2-PROPENOIC ACID
2-Propenoic acid is a bifunctional monomer containing both acrylate and hydroxyl functional groups, which make it highly reactive in polymerization and cross-linking reactions.
2-Propenoic acid is widely used in the production of coatings, adhesives, sealants, and resins, where it enhances adhesion, flexibility, and chemical resistance.
2-Propenoic acid plays a crucial role in radiation-curable formulations, including UV and electron beam (EB) curing systems, due to its ability to improve hardness and durability.
CAS Number: 818-61-1
EC Number: 212-454-9
Chemical Formula: C5H8O3
Molar Mass: 116.116 g·mol−1
Synonyms: 2-HYDROXYETHYL ACRYLATE 818-61-1 Hydroxyethyl acrylate 2-Propenoic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl ester Ethylene glycol monoacrylate 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Bisomer 2HEA Acrylic acid 2-hydroxyethyl ester 2-hydroxyethylacrylate 2-(Acryloyloxy)ethanol Ethylene glycol, acrylate Acrylic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl ester Ethylene glycol, monoacrylate CCRIS 3431 HSDB 1123 EINECS 212-454-9 2-Hydroxyethylester kyseliny akrylove UNII-25GT92NY0C BRN 0969853 25GT92NY0C DTXSID2022123 DTXCID202123 HEA 2-Hydroxyethylester kyseliny akrylove [Czech] EC 212-454-9 HYDROXYETHYL ACRYLATE, 2- 26022-14-0 MFCD00081878 CAS-818-61-1 MFCD00002865 2-Hydroxyethyl acrylate(7.56 cp(15.5 degrees c)) hydroxyethylacrylate hydroxylethyl acrylate 2-hydroxylethylacrylate Ethyleen glycol acrylaat Ethylene glycol acrylate HAI (CHRIS Code) 2-hydroxy-ethyl acrylate beta-Hydroxyethyl acrylate Acrylic acid 2-hydroxyethyl Ethandiol-1,2-monoacrylate 2-Hydroxyethyl-2-propenoate .beta.-Hydroxyethyl acrylate SCHEMBL14875 MLS002174257 Acrylic acid hydroxyethyl ester CHEMBL1330518 2-Hydroxyethyl acrylate,97.5% (C5-H8-O3)x- acrylic acid 2-hydroxy-ethyl ester Tox21_201430 Tox21_302968 2-propenoic acid 2-hydroxyethyl ester 2-Propenoic acid, 2-hydroxyethylester AKOS015856805 2-HYDROXYETHYL ACRYLATE [HSDB] 2-HYDROXYETHYL ACRYLATE [INCI] CS-W013616 NCGC00090958-01 NCGC00090958-02 NCGC00256462-01 NCGC00258981-01 SMR001253953 A0743 FT-0626326 2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate (stabilized with MEHQ) D78194 2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate, (stabilized with MEHQ) A840207 J-521472 Q27253959 Hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-; (Acrylic acid-2-hydroxyethyl ester) InChI=1/C5H8O3/c1-2-5(7)8-4-3-6/h2,6H,1,3-4H 2-Hydroxyethyl acrylate, 96%, contains 200-650 ppm monomethyl ether hydroquinone as inhibitor Borica HEA
2-Propenoic acid is a clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic acrylic odor.
2-Propenoic acid is a bifunctional monomer containing both acrylate and hydroxyl functional groups, which make it highly reactive in polymerization and cross-linking reactions.
2-Propenoic acid is widely used in the production of coatings, adhesives, sealants, and resins, where it enhances adhesion, flexibility, and chemical resistance.
2-Propenoic acid plays a crucial role in radiation-curable formulations, including UV and electron beam (EB) curing systems, due to its ability to improve hardness and durability.
Additionally, 2-Propenoic acid is utilized in the synthesis of hydrogels, biomedical materials, and specialty polymers, contributing to improved moisture retention and mechanical strength.
However, due to its reactive nature, 2-Propenoic acid requires proper handling and storage, as it may cause skin and eye irritation upon direct contact.
Stabilizers such as hydroquinone monomethyl ether (MEHQ) are often added to prevent unwanted polymerization during storage.
Hydroxyethyl acrylate is an organic chemical and an aliphatic compound.
2-Propenoic acid has the formula C5H8O3 and the CAS Registry Number 818–61–1.
