DECANOIC ACID
Decanoic acid is a medium-chain fatty acid found in coconut oil, palm kernel oil, and the milk of goats and cows, known for its slightly rancid or goat-like odor.
Decanoic acid is widely used in the production of esters for artificial flavorings, perfumes, and as an emulsifier in cosmetics and personal care products.
Decanoic acid has strong antimicrobial and antifungal properties, making it valuable in medical and preservative applications, and it is also an important component in ketogenic diets for energy metabolism.
CAS Number: 334-48-5
EC Number: 206-376-4
Chemical Formula: C10H20O2
Molecular Weight: 172.27 g/mol
Synonyms: Decanoic acid, CAPRIC ACID, 334-48-5, n-Decanoic acid, n-Capric acid, Decylic acid, Caprinic acid, Decoic acid, n-Decylic acid, 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid, n-Decoic acid, Caprynic acid, Hexacid 1095, Econosan Acid Sanitizer, NSC 5025, Decanoic acid (natural), FEMA No. 2364, C10:0, Dekansaeure, Emery 659, Kaprinsaeure, CCRIS 4610, HSDB 2751, EINECS 206-376-4, UNII-4G9EDB6V73, MFCD00004441, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 128955, BRN 1754556, 4G9EDB6V73, DTXSID9021554, Prifac 296, CHEBI:30813, AI3-04453, Prifac 2906, NSC-5025, Lunac 10-95, Lunac 10-98, PRIFAC-2906, DTXCID201554, PALMAC-99-10, NSC5025, caprynate, decoate, decylate, 4-02-00-01041 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), n-caprate, n-decoate, n-decylate, Lead caprate, NCGC00091320-02, 1-nonanecarboxylate, Decanoic acid anion, DKA, CH3-(CH2)8-COOH, CH3-[CH2]8-COOH, Versatic 10, CAS-334-48-5, caprinsaure, decansaure, Decansaeure, Docansaure, Decatoic acid, 1-decanoic acid, nonanecarboxylic acid, fatty acid 10:0, Prifrac 296, Prifrac 2906, Acid C10, Decanoic acid, 96%, Decansaeure (Altstoff), Nonane-1-carboxylic acid, Decanoic acid (Standard), DECANsaure (ALTSTOFF), bmse000370, SCHEMBL2682, WLN: QV9, DECANOIC ACID [FCC], Decanoic acid (Capric acid), N-CAPRIC ACID [MI], DECANOIC ACID [FHFI], DECANOIC ACID [HSDB], Decanoic acid, >=98.0%, MLS002415724, IS_D19-DECANOIC ACID, (1(1)(3)C)Decanoic acid, CHEMBL107498, GTPL5532, 1-NONANE CARBOXYLIC ACID, N-CAPRIC ACID [WHO-DD], Decanoic acid, lead (2+) salt, NAA 102, Decanoic acid, analytical standard, HMS2267B15, HY-W015309R, Decanoic acid, >=98.0% (GC), Tox21_113533, Tox21_202209, Tox21_300366, LMFA01010010, s6906, STL445666, Decanoic acid, >=98%, FCC, FG, AKOS000119623, CS-W016025, DB03600, FA 10:0, HY-W015309, USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 128955, NCGC00091320-01, NCGC00091320-03, NCGC00091320-04, NCGC00091320-05, NCGC00254437-01, NCGC00259758-01, AS-14704, BP-27911, FA(10:0), SMR001252255, SY061635, D0017, Decanoic acid, natural, >=98%, FCC, FG, NS00005224, EN300-19724, C-1095, C01571, D70225, CAPRIC ACID (CONSTITUENT OF SAW PALMETTO), Q422613, CAPRIC ACID (CONSTITUENT OF SAW PALMETTO) [DSC], Z104474944, 98230577-0D20-4F70-B532-00AC60132CFE, InChI=1/C10H20O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10(11)12/h2-9H2,1H3,(H,11,12
Decanoic acid is a saturated fatty acid with the chemical formula C10H20O2.
Decanoic acid is a medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) naturally found in various animal fats and plant oils, including coconut oil and palm kernel oil.
Decanoic acid appears as a colorless to pale yellow oily liquid with a mildly unpleasant odor, often described as rancid or goat-like, as it is one of the compounds responsible for the characteristic smell of goats.
