mandelic acid dissolves the tiny glue-like bonds that bind skin cells together, helping to remove dead skin build on the surface.
Mandelic acid also strengthens collagen, one of the building blocks of the skin’s support network that gives skin Mandelic acid bounce.
Widely used as an anti-aging treatment, mandelic acid provides a multitude of benefits ranging from lightening discoloration and signs of hyperpigmentation to softening lines and wrinkles and treating acne.
When added to skin care, mandelic acid accelerates cell turnover to strengthen collagen and reverse damage caused from aging and sun exposure.
Mandelic acid also helps to regulate sebum production to prevent future blemishes.
Mandelic acid is anti-septic and antibacterial qualities also help reduce inflammation, lighten pigmentation, improve texture and tone
Mandelic acid has been found useful to improve various skin conditions including UV-driven lentigenes, darkening of skin seen with melasma, inflammatory acne, wrinkles, and fine lines.
Mandelic Acid peel for the treatment of moderate skin aging, superficial pigmentations, and open pores.
Mandelic acid actives renew the epidermis and even the skin tone.
The action of the Mandelic acid helps to clear and control mild inflammatory acne.
Mandelic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that is used to exfoliate the skin.
Mandelic acid is used to treat acne, hyperpigmentation, and aging skin.
Mandelic acid is used in over-the-counter skincare products and in professional chemical peels.
Mandelic acid is the most gentle of all the alpha-hydroxy acids, so Mandelic acid can be safely used by a wide range of skin types.
Mandelic acid's powerful antibacterial properties team up with its gentle exfoliating, cell-turnover-activating abilities team up to defeat acne, dull skin, uneven texture, hyperpigmentation, and fine lines and wrinkles.
Mandelic acid does the latter by boosting collagen production.
After about one to three weeks of use, mandelic acid is making your skin smoother, brighter, plumper, and clearer, she adds.
Mandelic acid sucks up acne-causing bacteria and oil clogging up your pores, as well as dead, discolored skin cells on the surface of your skin — leaving your floors, I mean complexion, cleaner and sparklier than ever.
Mandelic acid by removing the build-up of dead skin cells it thins out the very top layer of the skin so that Mandelic acid becomes smoother is able to reflect the light better.
As a result, you can expect improvement in skin texture and a brighter, more luminous complexion.
Mandelic acid’s even been shown to reduce melasma by as much as 50 percent in four weeks.
Acne suffers can also look forward to a reduction in breakouts. Mandelic acid has antibacterial properties which help to regulate sebum production.
Mandelic acid’s even been shown to benefit those cystic acne sufferers.
Uses of Mandelic acid:
Mandelic acid has a long history of use in the medical community as an antibacterial, particularly in the treatment of urinary tract infections.
Mandelic acid has also been used as an oral antibiotic, and as a component of chemical face peels analogous to other alpha hydroxy acids.
The drugs cyclandelate and homatropine are esters of mandelic acid.
Mandelic Acid is a versatile AHA that targets visible redness, blemishes, uneven skin tone and fine lines & wrinkles.
AHAs are natural and synthetic ingredients that provide skin care benefits ranging from exfoliation to increasing hydration and firmness.
Mandelic acid has a long history of use in the medical community as an antibacterial agent, particularly in the treatment of urinary tract infections.
Mandelic acid has also been used as an oral antibiotic.
Lately, mandelic acid has gained popularity as a topical skin care treatment for adult acne.
Mandelic acid is also used as an alternative to glycolic acid in skin care products.
Mandelic acid is a larger molecule than glycolic acid, which makes Mandelic acid better tolerated on the skin.
Mandelic acid is also advantageous in that it possesses antibacterial properties, whereas glycolic acid does not.
Mandelic acid is used as a skin care modality.
Dermatologists now suggest mandelic acid as an appropriate treatment for a wide variety of skin pathologies, from acne to wrinkles.
Mandelic acid is especially good in the treatment of adult acne because Mandelic acid addresses both of these concerns.