2-Propenoic acid is REACH registered with an EU number of 212–454–9.
2-Propenoic acid has dual functionality containing a polymerizable acrylic group and a terminal hydroxy group.
2-Propenoic acid is used to make emulsion polymers along with other monomers and the resultant resins are used in coatings, sealants, adhesives and elastomers and other applications.
2-Propenoic acid is a difunctional acrylate monomer.
2-Propenoic acid forms homopolymers and copolymers.
2-Propenoic acid exhibits scratch resistance, weatherability and low VOC.
Copolymers of this grades are prepared with acrylic acid, 2-Propenoic acid's salts, amides and esters as well as with methacrylates, acrylonitrile, maleic acid esters, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, styrene, butadiene, unsaturated polyesters and drying oils.
2-Propenoic acid is used in the manufacture of polymers.
2-Propenoic acid readily undergoes addition reactions with a wide variety of organic and inorganic compounds.
2-Propenoic acid has a shelf life of 6 months.
2-Propenoic acid is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 tonnes per annum.
2-Propenoic acid is used at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
2-Propenoic acid is a monomer that is widely used in the field of material synthesis for the production of various types of polymers, such as hydrogels, coatings, adhesives, and thermosets.
2-Propenoic acid's versatility lies in its ability to copolymerize with a variety of monomers, resulting in a wide range of polymer properties and applications.
2-Propenoic acid's main use is in the production of hydrogels, which are highly absorbent and can be used in wound dressings, contact lenses, drug delivery systems, and other biomedical applications.
Additionally, 2-Propenoic acid-based coatings and adhesives are used in various surface modification and bonding applications, owing to their excellent adhesion, flexibility, and chemical resistance properties.
2-Propenoic acid is an ester of Acrylic Acid and is used as a raw material in the synthesis of polymers.
2-Propenoic acid is a methacrylate monomer with characteristic high reactivity and a branched hydrophobic part.
2-Propenoic acid forms homo-polymers and copolymers.
Copolymers of 2-Propenoic acid can be prepared with (meth) acrylic acid and its salts, amides, and esters, along with methacrylate, acrylonitrile, maleic esters, butadiene, and other monomers.
2-Propenoic acid forms homopolymers and copolymers.
2-Propenoic acid is used mainly either as a co-monomer in the manufacture of polymers or as a chemical reactant in the manufacture of chemical intermediates.
In the manufacture of polymers, 2-Propenoic acid can be co-polymerized with acrylic acid, acrylates, methacrylates, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, styrene, butadiene, and the like.
Co-reactants with 2-Propenoic acid include aromatic and aliphatic isocyanates, anhydrides, and epoxides.
The polymers and chemical intermediates made with 2-Propenoic acid find applications in automotive top coatings, architectural coatings, photocure resins, and adhesives.
Globally about half of the 2-Propenoic acid produced is used in the production of acrylic enamels for the automotive industry, where a clear topcoat is applied to a pigmented base coat to increase corrosion protection and durability.
2-Propenoic acid is a bifunctional monomer that contains both hydroxyl and acrylate functional groups, making it highly reactive in various polymerization processes.
2-Propenoic acid appears as a clear, colorless liquid with a distinct acrylic odor and has a relatively low viscosity, allowing for easy incorporation into different formulations.
Due to its hydroxyl functionality, 2-Propenoic acid is widely used in applications requiring strong adhesion, flexibility, and enhanced chemical resistance.
2-Propenoic acid serves as a crucial component in the formulation of coatings, adhesives, sealants, resins, and specialty polymers.
One of the primary advantages of 2-Propenoic acid is its ability to improve the mechanical and thermal properties of polymers.
When used in coatings, 2-Propenoic acid enhances durability, scratch resistance, and weatherability, making it ideal for protective coatings in automotive, industrial, and construction applications.
The presence of hydroxyl groups in 2-Propenoic acid's structure also allows for the development of cross-linked networks, particularly when combined with isocyanates or melamine resins.
This makes 2-Propenoic acid an important ingredient in two-component polyurethane systems, where it contributes to improved hardness, adhesion, and solvent resistance.
In radiation-curable systems, 2-Propenoic acid plays a significant role in ultraviolet (UV) and electron beam (EB) curing technologies.