Decanoic acid is widely used in the production of esters for artificial flavoring, perfumes, and lubricants.
Decanoic acid also serves as a key intermediate in the manufacture of soaps, detergents, and cosmetics due to its surfactant properties.
Additionally, Decanoic acid is utilized in the pharmaceutical industry for its potential antimicrobial and antifungal properties.
In nutrition and health applications, Decanoic acid is considered a beneficial medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) that can be rapidly metabolized by the liver for energy, making it a popular component in ketogenic diets and sports nutrition.
Decanoic acid has also been studied for its potential neuroprotective effects, particularly in managing epilepsy and neurodegenerative diseases.
With its diverse applications spanning from industrial uses to health and wellness, Decanoic acid continues to be a valuable compound in multiple sectors.
Decanoic acid is a saturated fatty acid, medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA), and carboxylic acid.
Decanoic acid is formula is CH3(CH2)8COOH.
Salts and esters of Decanoic acid are called caprates or decanoates.
Decanoic acid is a straight-chain saturated fatty acid and a medium-chain fatty acid.
The term Decanoic acid is derived from the Latin "caper / capra" (goat) because the sweaty, unpleasant smell of the compound is reminiscent of goats.
Decanoic acid is a C10, straight-chain saturated fatty acid.
Decanoic acid is a conjugate acid of a decanoate.
Decanoic acid derives from a hydride of a decane.
Decanoic acid is a saturated fatty acid that belongs to a class of organic compounds known as medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs).
Decanoic acid is a saturated fatty acid with a 10-carbon backbone.
Decanoic acid occurs naturally in coconut oils, palm kernel oil, and the milk of cow/goat.
Decanoic acid is most commonly used in the cosmetic and personal care, food/beverage, and pharmaceutical industries.
Decanoic acid is also used as an intermediate in chemical syntheses.
Furthermore, Decanoic acid is used in organic synthesis and in the manufacture of lubricants, greases, rubber, plastics, and dyes.
Decanoic acid is a medium-chain fatty acid found in saturated fats.
Small amounts are present in cow's milk and goat's milk, but Decanoic acid is abundant in tropical oils such as coconut oil and palm kernel oil.
Decanoic acid is a fatty acid that is found naturally in coconut and breast milk.
Decanoic acid, also known as octanoic acid, is also present in butter and palm oil.
Find out about the health benefits of caprylic acid and Decanoic acid.
Decanoic acid is a saturated fatty acid.
Decanoic acid occurs naturally in coconut oil (about 10%) and palm kernel oil (about 4 %), otherwise it is uncommon in typical seed oils.
Decanoic acid is found in the milk of various mammals and to a lesser extent in other animal fats.
Two other acids are named after goats: caproic (a C6 fatty acid) and caprylic (a C8 fatty acid).
Along with Decanoic acid, these total 15 % in goat milk fat.
Decanoic acid is a ten-carbon, saturated fatty acid.
Decanoic acid is present in palm kernel, coconut fat and in milk fat.
Reported found in apple, beer, preferments of bread, butter, oil, cheese, blue cheese, Romano cheese, cheddar cheese, Roquefort cheese, roasted cocoa bean, cognac, muscat grape, grape musts and wine, and other natural sources.
Also reported in citrus peel oils, orange juice, apricots, guava, papaya, strawberry, butter, yogurt, milk, mutton, hop oil, Bourbon and Scotch whiskey, rum, coffee, mango and tea.
Decanoic acid is helpful in the attenuation of oxidative stress.
Decanoic acid in ketogenic diet is involved in mitochondrial biogenesis thereby enhancing the citrate synthase and complex I activity of electron transport chain.
Decanoic acid has strong antiviral and antimicrobial properties.
Decanoic acid is converted into monocaprin in the body, where it can help combat viruses, bacteria and the yeast Candida albicans.
Decanoic acid is a short-chain, saturated acid occurring naturally in palm and coconut oils, as well as certain types of milk.
Decanoic acid is used for a variety of industrial and manufacturing processes.
Decanoic acid is commonly derived from both vegetable and animal sources.
Decanoic acid is mainly obtained from fractionation of a lauric-type oil.
Decanoic acid obtained has a freezing point of 31°C.
Decanoic acid is solid at room temperature, white opaque and with a characteristic pungent odor.