Mandelic acid is also recommended as a prelaser and postlaser resurfacing treatment, reducing the amount and length of irritation.
Mandelic acid peels are commercialized nowadays as gels with a specific viscosity, which make them user friendly for beginners.
Mandelic acid is a large-molecule alpha-hydroxy acid with slow epidermal penetration.
Similar to the other alpha-hydroxy acids described, Mandelic acid decreases corneocyte adhesion and is keratolytic.
Aside from acne treatment,Mandelic acid is often used for skin rejuvenation and lightening.
Mandelic acid is used as an ingredient in cosmetics and drug products applied topically.
Mandelic Acid is an aromatic alpha hydroxy acid used in the treatment of urinary tract infections and as an oral antibiotic.
Mandelic acid is a useful precursor to various drugs.
Vivant’s synergistic formulations feature Mandelic Acid in a range of transformative products for dramatic difference.
Mandelic acid can assist with brightening the skin, lightening melasma, and fading dark spots.
Mandelic acid should be applied as part of your nighttime skincare routine, after cleansing and before moisturizing.
Mandelic acid is beneficial for those with oily skin, as Mandelic acid helps to control excess sebum production.
Because of Mandelic acid smaller molecular size (compared to other chemical exfoliants), mandelic acid does not absorb as deeply and is, therefore, more suited for sensitive skin types.
There is evidence to suggest mandelic acid peels are effective and safe to treat skin conditions, such as acne.
Mandelic acid is an acidic chemical that has become popular for its use in skin cosmetics.
Mandelic acid chemical peels are common forms of single-ingredient chemical peels, alongside glycolic acid, glycolic acid, and lactic acid chemical peels.
The goal of Mandelic acid is to remove a predictable, uniform thickness of damaged skin.
A chemical peel can help with: inflammatory and noninflammatory acne lesions, scarring, rosacea, wrinkles.
Mandelic acid can be helpful for some people with skin conditions.
Mandelic acid can increase skin firmness and elasticity.
Mandelic acid chemical peels may be useful for: dyspigmentation — an abnormality in the skin pigment; skin redness — erythema oily skin or excess sebum.
Best for oily, normal, dry, or combination skin types, Mandelic acid works to balance excess oil, refine pores, and even tone and texture and can be used both morning and night.
If you have super-sensitive skin, a mandelic peel might be the best option for you.
Mandelic acid has shown some benefits for brightening the skin as well, so Mandelic acid can help support a regimen to clear photo damage.
Mandelic acid is generally used as a pharmaceutical component due to Mandelic acid analgesic, antirheumatic, and spasmolytic effects.
Mandelic acid is an exfoliant, antimicrobial/antibacterial
Mandelic acid is used in agriculture & animal care, case - coatings, adhesives, sealants & elastomers, chemical & materials manufacturing, food & beverage, personal care & pharmaceutical, surface treatment - fluids, lubricants & metalworking.
Mandelic acid can gently lift off dead surface skin cells and make the skin more smooth and even.
Mandelic acid has antibacterial properties.
Mandelic acid is promising against acne and post inflammatory hyperpigmentation
Mandelic acid is antimicrobial, regulates sebum production to help prevent breakouts, clears pores, exfoliates, and stimulates cell turnover.
Mandelic acid is used to treat hyperpigmentation and melasma.
Mandelic acid works by breaking up discoloration produced by sun exposure, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), and hormones.
As an exfoliant, Mandelic Acid helps diminish fine lines and wrinkles, reducing the visible effects of photoaging and improving skin texture.
Because of Mandelic acid larger molecule size, Mandelic Acid penetrates the epidermis more gently, making Mandelic acid an ideal AHA for sensitive skin types.
Mandelic Acid is used on people with excess sebum due to its oil targeting properties, making Mandelic acid beneficial in the treatment of oily skin and acne-prone skin.
Mandelic Acid is ideal for oily and acne-prone skin.