These curing systems are widely used in the production of inks, varnishes, and high-performance coatings due to their fast curing times, low energy requirements, and environmentally friendly nature.
The inclusion of 2-Propenoic acid in these formulations enhances flexibility and adhesion to a variety of substrates, including metals, plastics, and glass.
Furthermore, 2-Propenoic acid's hydroxyl functionality can participate in post-curing reactions, leading to improved final properties of the cured film.
Beyond coatings and adhesives, 2-Propenoic acid finds applications in biomedical and specialty polymer industries.
2-Propenoic acid is frequently utilized in the synthesis of hydrogels, which are materials that can absorb and retain large amounts of water while maintaining their structural integrity.
These hydrogels are commonly used in medical devices, wound dressings, contact lenses, and drug delivery systems.
2-Propenoic acid-based hydrogels offer excellent biocompatibility and mechanical strength, making them suitable for advanced healthcare applications.
Despite its versatility, 2-Propenoic acid must be handled with care due to its reactive nature.
2-Propenoic acid is classified as an irritant and may cause skin and eye irritation upon direct contact.
Prolonged or repeated exposure can also lead to sensitization, necessitating appropriate safety measures, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, goggles, and protective clothing.
Additionally, 2-Propenoic acid is prone to polymerization if not properly stabilized.
To prevent premature polymerization during storage and transportation, stabilizers such as hydroquinone monomethyl ether (MEHQ) are typically added to maintain 2-Propenoic acid's stability.
Proper storage conditions are essential to ensure the longevity and quality of 2-Propenoic acid.
2-Propenoic acid should be stored in tightly sealed containers away from heat, light, and sources of contamination.
2-Propenoic acid should also be kept under an inert atmosphere, such as nitrogen, to minimize the risk of polymerization.
Regular monitoring of stabilizer levels and maintaining appropriate temperature conditions are crucial for preventing unwanted reactions.
In summary, 2-Propenoic acid is a highly functional monomer with broad industrial applications, ranging from coatings and adhesives to biomedical materials and hydrogels.
Its unique combination of hydroxyl and acrylate groups provides excellent reactivity, adhesion, and durability, making 2-Propenoic acid a valuable component in numerous polymer formulations.
However, due to 2-Propenoic acid's reactive nature, proper handling, storage, and safety precautions are necessary to ensure its effective and safe use in industrial and commercial applications.
Market Overview of 2-Propenoic Acid:
The global market for 2-Propenoic acid is experiencing steady growth, driven by its widespread use in coatings, adhesives, sealants, resins, and biomedical applications.
2-Propenoic acid's bifunctional nature, combining hydroxyl and acrylate groups, makes it a key ingredient in high-performance polymer formulations, offering enhanced adhesion, flexibility, and chemical resistance.
The increasing demand for UV-curable coatings in industries such as automotive, electronics, and packaging is a major growth driver, as 2-Propenoic acid contributes to durability and environmental compliance.
Additionally, 2-Propenoic acid's applications in biomedical materials, such as hydrogels and drug delivery systems, further expand its market potential.
However, factors such as health and safety concerns, raw material price fluctuations, and competition from alternative monomers pose challenges to market growth.
North America and Europe remain strong markets due to stringent environmental regulations promoting low-VOC coatings, while Asia-Pacific is the fastest-growing region, driven by rapid industrialization and infrastructure development.
The future outlook for 2-Propenoic acid remains positive, with growing opportunities in advanced biomedical materials, next-generation UV-curable coatings, and sustainable polymer development.
Uses of 2-Propenoic Acid:
As a reactive monomer 2-Propenoic acid is used as a crosslinking agent for resins, plastics and rubber modifiers.
Further, 2-Propenoic acid is used in the synthesis of amphilic block copolymers by nitroxide mediated living radical polymerization.
In addition to this, 2-Propenoic acid is used to prepare tuned poly(hydroxyethyl acrylate) by atom transfer radical polymerization.
2-Propenoic acid is an acrylic monomer for use in UV inks, adhesives, lacquers, artificial nails, etc.
2-Propenoic acid is widely used across various industries due to its unique combination of hydroxyl and acrylate functional groups, which enhance adhesion, flexibility, and chemical resistance.
In the coatings and paints industry, 2-Propenoic acid improves durability, weather resistance, and scratch resistance, making it ideal for automotive, industrial, and architectural coatings.
