EXOLIT AP 468
EXOLIT AP 468 is a non-halogenated, phosphorus-based flame retardant primarily composed of ammonium polyphosphate, widely used in intumescent coatings, thermoplastics, thermosetting resins, and other fire-resistant applications due to its excellent flame-retardant properties.
When exposed to high temperatures or flames, EXOLIT AP 468 initiates an intumescent reaction, forming a stable, thick, and insulating char layer that effectively protects underlying materials from heat and oxygen, significantly slowing down combustion and minimizing smoke and toxic gas emissions.
EXOLIT AP 468's non-halogenated composition makes it an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional flame retardants, avoiding concerns related to halogen-based toxicity and corrosiveness.
CAS Number: 68333-79-9
EC Number: 269-012-7
Synonyms: Ammonium polyphosphate (APP), Phosphorus-based flame retardant, Flame retardant agent, Intumescent flame retardant, Non-halogenated flame retardant, Fire retardant polymer additive, Exolit flame retardant, APP flame retardant, Phosphorus flame retardant, Fire-resistant additive, Polyphosphate-based flame retardant, Non-toxic flame retardant, Fire protection additive, Phosphate ester flame retardant, Non-halogen flame retardant, Exolit AP series, Thermally stable flame retardant, Ammonium polyphosphate-based product, Char-forming flame retardant, Environmental-friendly flame retardant
EXOLIT AP 468 is a highly effective, non-halogenated flame retardant based on ammonium polyphosphate.
EXOLIT AP 468 is primarily used in intumescent coatings, thermoplastics, and thermosetting resins, providing fire protection by forming a thick, insulating char layer when exposed to high temperatures.
This protective barrier prevents heat and oxygen from reaching the underlying material, significantly slowing combustion and reducing smoke generation.
EXOLIT AP 468 is widely recognized for its excellent thermal stability, low water solubility, and environmentally friendly properties, making it a preferred choice for applications requiring high-performance fire resistance without the use of harmful halogens.
EXOLIT AP 468 is commonly used in construction materials, wood coatings, textiles, and plastics, ensuring compliance with stringent fire safety regulations.
Additionally, EXOLIT AP 468's compatibility with various polymer systems allows for versatile formulation options across industries, including automotive, aerospace, and electronics.
With EXOLIT AP 468's proven ability to enhance fire resistance while maintaining mechanical properties, EXOLIT AP 468 plays a crucial role in modern fire-retardant technologies.
EXOLIT AP 468 acts as a halogen-free, micro-encapsulated flame retardant.
EXOLIT AP 468 is based on a non-hygroscopic and non-flammable, highly water resistant ammonium polyphosphate (APP).
Designed for solvent-based, semi- and fully- exposed intumescent coatings on wood or plastics and enables these materials to qualify for Building Material Class B.
EXOLIT AP 468 is suggested for PU resins, paper and wood gel coats, back and cable coatings.
Casting resins based on epoxy or unsaturated polyester resins achieve the classification UL94-V0.
Provides low viscosity in aqueous suspension, lower heat stability and improved powder flowability.
Suitable as an "acid donor" and coated steel structures can meet the requirements of fire resistance classes specified in EN, DIN, BS and ASTM.
EXOLIT AP 468 also enables to pass pool test (Dunkin’ Cookie Test) even at 35°C and enhances the water stability.
Coatings based on EXOLIT AP 468 can pass Climate Chamber Test according to ETAG 018-Y without topcoat.
Designed for polyurethane foams, insulation, dispersion, fibre/ fabric treatment and rubber seals.
EXOLIT AP 468 is manufactured from long-chain phase II APP by micro-encapsulation with melamine formaldehyde resin according to unique method.
Provides low viscosity in aqueous suspension, lower heat stability and improved powder flowability.
EXOLIT AP 468 is suggested for PU resins, epoxy or unsaturated polyester resins.