Mandelic acid is also naturally anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and suppresses overactive melanin production.
Mandelic Acid is also amazing for aging concerns, as Mandelic acid speeds up cell turnover.
In turn, this process brings young skin cells to the surface faster.
Mandelic acid increases collagen production in the skin, leading to plumper, healthier skin.
Mandelic acid accelerates the biological process of peeling the skin and helps control skin care concerns.
The molecular structure of Mandelic acid is larger than alternative alpha hydroxy acids such as glycolic acid, meaning Mandelic acid takes longer to penetrate into the skin’s surface and is much less irritating.
The notable difference between Glycolic acid and Mandelic acid based products is the lack of skin irritation and erythema that often accompany skin treatments with Mandelic acid.
This is one of many positive differences between the two different forms of acid, making Mandelic acid a safer medium to work with both professionally and when recommended for at home use.
Mandelic acid is a medicinally important chiral molecule that is widely used as a vital component in antibiotics, antiseptics and cosmetics.
Mandelic acid has been studied extensively for its uses in treating common skin problems such as photo-ageing, irregular pigmentation and acne.
Mandelic acid is a fruit acid that exfoliates the skin and removes dead skin cells.
Mandelic acid is also antimicrobial, meaning it inhibits the growth of bacteria on your skin, which helps prevent acne.
Mandelic acid is often used as an alternative to salicylic acid because Mandelic acid can be less irritating to the skin and more effective at treating blemishes.
Mandelic acid works by dissolving the “glue” that holds dead skin cells together.
This allows them to shed more easily, which means that your face will feel smoother after treatment.
Mandelic acid also helps to stimulate collagen production, which results in younger-looking skin over time.
Mandelic acid is safely used by a wide range of skin types.
Other Uses:
Acne:
Mandelic Acid is antibacterial and this means Mandelic acid’s perfect for treating existing acne and preventing future breakouts.
Because Mandelic acid’s also oil-soluble, Mandelic acid penetrates the skin’s surface to help regulate sebum production and keeps the pores free of dead skin cells that can all lead to breakouts and excess oil.
Wrinkles and fine lines:
This multitasking ingredient works to accelerate cell turnover by dissolving the bonds that hold the cells together, helping to slough away dead skin on the surface that can lead to dullness and premature signs of ageing.
Mandelic acid also works hard to boost the production of collagen and elastin, the two ingredients which naturally occur in the skin and are responsible for keeping Mandelic acid smooth and plump.
Chemical peels with mandelic acid may help stimulate collagen production, which tends to decrease with age.
This can help soften the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines, resulting in a more vibrant, youthful appearance.
Pigmentation:
Breakouts can leave behind dark marks and scars that can be tricky to get rid of but, fortunately, Mandelic Acid is a key player when it comes to discoloration and pigmentation.
Mandelic acid is so effective at doing this that Mandelic acid’s often found in professional chemical peels.
Mandelic acid works by dissolving the dead skin cells at the surface to fade the appearance of marks until they completely disappear.
Mandelic acid can also reduce the severity of melasma, resulting in a clear, more even complexion.
Dullness:
Dead skin accumulates over time and clogs the pores causing the skin to look dull and lacklustre.
Because of Mandelic acid ability to dissolve these dead cells, Mandelic Acid will leave your skin looking brighter, more radiant and even when used regularly.
Acne:
Skin oils, bacteria, dead skin cells, and inflammation can trigger acne.
Using skin care products containing mandelic acid help regulate sebum production, unclog pores, and reduce inflammation.
This can result in fewer acne breakouts.
A chemical peel with 45 percent mandelic acid was equally effective as a chemical peel with 30 percent salicylic acid in mild to moderate acne.
Mandelic acid may have an edge over salicylic acid when treating inflammatory acne (papules and pustules), and mandelic acid may also have fewer adverse effects.
Skin texture:
The exfoliating action of mandelic acid removes dead skin cells, which may leave your skin firmer and smoother.