2-Propenoic acid also plays a crucial role in adhesives and sealants, where it enhances bonding strength and flexibility for applications in construction, automotive, and packaging.
2-Propenoic acid is a key component in UV and electron beam (EB) curable systems, contributing to the rapid curing of inks, varnishes, and industrial coatings used in printing, electronics, and packaging.
Additionally, 2-Propenoic acid is used in resins and polymers to modify properties such as hardness and water resistance, making it essential in high-performance formulations.
In the biomedical field, 2-Propenoic acid is utilized in hydrogels, contact lenses, wound dressings, and drug delivery systems due to its biocompatibility and moisture-retention properties.
Furthermore, 2-Propenoic acid enhances the impact resistance and durability of plastics and elastomers, while also serving as a key ingredient in specialty chemicals and surfactants.
2-Propenoic acid's role in corrosion-resistant coatings makes it valuable for protective applications in marine, oil and gas, and industrial equipment sectors.
The versatility of 2-Propenoic acid ensures its continued demand in a wide range of advanced material formulations across multiple industries.
2-Propenoic acid is a versatile monomer with a wide range of industrial and commercial applications due to its hydroxyl and acrylate functional groups, which enhance adhesion, flexibility, and chemical resistance.
Some of 2-Propenoic acid's key uses include:
Coatings & Paints:
2-Propenoic acid is widely used in automotive, industrial, and architectural coatings to improve adhesion, weather resistance, and durability.
2-Propenoic acid enhances the scratch and chemical resistance of coatings while maintaining flexibility, making it ideal for high-performance applications.
Adhesives & Sealants:
Due to its strong bonding properties, 2-Propenoic acid is commonly used in construction, automotive, and packaging adhesives.
2-Propenoic acid improves the adhesion of adhesives to various surfaces, including metals, plastics, and glass, while also contributing to the flexibility and durability of sealants.
UV & Electron Beam (EB) Curable Systems:
2-Propenoic acid is an important component in radiation-curable coatings, inks, and varnishes, especially in UV and EB curing technologies.
These formulations are widely used in printing, electronics, packaging, and industrial coatings due to their fast curing times and environmentally friendly nature.
Resins & Polymers:
2-Propenoic acid is used in acrylic and polyurethane resins to modify properties such as hardness, flexibility, and water resistance.
2-Propenoic acid plays a critical role in cross-linked polymer networks, enhancing chemical stability and mechanical strength in various applications.
Biomedical Applications:
2-Propenoic acid is a key ingredient in hydrogels, contact lenses, wound dressings, and drug delivery systems due to its biocompatibility and ability to retain moisture.
2-Propenoic acid is also used in medical adhesives and coatings for medical devices.
Plastic Modifiers:
2-Propenoic acid is added to plastics and elastomers to improve impact resistance, durability, and surface properties.
2-Propenoic acid is used in high-performance plastics for industrial and consumer applications.
Specialty Chemicals & Surfactants:
2-Propenoic acid is utilized in the synthesis of functional polymers and specialty chemicals that require enhanced water solubility, adhesion, and chemical resistance.
2-Propenoic acid is also used in surfactants and dispersing agents for coatings and cleaning formulations.
Corrosion-Resistant Coatings:
2-Propenoic acid is incorporated into protective coatings for metals and industrial equipment, enhancing corrosion resistance in harsh environments such as marine, oil and gas, and chemical processing industries.
Industry Uses:
Intermediates
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Other (specify)
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Monomers
Photosensitive agent
Uses at industrial sites:
2-Propenoic acid is used in the following products: polymers.
2-Propenoic acid has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
2-Propenoic acid is used in the following areas: scientific research and development.
2-Propenoic acid is used for the manufacture of: chemicals and plastic products.
Release to the environment of 2-Propenoic acid can occur from industrial use: for thermoplastic manufacture, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as processing aid.
Consumer Uses:
Other (specify)
Dispersing agent
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Binder
Photosensitive agent
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Monomers
Applications of 2-Propenoic Acid:
The most common use for 2-Propenoic acid is to be copolymerized with other acrylate and methacrylate monomers to make emulsion and other polymers including hydrogels.
Modification of rubbers and similar compounds is also a use for the material.
The resultant polymers may be used to manufacture pressure-sensitive adhesives.