EXOLIT AP 468 is a free flowing white powder with very low solubility in water, even at elevated temperatures.
Additionally, EXOLIT AP 468 is completely insoluble in organic solvents.
EXOLIT AP 468 is non-hygroscopic and non-flammable.
EXOLIT AP non-halogenated flame retardants are safer and more sustainable alternatives to volatile and scrutinized flame retardants such as halogenated and non-halogenated phosphate esters.
EXOLIT AP 468s are based on high molecular weight ammonium polyphosphate (phase II).
Because of lower solubility in water, catalyst interaction is reduced.
EXOLIT AP 468 can be used on their own in synergistic combinations.
EXOLIT AP 468 microcapsule APP (second stage), suitable for harsh external applications
EXOLIT AP 468 is a newly developed test product based on ammonium polyphosphate (APP).
EXOLIT AP 468 is a free-flowing white powder with extremely low water solubility even at high temperatures.
In addition, EXOLIT AP 468 is completely insoluble in organic solvents.
EXOLIT AP 468 is a non-halogenated, phosphorus-based flame retardant primarily composed of ammonium polyphosphate.
EXOLIT AP 468 is widely used in intumescent coatings, thermoplastics, thermosetting resins, and other fire-resistant applications due to its excellent flame-retardant properties.
When exposed to high temperatures or flames, EXOLIT AP 468 initiates an intumescent reaction, forming a stable, thick, and insulating char layer that effectively protects underlying materials from heat and oxygen, significantly slowing down combustion and minimizing smoke and toxic gas emissions.
This mechanism makes EXOLIT AP 468 particularly valuable in fire-protection coatings for steel structures, wood, textiles, and plastics, ensuring compliance with international fire safety standards.
EXOLIT AP 468 is highly stable, featuring low water solubility, which enhances its durability and effectiveness in humid or outdoor environments.
EXOLIT AP 468's non-halogenated composition makes it an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional flame retardants, avoiding concerns related to halogen-based toxicity and corrosiveness.
EXOLIT AP 468 is designed for compatibility with a wide range of polymer systems, including polyurethane (PU), epoxy resins, acrylics, and polyethylene (PE), allowing for flexible applications across multiple industries.
EXOLIT AP 468 is commonly used in the construction, automotive, aerospace, and electronics sectors, where fire safety is a critical requirement.
In addition to its flame-retardant efficiency, EXOLIT AP 468 is also valued for its ability to maintain the mechanical and aesthetic properties of treated materials.
Unlike some fire retardants that can weaken or degrade the substrate, EXOLIT AP 468 integrates well with coatings, adhesives, and composite materials, preserving their original performance.
EXOLIT AP 468 is often utilized in protective coatings for buildings, fire-retardant paints, insulation foams, and electrical components.
Thanks to its high thermal stability and reliable performance, EXOLIT AP 468 meets stringent fire protection regulations such as UL 94, DIN EN 13501, and NFPA standards.
EXOLIT AP 468's widespread industrial use, combined with its environmental benefits and long-lasting effectiveness, makes it a preferred choice for manufacturers and engineers seeking advanced fire-retardant solutions.
Uses of EXOLIT AP 468:
EXOLIT AP 468 is widely used across various industries due to its highly effective flame-retardant properties and environmental safety.
EXOLIT AP 468 is commonly applied in intumescent coatings for steel structures, wood, and construction materials, where it provides critical fire protection by forming an insulating char layer that slows combustion.
In the plastics and polymer industry, EXOLIT AP 468 is used in thermoplastics, thermosetting resins, and foams to enhance fire resistance without compromising mechanical properties.
EXOLIT AP 468 is also an essential additive in textiles, ensuring that fabrics used in furniture, automotive interiors, and protective clothing meet stringent fire safety standards.
Additionally, EXOLIT AP 468 is utilized in electrical and electronic components, helping to reduce fire risks in circuit boards, cables, and housings.