Hyperpigmentation:
Mandelic acid may also have some lightening properties for dark spots, such as those seen in melasma.
Mandelic acid may reduce hyperpigmentation in melasma by as much as 50 percent in about 4 weeks.
Benefits of Mandelic acid:
Refines skin texture and tone.
Reduces the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
Helps unclog pores and remove blackheads.
Inhibits dark spots and helps uneven skin tone.
Mandelic acid can be used as a daily treatment that promotes cellular turnover, which addresses photo-aging, fine lines, acne, dark spots and overall skin texture.
Mandelic acid is for darker skin types, particularly where pigmentation from other AHAs may occur.
Antibacterial with benefits for the reduction in the appearance of skin blemishes.
Skin exfoliation benefits, which promote a renewed skin appearance.
Less irritating than conventional AHAs.
Stimulates new skin cells for long-term health.
Exfoliates dead skin cells for immediate clarity.
Promotes younger-looking skin by diminishing wrinkles.
Improves skin elasticity, hydration, and texture.
Reduces the appearance of pore size and prevents breakouts.
Menthol and Cucumber Flower Extract soothes and cools.
Mandelic acid has a wide range of benefits.
Mandelic acid helps regulate oil production and can be effective against acne and acne scars.
When applied to your skin, mandelic acid exfoliates the top layer, encouraging new skin cells to come to the surface for a fresh and smooth appearance.
Thirdly, mandelic acid exfoliates the upper skin layer without causing inflammation or irritation on your skin, and Mandelic acid can promote collagen growth.
Finally, mandelic acid fights hyperpigmentation caused by age spots, sun damage, and melasma.
Overall, there are plenty of reasons to use citric acid daily on your skin.
Gentle on the skin:
One main benefit of mandelic acid is that Mandelic acid may be more gentle on the skin compared to other AHAs.
This makes Mandelic acid an ideal choice for those with sensitive skin.
This gentleness seems to be due to mandelic acid being one of the largest AHAs, and as a result, Mandelic acid penetrates the skin at a slower rate.
Accelerates cell turnover:
Mandelic acid accelerates cell turnover and functions as a powerful exfoliate to remove dead skin cells.
For this reason, mandelic acid is found in some chemical peels.
Promotes collagen production:
Mandelic acid also improves skin appearance because Mandelic acid promotes collagen production, which is the main protein found in skin and connective tissue.
Results from using mandelic acid vary from person to person, but some people anecdotally notice a difference in their complexion and appearance after a couple of weeks.
Exfoliates:
Mandelic acid is a chemical exfoliant, meaning it removes layers of older skin cells through a reaction with the skin (rather than exfoliating via abrasive scrubs).
Promotes cell turnover:
By releasing skin cells attached to the surface of the skin, mandelic acid works to increase cell turnover, reducing the appearance of skin damage or acne.
Brightens skin:
Exfoliated skin appears brighter and mandelic acid goes a step further, strengthening the skin so Mandelic acid stays bright with continued use.
Reduces hyperpigmentation:
Increased cell turnover and exfoliating properties mean the acid reduces the look of dark marks and sun damage.
Wrinkles and fine lines:
Mandelic acid is a go-to anti-ageing ingredient in the world of skincare.
Mandelic acid works to accelerate cell turnover by dissolving the tiny bonds that hold skin cells together, helping to remove dead skin on the surface that can lead to dull complexions, as well as fine lines.
Mandelic acid also strengthens collagen, one of the building blocks of the skin’s support network that gives Mandelic acid youthful firmness.
Hyperpigmentation and discolouration:
Malesma is a common skin condition in which light to dark brown or greyish pigmentation develops on the face.
Mandelic acid has been shown to reduce melasma by as much as 50% in four weeks, resulting in a more evenly coloured complexion.
Acne:
Mandelic acid’s antibacterial properties are extremely helpful in treating acne.
Mandelic acid also helps to regulate sebum production and in turn decrease the occurrence of breakouts.