Porous hydrogels can be prepared by copolymerization of 2-Propenoic acid and a cross linking agent.
2-Propenoic acid may be used in the synthesis of amphilic block copolymers by nitroxide mediated living radical polymeration.
Also, 2-Propenoic acid may be used to prepare tuned poly(hydroxyethyl acrylate) by atom transfer radical polymerization.
2-Propenoic acid is used in the preparation of solid polymers, dispersions, and polymer solutions.
These products are used in coatings applications in various industries as binders, film formers, adhesives, and sealants.
2-Propenoic acid is a monomer that is widely used in the field of material synthesis for the production of various types of polymers, such as hydrogels, coatings, adhesives, and thermosets.
2-Propenoic acid's versatility lies in its ability to copolymerize with a variety of monomers, resulting in a wide range of polymer properties and applications.
2-Propenoic acid's main use is in the production of hydrogels, which are highly absorbent and can be used in wound dressings, contact lenses, drug delivery systems, and other biomedical applications.
Additionally, 2-Propenoic acid-based coatings and adhesives are used in various surface modification and bonding applications, owing to their excellent adhesion, flexibility, and chemical resistance properties.
Benefits of 2-Propenoic Acid:
2-Propenoic acid offers numerous benefits across various industries due to its unique combination of hydroxyl and acrylate functional groups, which contribute to its high reactivity, adhesion, and durability.
One of its primary advantages is enhanced adhesion, making 2-Propenoic acid ideal for coatings, adhesives, and sealants that require strong bonding to diverse surfaces such as metals, plastics, and glass.
2-Propenoic acid also improves flexibility and toughness, allowing materials to withstand mechanical stress and environmental fluctuations without cracking or breaking.
Additionally, 2-Propenoic acid enhances chemical and weather resistance, making it a key ingredient in high-performance coatings used in automotive, industrial, and architectural applications.
In radiation-curable systems, such as UV and electron beam (EB) curing, 2-Propenoic acid enables rapid drying and hardening, reducing energy consumption and improving production efficiency.
2-Propenoic acid's hydroxyl functionality also allows for cross-linking in resins and polymers, increasing structural integrity, hardness, and solvent resistance.
In the biomedical field, 2-Propenoic acid contributes to biocompatible materials, such as hydrogels and medical adhesives, due to its excellent moisture retention and gentle interaction with biological tissues.
Furthermore, 2-Propenoic acid helps enhance corrosion resistance, extending the lifespan of protective coatings in harsh environments.
Overall, its versatility, durability, and chemical stability make 2-Propenoic acid a valuable component in a wide range of applications, ensuring long-lasting performance and sustainability.
Properties of 2-Propenoic Acid:
2-Propenoic acid is a clear water-white liquid with a mild but pungent ester like odor.
2-Propenoic acid has a low freezing point.
Chemical Properties:
Hydroxyethyl acrylate is a clear colorless liquid.
2-Propenoic acid is miscible with water, soluble in general organic solvents.
The commodity generally contains 400ppm of hydroquinone methylether, a polymerization inhibitor.
Hydroxyethyl acrylate is a difunctional acrylate monomer with the characteristic high reactivity.
Hydroxyethyl acrylate is used in a crylics for coatings, adhesives and UV reacitve oligomers.
2-Propenoic acid can be used for crosslinking with isocyantes or melamines.
Production of 2-Propenoic Acid:
The production of 2-Propenoic acid involves the esterification of acrylic acid with ethylene oxide or ethylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst, typically under controlled temperature and pressure conditions.
This reaction results in the formation of 2-Propenoic acid, a highly reactive monomer with hydroxyl and acrylate functional groups.
After synthesis, the crude product undergoes purification through vacuum or fractional distillation to remove impurities and unreacted materials, ensuring a high-purity final product suitable for industrial applications.
To prevent premature polymerization, stabilizers such as hydroquinone monomethyl ether (MEHQ) are added before storage.
Since 2-Propenoic acid is sensitive to heat and light, it is stored in airtight containers under an inert gas atmosphere, such as nitrogen, to maintain its stability.
The production process requires strict safety measures, particularly when handling ethylene oxide, which is highly reactive and hazardous.
Additionally, environmental controls are implemented to minimize emissions and waste by-products.