Due to its low water solubility and non-halogenated composition, EXOLIT AP 468 is particularly beneficial in applications where long-term durability and environmental compliance are required, making it a preferred flame-retardant choice for manufacturers seeking sustainable and high-performance fire protection solutions.
EXOLIT AP 468 is extensively used in a wide range of industries due to its superior flame-retardant properties, environmental safety, and compatibility with various materials.
One of its primary applications is in intumescent coatings, where EXOLIT AP 468 is used to protect steel structures, wood, and construction materials by forming a thick, insulating char layer that prevents heat penetration and slows combustion in the event of a fire.
In the plastics and polymer industry, EXOLIT AP 468 is incorporated into thermoplastics, thermosetting resins, polyurethanes, and epoxy systems, making them fire-resistant without compromising their mechanical strength or flexibility.
EXOLIT AP 468 is particularly beneficial in automotive and aerospace applications, where lightweight, flame-retardant materials are crucial for safety regulations.
In the textile sector, EXOLIT AP 468 is used to enhance the fire resistance of upholstery, carpets, protective clothing, and industrial fabrics, ensuring compliance with stringent fire safety standards in transportation, military, and consumer applications.
EXOLIT AP 468 is also a key additive in electrical and electronic components, reducing the fire hazards associated with circuit boards, cables, power housings, and insulation materials.
EXOLIT AP 468's low water solubility and high thermal stability make it ideal for long-term applications, even in humid or outdoor environments.
Additionally, EXOLIT AP 468 plays an essential role in fire-retardant paints and coatings, which are widely used in buildings, tunnels, and transportation infrastructure to provide enhanced fire protection without releasing toxic halogen-based byproducts.
Beyond traditional industries, EXOLIT AP 468 is increasingly being adopted in sustainable fire safety solutions, such as eco-friendly construction materials and bio-based composites, due to its non-halogenated, low-emission profile.
EXOLIT AP 468 is also utilized in adhesives, sealants, and foams, where it enhances fire resistance while maintaining EXOLIT AP 468’s original performance.
With its effectiveness in reducing fire risks and its compliance with international safety standards, EXOLIT AP 468 remains a critical component in modern fire-retardant technologies, offering manufacturers a safe, durable, and environmentally responsible solution for fire protection.
Applications of EXOLIT AP 468:
EXOLIT AP 468 can be used for all applications.
Ammonium polyphosphate is suitable for all applications.
If a specific phosphorus content is required to obtain the desired effect, the phosphorus content of EXOLIT AP 468 should be lower to compensate by increasing the amount of product added.
EXOLIT AP 468 can be advantageously used in intumescent coatings, among which Ammonium polyphosphate needs to have very low water solubility and low thermal stability at temperatures higher than 300°C to help more coatings to foam quickly.
The EXOLIT AP products are phosphorus-based flame retardants for polyurethanes that allow meeting stringent emission and migration requirements, because they are inorganic solids with low vapor pressure and solubility.
EXOLIT AP 468 can be used for all applications ammonium polyphosphate is suitable for.
In cases where a specific phosphorus content is required to obtain the desired effect, the lower phosphorus content of EXOLIT AP 468 should be compensated by increasing the amount of product added.
EXOLIT AP 468 can be used advantageously in intumescent coatings where the ammonium polyphosphate is required to have extremely low water solubility and where lower heat stability at temperatures above 300 °C contributes to more rapid foaming of the coating.
Intumescent Coatings:
On account of EXOLIT AP 468 low water solubility, EXOLIT AP 468 (TP) is particularly suitable as an ”acid donor” for intumescent coatings.
Other essential components of intumescent systems include a binder, a carbon donor (e.g. pentaerythritol) and a blowing agent (e.g. melamine).
On exposure to flame, the intumescent coatings form a carbonaceous foam which effectively shields the underlying material from temperature increases.
Steel structures coated with intumescent paints can meet the requirements of fire resistance classes specified in EN, DIN, BS, ASTM and others.