Fractionated fatty acids are mainly applied to the manufacture of: Amines, esters, fatty alcohols, peroxides, fragrances, flavors, surface finishing, lubricants, metal soaps, cosmetics, animal feed, paper, plastics, detergents, chemicals, resins and coatings.
Decanoic acid is a member of the series of fatty acids found in oils and animal fats.
The names of caproic, caprylic, and Decanoic acids are all derived from the word caper (Latin for goat).
These fatty acids are light yellowish transparent oily liquids with a sweaty, unpleasant aroma that is reminiscent of goats.
Decanoic acid is used in the manufacture of esters for artificial fruit flavors and perfumes.
Decanoic acid is also used as an intermediate in chemical syntheses.
Decanoic acid is used in organic synthesis and industrially in the manufacture of perfumes, lubricants, greases, rubber, dyes, plastics, food additives and pharmaceuticals.
Decanoic acid occurs naturally in coconut oil (about 10%) and palm kernel oil (about 4%), otherwise it is uncommon in typical seed oils.
Decanoic acid is found in the milk of various mammals and to a lesser extent in other animal fats.
Decanoic acid, caproic acid (a C6:0 fatty acid) and caprylic acid (a C8:0 fatty acid) account for about 15% of the fatty acids in goat milk fat.
Decanoic acid may be responsible for the mitochondrial proliferation associated with the ketogenic diet, which may occur via PPARgamma receptor agonism and the targeting of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis.
Decanoic acid can be prepared from oxidation of primary alcohol dacanol by using chromium trioxide (CrO3) oxidant under acidic conditions.
Neutralization of Decanoic acid or saponification of its esters, typically triglycerides, with sodium hydroxide will give sodium decanoate.
This salt (CH3(CH2)8COO−Na+) is a component of some types of soap.
Decanoic acid is used in the manufacture of esters for artificial fruit flavors and perfumes.
Decanoic acid is also used as an intermediate in chemical syntheses.
Decanoic acid is used in organic synthesis and industrially in the manufacture of perfumes, lubricants, greases, rubber, dyes, plastics, food additives and pharmaceuticals.
Decanoic acid is naturally found in various animal and plant sources.
Decanoic acid is a component of certain fats and oils, including coconut oil, palm oil, and goat's milk.
In these natural sources, Decanoic acid is typically present as a part of triglycerides (fats).
Decanoic acid is often used in the cosmetics and personal care industry for its emollient and moisturizing properties.
Decanoic acid can be found in skincare products, lotions, creams, and hair care products to provide hydration and softness to the skin and hair.
Decanoic acid can contribute to the flavor and aroma of certain foods.
Decanoic acid has a slightly fruity and creamy taste and is used in flavoring agents for confectionery and dairy products.
Some proponents of alternative medicine and certain dietary approaches suggest that MCFAs, including Decanoic acid, may have health benefits.
They are sometimes included in nutritional supplements for potential benefits related to metabolism and energy.
Decanoic acid can be prepared from oxidation of primary alcohol decanol, by using chromium trioxide (CrO3) oxidant under acidic conditions.
Neutralization of Decanoic acid or saponification of its esters, typically triglycerides, with sodium hydroxide will give sodium decanoate.
This salt (CH3(CH2)8COO-Na+) is a component of some types of soap.
Decanoic acid reacts exothermically to neutralize bases.
Decanoic acid can react with active metals to form gaseous hydrogen and a metal salt.
Decanoic acid may absorb enough water from the air and dissolve sufficiently in Decanoic acid to corrode or dissolve iron, steel, and aluminum parts and containers.
Decanoic acid reacts with cyanide salts or solutions of cyanide salts to generate gaseous hydrogen cyanide.
Decanoic acid reacts exothermically with diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, and sulfides to generate flammable and/or toxic gases.
Decanoic acid can react with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), to generate flammable and/or toxic gases and heat.
Decanoic acid reacts with carbonates and bicarbonates to generate a harmless gas (carbon dioxide).
Decanoic acid can be oxidized exothermically by strong oxidizing agents and reduced by strong reducing agents; a wide variety of products is possible.
Decanoic acid may initiate polymerization reactions or catalyze (increase the rate of) reactions among other materials.
Decanoic acid acts as a non-competitive AMPA receptor antagonist at therapeutically relevant concentrations, in a voltage- and subunit-dependent manner, and this is sufficient to explain its antiseizure effects.