Continuous advancements in production technology focus on optimizing yield, reducing energy consumption, and enhancing sustainability.
As demand for 2-Propenoic acid continues to rise in coatings, adhesives, and biomedical applications, manufacturers are investing in improved production methods to ensure efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and environmental compliance.
General Manufacturing Information of 2-Propenoic Acid:
Industry Processing Sectors:
Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Adhesive Manufacturing
Paint and Coating Manufacturing
Transportation Equipment Manufacturing
Miscellaneous Manufacturing
Synthesis of 2-Propenoic Acid:
There are a number of patents and synthesis papers to produce 2-Propenoic acid mostly aimed at reducing or removing heavy metals as catalysts.
The traditional manufacturing process calls for the reaction of ethylene oxide with acrylic acid in the presence of a metal catalyst.
History of 2-Propenoic Acid:
The history of 2-Propenoic acid dates back to the early advancements in acrylic chemistry in the 20th century, when researchers began exploring acrylate esters for their unique polymerization properties.
The development of 2-Propenoic acid was driven by the need for monomers that could enhance adhesion, flexibility, and chemical resistance in coatings, adhesives, and resins.
During the mid-20th century, with the expansion of the chemical industry, 2-Propenoic acid gained recognition as a valuable bifunctional monomer due to its hydroxyl and acrylate functional groups, which made 2-Propenoic acid highly reactive and suitable for a wide range of polymer applications.
In the 1960s and 1970s, as industries sought improved performance materials, 2-Propenoic acid became widely used in radiation-curable coatings, UV-curable resins, and high-performance adhesives.
This period also saw the rise of hydrogel technology, where 2-Propenoic acid played a role in the development of biomedical materials, such as soft contact lenses and wound dressings.
By the late 20th and early 21st centuries, 2-Propenoic acid production was refined to enhance purity and stability.
Today, 2-Propenoic acid continues to evolve with new applications in sustainable coatings, advanced polymers, and biomedical engineering.
Ongoing research focuses on improving 2-Propenoic acid's environmental footprint, reducing volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, and enhancing its role in eco-friendly and high-performance material formulations.
As industries demand more durable, efficient, and sustainable solutions, 2-Propenoic acid remains an essential component in modern material science and polymer chemistry.
Handling and Storage of 2-Propenoic Acid:
Handling:
When handling 2-Propenoic acid, ensure that adequate ventilation is in place to avoid inhalation of vapors.
Use in well-ventilated areas, and avoid exposure to heat or direct sunlight, as 2-Propenoic acid is sensitive to polymerization.
2-Propenoic acid should be handled in a manner that minimizes the risk of skin, eye, or respiratory exposure.
Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, goggles, and protective clothing, to avoid direct contact.
Storage:
Store 2-Propenoic acid in tightly sealed containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area.
Avoid exposure to moisture, heat, and light, as these factors can accelerate polymerization.
2-Propenoic acid should be stored away from incompatible substances such as strong oxidizers, acids, and alkalis.
Containers should be kept under inert gas (e.g., nitrogen or argon) to prevent polymerization.
Additionally, stabilizers such as hydroquinone monomethyl ether (MEHQ) should be used to prevent polymerization during storage.
Always follow the manufacturer's recommendations for proper storage conditions.
Stability and Reactivity of 2-Propenoic Acid:
Stability:
2-Propenoic acid is generally stable under normal conditions of use and storage.
However, 2-Propenoic acid is highly reactive and can polymerize when exposed to heat, light, or contamination with certain catalysts.
The presence of stabilizers like MEHQ helps maintain the material's stability and prevents premature polymerization.
Reactivity:
2-Propenoic acid is reactive with a variety of substances, including strong acids, bases, oxidizing agents, and peroxides.
2-Propenoic acid can polymerize rapidly in the presence of these substances, releasing heat.
Contact with moisture may lead to hydrolysis, breaking down 2-Propenoic acid into other compounds.
First Aid Measures of 2-Propenoic Acid:
Inhalation:
If 2-Propenoic acid vapors or mist are inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If symptoms persist, seek medical attention.
Skin Contact:
In case of skin contact, remove contaminated clothing and rinse the affected area with plenty of water.
If irritation persists, seek medical attention.
Eye Contact:
Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open to ensure thorough rinsing.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation persists or there is any damage to the eye.