The application of EXOLIT AP 468 based intumescent coatings on wood or plastics enables these materials to qualify for Building Material Class B (DIN EN 13501-1).
Intumescent coatings are needed for external use in regions with challenging high humidity conditions.
Intumescent coating formulations with standard encapsulated APP can create blooming or bubbles and loose EXOLIT AP 468 effect as flame retardant under these conditions.
A well accepted test is the water ponding test, also known as “pool-test” or so called “dunkin’-cookie” test.
EXOLIT AP 468 meets these demanding requirements and is well suited for all IC systems for external use.
EXOLIT AP 468 imparts a good flame-retardant effect to adhesives and sealants when EXOLIT AP 468 is incorporated into the base formulation at the rate of 10 - 20 %.
Polyurethane Foams:
EXOLIT AP 468 is a suitable non-halogenated flame retardant for polyurethane foams.
If handling of EXOLIT AP 468 as a solid is not possible we recommend the dosage of the flame retardant by preparing an EXOLIT AP 468/polyol-suspension.
To prevent the solid from settling the EXOLIT AP 468 suspensions should be stirred or circulated by pump.
Other Applications of EXOLIT AP 468:
EXOLIT AP 468 has an excellent flame-retardant effect in cellulose-containing materials such as paper and wood products.
With chipboard products the B classification according to DIN EN 13501-1 can be achieved by adding 15 - 20 % EXOLIT AP 468.
Casting resins based on epoxy resins or unsaturated polyester resins achieve the classification UL94-V0 with EXOLIT AP 468.
Benefits of EXOLIT AP 468:
Extremely low water solubility.
Completely insoluble in organic solvents, non-hygroscopic and non-flammable.
Even lower viscosity in aqueous suspension, lower heat stability in the temperature range > 300 °C and improved powder flowability in comparison to EXOLIT AP 422.
Enables to achieve requirements concerning weatherability (e.g. ETAG 018-2, Type Y) without applying a top coat.
Enhances the durability of solvent based intumescent coatings in challenging weather conditions (e.g. high humidity and elevated temperatures).
The application of EXOLIT AP 468 based intumescent coatings on wood or plastics enables these materials to qualify for Building Material Class B (DIN EN 13501-1).
Imparts a good flame-retardant effect to adhesives and sealants when EXOLIT AP 468 is incorporated into the base formulation at the rate of 10 - 20%.
Suitable non-halogenated flame retardant for polyurethane foams.
Excellent flame-retardant effect in cellulose-containing materials such as paper and wood products.
With chipboard products, the B classification according to DIN EN 13501-1 can be achieved by adding 15 - 20 %.
Casting resins based on epoxy resins or unsaturated polyester resins achieve the classification UL94-V0.
Can be used for all applications where ammonium polyphosphate is suitable.
Can be used advantageously in intumescent coatings where the ammonium polyphosphate is required to have extremely low water solubility and where lower heat stability at temperatures above 300 °C contributes to more rapid foaming of the coating.
Particularly suitable as an ”acid donor” for intumescent coatings thanks to EXOLIT AP 468 low water solubility.
Steel structures coated with intumescent paints can meet the requirements of fire resistance classes specified in EN, DIN, BS, ASTM and others.
Non-halogenated flame retardant with favorable environmental and health profile.
Advantages of EXOLIT AP 468:
Very low water solubility.
Completely insoluble in organic solvents, non-hygroscopic, non-flammable.
The viscosity in the aqueous suspension is even lower, and the thermal stability in the temperature range is lower> compared with EXOLIT, 300°C and improved powder flowability AP 422.
EXOLIT AP 468 can meet the weather resistance requirements without applying top coat (for example, ETAG 018-2, Y type).
Improve the durability of solvent-based intumescent coatings in challenging weather conditions (such as high humidity and high temperature).
The application of EXOLIT is based on AP 468 wood or plastic intumescent coatings to make these materials comply with building material class B (DIN EN 13501-1).