Mandelic acid has even been shown to benefit those who suffer from cystic acne.
Using mandelic acid regularly can help improve many skin issues.
Brightens Your Complexion:
As an exfoliator, mandelic acid refines your complexion.
Exfoliated skin feels softer and smoother, and looks brighter.
Fades Hyperpigmentation and Melasma:
Mandelic acid can help fade hyperpigmentation of all types: sun spots or age spots, freckles, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and melasma.
Helps Improve Acne Blemishes and Marks:
Although Mandelic acid is not used alone to treat acne, it can be incorporated into an acne treatment routine to help clear pores and reduce comedones.
Mandelic acid has antibacterial effects, so it can be especially helpful in reducing inflammatory acne.
Mandelic acid can also help fade dark marks left by pimples.
Softens Signs of Aging:
Mandelic acid is also a gentle treatment for aging skin.
Mandelic acid can help soften fine lines, and long-term use may help with firmness and elasticity.
Mandelic acid won't really reduce expression lines, though, such as the lines between your eyebrows.
But if your skin is on the dry side, mandelic acid can help your dry skin produce more of Mandelic acid own sebum or natural oil.
Gentle Exfoliator for All Skin Types:
Mandelic acid is the gentlest of all alpha hydroxy acids so Mandelic acid can be used by a wider array of skin types, including those with sensitive skin and rosacea.
Even people who can't use other AHAs can often use mandelic acid without any irritation.
Mandelic acid is especially good for skin that is prone to discoloration because Mandelic acid won't trigger inflammation and hyperpigmentation as other AHAs can.
Other Benefits:
Gently Exfoliates
Provides Superficial Peeling
Clarifies Pores
Lightens Hyperpigmentation
Reduces Fine Lines
6 Ways Mandelic Acid Corrects Your Top Skin Concerns:
Here are some of the most common skin concerns and how mandelic acid can bring relief:
Acne prone skin:
The antimicrobial, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties of mandelic acid make it an ideal acne busting ingredient.
Mandelic acid regulates sebum production, removes skin clogging dead skin cells, and reduces blemishes.
You can find our entire glossary of acne treatment tips here.
Fine lines and wrinkles:
Mandelic acid softens the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by stimulating the production of collagen and elastin.
These two components of our skin naturally decline with age.
You’ll see continued, ongoing improvement with consistent use of mandelic skincare products.
Melasma and hyperpigmentation:
Mandelic acid can lighten and brighten skin, fade unwanted sun spots, banish acne scars, and minimize age spots.
With continued use, you’ll see damage from aging and sun exposure slowly reverse.
Mandelic acid also reduces brown spots from melasma by as much as 50% in only four weeks!
Enlarged pores:
Experience immediate pore-refining benefits as mandelic acid works to exfoliate, unclog, and reduce the appearance of large pores.
The anti-inflammatory properties of mandelic acid further serve to minimize facial pore size.
Folliculitis:
Fungal infections of the hair follicles is also easily cleared with Mandelic Acid.
Those who deal with shaving bumps will see great results from using a mandelic cleanser.
Rosacea:
Mandelic acid is both safe and beneficial for those suffering from redness and rosacea, an inflammatory skin disease characterized by burning, stinging, sensitive skin.
The calming and exfoliating properties of mandelic acid make it a powerful ally for healing rosacea.
Isolation, Synthesis, Occurrence of Mandelic acid:
Mandelic acid was discovered in 1831 by the German pharmacist Ferdinand Ludwig Winckler (1801–1868) while heating amygdalin, an extract of bitter almonds, with diluted hydrochloric acid.
The name is derived from the German "Mandel" for "almond".
Mandelic acid is usually prepared by the acid-catalysed hydrolysis of mandelonitrile, which is the cyanohydrin of benzaldehyde.
Mandelic acid can also be prepared by reacting benzaldehyde with sodium bisulfite to give the corresponding adduct, forming mandelonitrile with sodium cyanide.