Ingestion:
If 2-Propenoic acid is swallowed, do not induce vomiting unless instructed by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth with water and seek immediate medical attention.
Fire Fighting Measures of 2-Propenoic Acid:
Suitable Extinguishing Media:
Use foam, dry chemical powder, carbon dioxide (CO2), or water spray to extinguish fires involving 2-Propenoic acid.
Avoid water jet, as 2-Propenoic acid may spread the fire.
Special Hazards:
2-Propenoic acid is flammable and can release hazardous combustion products such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and acrylic monomer vapors when burned.
In case of fire, evacuate the area and use a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) to avoid inhaling harmful fumes.
Fire Fighting Procedures:
Firefighters should wear full PPE and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) when responding to a fire involving 2-Propenoic acid.
Cool fire-exposed containers with water to prevent pressure buildup or explosion.
Accidental Release Measures of 2-Propenoic Acid:
Personal Precautions:
Wear appropriate PPE, including gloves, goggles, and protective clothing, to prevent skin and eye contact.
Ensure adequate ventilation in the affected area.
Environmental Precautions:
Prevent 2-Propenoic acid from entering waterways, sewers, or soil.
Avoid the release of significant amounts of 2-Propenoic acid into the environment.
Cleanup Methods:
Contain the spill with an inert absorbent material such as sand or earth.
Once absorbed, place 2-Propenoic acid in suitable containers for disposal.
Avoid using water for cleaning up spills, as 2-Propenoic acid may lead to polymerization.
Ensure proper disposal according to local regulations.
Exposure Controls / Personal Protective Equipment of 2-Propenoic Acid:
Occupational Exposure Limits:
Ensure that the workplace exposure limits (PEL) and Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) are followed.
While specific limits for 2-Propenoic acid may vary, controlling exposure through engineering controls and proper PPE is crucial.
Engineering Controls:
Use local exhaust ventilation or general dilution ventilation to keep the airborne concentration of 2-Propenoic acid vapors below the recommended exposure limits.
Enclose processing areas and provide adequate ventilation to avoid inhalation hazards.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Respiratory Protection:
Use a NIOSH-approved respirator if ventilation is inadequate or if 2-Propenoic acid vapors are present at concentrations above recommended limits.
Hand Protection:
Wear chemical-resistant gloves, such as nitrile or neoprene, to prevent skin contact.
Eye Protection:
Wear safety goggles or face shields to prevent eye exposure.
Skin Protection:
Wear protective clothing, such as a lab coat or chemical-resistant suit, to prevent skin exposure.
Identifiers of 2-Propenoic Acid:
CAS Number: 818-61-1
ChEMBL: ChEMBL1330518
ChemSpider: 12612
ECHA InfoCard: 100.011.322
EC Number: 212-454-9
PubChem CID: 13165
RTECS number: AT1750000
UNII: 25GT92NY0C
UN number: 2927 1760
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID20891159 DTXSID2022123, DTXSID20891159
InChI: InChI=1S/C5H8O3/c1-2-5(7)8-4-3-6/h2,6H,1,3-4H2
Key: OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: C=CC(=O)OCCO
Linear Formula: CH2=CHCOOCH2CH2OH
CAS Number: 818-61-1
Molecular Weight: 116.12
Beilstein: 969853
EC Number: 212-454-9
MDL number: MFCD00002865
UNSPSC Code: 12162002
PubChem Substance ID: 24857612
NACRES: NA.23
EC / List no.: 212-454-9
CAS no.: 818-61-1
Mol. formula: C5H8O3
Properties of 2-Propenoic Acid:
Chemical formula: C5H8O3
Molar mass: 116.116 g·mol−1
Appearance: clear liquid
Density: 1.106
Boiling point: 220 °C (428 °F; 493 K)
vapor density: >1 (vs air)
Quality Level: 100
vapor pressure: <0.1 mmHg ( 20 °C)
Assay: 96%
form: solid
contains: 200-650 ppm monomethyl ether hydroquinone as inhibitor
refractive index: n20/D 1.45 (lit.)
bp: 90-92 °C/12 mmHg (lit.)