When the adhesive and sealant have good flame retardant effect, add EXOLIT AP 468 to the basic formula at a ratio of 10-20%.
Non-halogenated flame retardant suitable for polyurethane foam.
Wood products with excellent flame retardant effect in cellulose-containing materials (such as paper and paper).
With particleboard products, according to DIN EN 13501-1 Class B classification can be added 15-20%.
Casting resin based on epoxy resin or unsaturated polyester resin reaches the classification UL94-V0.
EXOLIT AP 468 is suitable for all applications where ammonium polyphosphate is suitable.
EXOLIT AP 468 can be advantageously used in intumescent coatings, where ammonium polyphosphate is required to have very low water solubility, and lower thermal stability at temperatures higher than 300°C contributes to faster coating foaming Particularly suitable as an "acid donor".
Due to EXOLIT AP 468s low water solubility, EXOLIT AP 468 can be used for intumescent coatings.
The steel structure coated with intumescent coating can meet the fire resistance requirements specified by EN, DIN, BS, ASTM, etc.
History of EXOLIT AP 468:
The history of EXOLIT AP 468 is rooted in the development of phosphorus-based, halogen-free flame retardants, which emerged as a safer and more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional halogenated compounds.
The demand for non-toxic, sustainable fire protection solutions grew significantly in the late 20th and early 21st centuries due to increasing awareness of the health and environmental risks associated with halogenated flame retardants, such as brominated and chlorinated compounds.
These traditional retardants were found to release toxic and corrosive gases during combustion, leading to stricter global regulations and a shift toward eco-friendly alternatives.
Phosphorus-based flame retardants, particularly ammonium polyphosphate (APP)-based formulations, became the focus of research and development in response to this regulatory shift.
Clariant, a leading specialty chemicals company, played a major role in innovating advanced flame-retardant technologies, leading to the introduction of EXOLIT AP 468 as part of its Exolit AP series.
Designed for intumescent coatings, plastics, textiles, and industrial applications, EXOLIT AP 468 was formulated to meet strict fire safety standards while maintaining durability and environmental compatibility.
Over the years, EXOLIT AP 468 has gained widespread adoption across industries, including construction, automotive, aerospace, textiles, and electronics, due to its high thermal stability, low water solubility, and effectiveness in forming protective char layers.
As fire safety regulations continue to evolve, EXOLIT AP 468 remains a preferred choice for manufacturers seeking sustainable, high-performance flame-retardant solutions that comply with international safety and environmental standards, such as REACH, RoHS, and UL 94.
EXOLIT AP 468's development represents a significant milestone in the evolution of green flame retardants, ensuring enhanced fire protection while reducing environmental impact.
Handling and Storage of EXOLIT AP 468:
Handling:
Avoid creating dust when handling EXOLIT AP 468.
Use appropriate equipment such as dust extraction systems when processing EXOLIT AP 468.
Always wear personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves and safety glasses, to prevent contact.
Storage:
Store in a cool, dry place, away from sources of heat, moisture, and direct sunlight.
Keep containers tightly sealed to prevent contamination.
EXOLIT AP 468 should be stored in compliance with local safety regulations.
Stability and Reactivity of EXOLIT AP 468:
Stability:
EXOLIT AP 468 is stable under normal conditions and does not pose significant reactivity hazards.
Reactivity:
EXOLIT AP 468 is not reactive with most substances, but it may decompose at elevated temperatures to release toxic fumes.
Avoid contact with strong acids or bases that could potentially degrade EXOLIT AP 468.
First Aid Measures of EXOLIT AP 468:
Inhalation:
If dust is inhaled, move the person to fresh air.
If symptoms persist, seek medical attention.
Skin Contact:
Wash affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water.
If irritation occurs, seek medical attention.
Eye Contact:
Rinse eyes immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
Seek medical attention if irritation persists.