Alternative, Mandelic acid can be prepared by base hydrolysis of phenylchloroacetic acid as well as dibromacetophenone.
Mandelic acid also arises by heating phenylglyoxal with alkalis.
Biosynthesis of Mandelic acid:
Mandelic acid is a substrate or product of several biochemical processes called the mandelate pathway.
Mandelic acid interconverts the two enantiomers via a pathway that involves cleavage of the alpha-CH bond.
Mandelate dehydrogenase is yet another enzyme on this pathway.
Mandelate also arises from trans-cinnamate via phenylacetic acid, which is hydroxylated.Phenylpyruvic acid is another precursor to mandelic acid.
Derivatives of mandelic acid are formed as a result of metabolism of adrenaline and noradrenaline by monoamine oxidase and catechol-O-methyl transferase.
The biotechnological production of 4-hydroxy-mandelic acid and mandelic acid on the basis of glucose was demonstrated with a genetically modified yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in which the hydroxymandelate synthase naturally occurring in the bacterium Amycolatopsis was incorporated into a wild-type strain of yeast, partially altered by the exchange of a gene sequence and expressed.
Mandelic acid also arises from the biodegradation of styrene and ethylbenzene, as detected in urine.
Types of Mandelic acid:
Not all mandelic acid products are created equal.
If you’re looking for an effective treatment for acne or folliculitis, make sure you choose a product containing L-mandelic acid.
Regular mandelic acid, while still effective, is less concentrated and therefore less potent.
Mandelic acid is the chirally correct version of the molecule and creates all of the skin-positive effects we love mandelic acid for!
Handling And Storage of Mandelic acid:
Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Light sensitive.
Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 13: Non Combustible Solids
Stability And Reactivity of Mandelic acid:
Chemical stability:
Mandelic acid is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).
First Aid Measures of Mandelic acid:
If inhaled
Fresh air.
In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
Fire Fighting Measures of Mandelic acid:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.
Accidental Release Measures of Mandelic acid:
Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Exposure Controls/Personal Protection of Mandelic acid:
Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Body Protection:
Protective clothing:
Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.
Properties of Mandelic acid:
Molar mass: 152.149 g·mol−1
Appearance: White crystalline powder
Density: 1.30 g/cm3
Melting point: 119 °C (246 °F; 392 K) optically pure: 132 to 135 °C (270 to 275 °F; 405 to 408 K)
Boiling point: 321.8 °C (611.2 °F; 595.0 K)
Solubility in water: 15.87 g/100 mL
Solubility: soluble in diethyl ether, ethanol, isopropanol
Acidity (pKa): 3.41
Refractive index (nD): 1.5204
Molecular Weight: 152.15
XLogP3: 0.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 152.047344113
Monoisotopic Mass: 152.047344113
Topological Polar Surface Area: 57.5 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 11
Complexity: 138
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Appearance Form: solid
Color: white
Odor: weakly aromatic
Odor Threshold: No data available
pH: 2,3 at 10 g/l
Melting point/range: 119 - 121 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 255 - 340 °C at ca.1.013 hPa
Flash point: Not applicable
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): Mandelic acid is not flammable.
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapor pressure: < 0,1 hPa at 25 °C - OECD Test Guideline 104
Vapor density: No data available
Density: 1,31 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Relative density: 1,31 at 20 °C
Water solubility: 139 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: log Pow: 0,5 at 23 °C
Autoignition temperature: does not ignite
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Alternative Parents of Mandelic acid:
Alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives
Secondary alcohols
Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives
Carboxylic acids
Organic oxides
Hydrocarbon derivatives
Carbonyl compounds
Aromatic alcohols
Substituents of Mandelic acid:
Hydroxy acid
Monocyclic benzene moiety
Alpha-hydroxy acid
Secondary alcohol
Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
Carboxylic acid
Carboxylic acid derivative
Organic oxygen compound
Organic oxide
Hydrocarbon derivative
Aromatic alcohol
Organooxygen compound
Carbonyl group
Alcohol
Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