density: 1.011 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
storage temp.: 2-8°C
SMILES string: OCCOC(=O)C=C
InChI: 1S/C5H8O3/c1-2-5(7)8-4-3-6/h2,6H,1,3-4H2
InChI key: OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Purity min. 98.5%
Acid Content max. 2.5 mg KOH/g
Water Content max. 0.15%
Color (APHA) max. 10
Inhibitor 250 ± 50 ppm MEHQ
Appearance: Clear, colorless
Physical State: Liquid
Odor: Ester like
Density: 1.106 g/cm3 at 25 °C
Boiling Point: 200 °C
Freezing Point: < – 60 °C
Flash Point: 101 °C
Viscosity: 11.17 mPa · s
Vapor Pressure: 0.1 mbar at 21.4 °C
Molecular Weight: 116.11 g/mol
XLogP3: -0.2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 116.047344113 Da
Monoisotopic Mass: 116.047344113 Da
Topological Polar Surface Area: 46.5 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 8
Complexity: 87.7
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Specifications of 2-Propenoic Acid:
Acidity: 4mg KOH/g max.
CAS Min %: 96.0
Melting Point: -60°C
Density: 1.1060g/mL
Flash Point: 99°C
Assay Percent Range: 96% min. (GC)
Refractive Index: 1.4490 to 1.451
Specific Gravity: 1.106
Solubility in water: soluble in water
SMILES: C=CC(=O)OCCO
Stabilizer: 200 to 450ppm MEHQ
PubChem CID: 13165
Formula Weight: 116.12
Physical Form: Oily Liquid
Names of 2-Propenoic Acid:
Regulatory process names:
2-(Acryloyloxy)ethanol
2-hydroxyethyl acrylate
2-Hydroxyethyl acrylate
2-hydroxyethyl acrylate
2-Hydroxyethylester kyseliny akrylove
2-Propenoic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl ester
Acrylic acid 2-hydroxyethyl ester
acrylic acid, monoester with ethyleneglycol
Bisomer 2HEA
Ethylene glycol, acrylate
Ethylene glycol, monoacrylate
HEA
Hydroxyethyl acrylate
Translated names:
(2-hydroxyetyl)-akrylát (sk)
2-hidroksietil akrilat (sl)
2-hidroksietil-akrilat (hr)
2-hidroksietilakrilatas (lt)
2-hidroksietilakrilāts (lv)
2-hidroxietil acrilat (ro)
2-hidroxietil-akrilát (hu)
2-hydroksietyyliakrylaatti (fi)
2-hydroksyetylakrylat (no)
2-hydroxietylakrylat (sv)
2-hydroxyethyl-akrylát (cs)
2-hydroxyethylacrylaat (nl)
2-hydroxyethylacrylat (da)
2-Hydroxyethylacrylat (de)
2-hüdroksüetüülakrülaat (et)
2-хидроксиетил акрилат (bg)
acrilato de 2-hidroxietilo (es)
acrilato de 2-hidroxietilo (pt)
acrilato di 2-idrossietile (it)
acrylate de 2-hydroxyéthyle (fr)
akrylan 2-hydroksyetylu ester 2-hydroksyetylowy kwasu akrylowego (pl)
ακρυλικό 2-υδροξυαιθύλιο (el)
IUPAC names:
2-HYDROXYETHYL ACRYLATE
2-Hydroxyethyl acrylate
2-hydroxyethyl acrylate
2-Hydroxyethyl acrylate
2-hydroxyethyl acrylate
2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate (stabilized with MEHQ)
2-Hydroxyethyl acrylate2-HEA
2-Hydroxyethyl ester propenoic acid
2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate
2-hydroxyethylprop-2-enoate
2-Propenoic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl ester
2-propenoic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl ester
2HEA
HEA
Hydroxyethyl Acrylate
Hydroxyethyl acrylate
Trade names:
2-(Acryloyloxy)ethanol
2-HYDROXYETHYL ACRYLATE
2-Hydroxyethyl acrylate
2-Propenoic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl ester (9CI)
Acrylic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl ester (6CI, 8CI)
Bisomer 2HEA
Ethylene glycol monoacrylate
HEA
Light Ester HOA
Rocryl 420
ROCRYL(TM) 420 (HEA) Monomer
ROCRYL(TM) 420 (HEA) Monomer LA
urethane acrylate blend
Viscoat 220
β-Hydroxyethyl acrylate
Other identifiers:
139642-59-4
1637456-67-7
607-072-00-8
77210-89-0
818-61-1