Ingestion:
If swallowed, rinse mouth with water.
Seek medical attention if discomfort occurs.
Fire Fighting Measures of EXOLIT AP 468:
Suitable Extinguishing Media:
Use water, foam, dry chemical, or CO₂ to extinguish fires.
Fire Hazards:
EXOLIT AP 468 itself is not highly flammable, but it may decompose at high temperatures, releasing toxic gases such as phosphorus oxides.
Protective Equipment:
Firefighters should wear full protective gear, including self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), to avoid exposure to toxic fumes.
Accidental Release Measures of EXOLIT AP 468:
Personal Precautions:
Wear appropriate PPE, including gloves, goggles, and a dust mask.
Spill Cleanup:
Sweep or vacuum EXOLIT AP 468 carefully to avoid creating dust.
Place the collected material in a suitable container for disposal.
Avoid releasing large amounts of dust into the air.
Environmental Precautions:
Prevent EXOLIT AP 468 from entering drains, water systems, or the soil.
Dispose of EXOLIT AP 468 in accordance with local environmental regulations.
Exposure Controls/Personal Protective Equipment of EXOLIT AP 468:
Engineering Controls:
Use adequate ventilation systems, such as local exhaust ventilation, to minimize dust exposure.
Respiratory Protection:
If dust levels are high, use a dust mask (e.g., N95 or equivalent) to prevent inhalation of particles.
Eye Protection:
Wear safety goggles or face shields to protect eyes from potential dust or particles.
Skin Protection:
Wear gloves and long-sleeve clothing to prevent skin contact with EXOLIT AP 468.
Hygiene Measures:
Wash hands thoroughly after handling EXOLIT AP 468.
Avoid eating, drinking, or smoking in work areas.
Identifiers of EXOLIT AP 468:
CAS Number: 68333-79-9
EC Number: 269-012-7
Product Name: EXOLIT AP 468
HS Code: Varies depending on application
Chemical Name: Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) based flame retardant
CAS Number: 68333-79-9
EC Number: 269-012-7
UN Number: Typically not assigned
Product Number: Specific product numbers may vary by manufacturer or supplier, but it is commonly listed as EXOLIT AP 468 by Clariant.
Synonyms: Ammonium polyphosphate, APP flame retardant
HS Code: 3824.99
Properties of EXOLIT AP 468:
Physical Form: Powder - Solid
Appearance: White Powder
Flame Retardant: Non-halogenated, forms intumescent char layer.
Chemical Composition: Ammonium polyphosphate (APP).
Thermal Stability: High thermal resistance, stable at elevated temperatures.
Low Water Solubility: Maintains effectiveness in humid environments.
Environmental Friendly: Non-halogenated, low-emission.
Compatibility: Works well with various polymers, textiles, and resins.
Fire Safety: Meets UL 94, REACH, RoHS, and DIN EN 13501 standards.
Other EXOLIT Products:
EXOLIT AP 420
EXOLIT AP 422
EXOLIT AP 423
EXOLIT AP 431
EXOLIT AP 435
EXOLIT AP 462
EXOLIT AP 740
EXOLIT AP 740
EXOLIT AP 740 S
EXOLIT AP 750
EXOLIT IFR 36
EXOLIT AP 761
EXOLIT AP 765
EXOLIT AP 766
EXOLIT OP 550
EXOLIT OP 560
EXOLIT OP 930
EXOLIT OP 935
EXOLIT OP 945
EXOLIT OP 950
EXOLIT OP 1230
EXOLIT OP 1240
EXOLIT OP 1248
EXOLIT OP 1260
EXOLIT OP 1311
EXOLIT OP 1312
EXOLIT OP 1314
EXOLIT OP 1400
EXOLIT EP 150
EXOLIT RP 607
EXOLIT RP 614
EXOLIT RP 6500
EXOLIT RP 6520
EXOLIT 855
EXOLIT 5060 PK
Viscofil-EXOLIT 5060