Decanoic acid is a saturated fatty acid that belongs to the medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) family, commonly found in natural sources such as coconut oil, palm kernel oil, and the milk of various mammals, including goats and cows.
Decanoic acid is a colorless to pale yellow liquid at room temperature with a slightly rancid or pungent odor, which is often associated with goat-like or sweaty aromas due to its presence in animal fats.
Decanoic acid serves as a precursor in the production of esters used in perfumes and flavorings, contributing to the fragrance and taste of various consumer products.
In the cosmetics and personal care industry, Decanoic acid is a key ingredient in soaps, shampoos, and creams due to its emulsifying and moisturizing properties, helping to create smooth, stable formulations.
Decanoic acid's antimicrobial and antifungal characteristics make it valuable in medicinal and preservative applications, particularly in controlling the growth of harmful bacteria and fungi.
In the realm of nutrition, Decanoic acid is an important component of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), which are rapidly metabolized by the liver to provide a quick source of energy.
This makes Decanoic acid especially beneficial for individuals following ketogenic or low-carbohydrate diets, as it aids in sustaining energy levels and promoting fat metabolism.
Research has also suggested that Decanoic acid may have neuroprotective properties, particularly in managing epilepsy, as it plays a role in modulating neurotransmitter activity and ketone production.
Furthermore, Decanoic acid has been explored for its potential benefits in reducing inflammation, improving gut health, and even exerting antibacterial effects against certain pathogens.
As a versatile and multifunctional fatty acid, Decanoic acid continues to be an essential compound in food, health, and industrial applications, demonstrating its significance across various fields.
Market Overview of Decanoic acid:
The global Decanoic acid market has been experiencing steady growth, driven by its widespread use in industries such as food and beverages, personal care, pharmaceuticals, and industrial applications.
The increasing demand for natural and sustainable ingredients, particularly in the cosmetics and food industries, has contributed to its market expansion.
Decanoic acid is primarily sourced from coconut oil, palm kernel oil, and animal fats, with major producers concentrated in regions like Southeast Asia, where these raw materials are abundant.
Market Drivers:
Rising Demand for Natural and Sustainable Ingredients:
With growing consumer preference for plant-based and biodegradable ingredients, Decanoic acid's role in cosmetics, food preservatives, and lubricants has increased.
Growth in the Personal Care and Cosmetics Industry:
The use of Decanoic acid in skincare products, shampoos, and soaps has expanded due to its emulsifying, moisturizing, and antimicrobial properties.
Expanding Applications in Pharmaceuticals and Health Supplements:
The increasing awareness of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) for energy, weight management, and neurological health is boosting demand for Decanoic acid in the health sector.
Rising Popularity of the Ketogenic Diet:
The growing adoption of ketogenic and low-carb diets has led to a surge in demand for MCT oils, where Decanoic acid is a key component.
Growth in the Industrial Sector:
Decanoic acid is widely used in lubricants, greases, and plasticizers, supporting its market expansion in manufacturing and chemical industries.
Market Challenges:
Fluctuating Raw Material Prices:
Since Decanoic acid is derived from natural oils like coconut and palm kernel oil, its price is subject to fluctuations in raw material availability and global supply chain disruptions.
Environmental Concerns Related to Palm Oil Production:
The deforestation and environmental impact associated with palm oil extraction have led to stricter regulations, affecting Decanoic acid supply and pricing.
Competition from Synthetic Alternatives:
The presence of synthetic fatty acids and emulsifiers in the market may limit the demand for naturally derived Decanoic acid in some industries.
Regional Insights:
Asia-Pacific:
The largest producer and consumer of Decanoic acid, driven by abundant raw materials in countries like Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines, as well as increasing industrial and cosmetic applications.
North America & Europe:
Growing demand for organic and sustainable ingredients in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals is fueling market growth.
The expanding ketogenic diet trend and the use of MCT oils further support demand.
Latin America & Africa:
Emerging markets with increasing industrialization and growing consumer interest in health-conscious products.
Future Trends and Opportunities:
The Decanoic acid market is expected to grow further due to increasing demand for natural preservatives, sustainable ingredients, and MCT-based health supplements.
Innovation in extraction techniques, environmentally friendly sourcing, and expansion into emerging markets will likely shape the industry’s future.
The shift towards eco-friendly cosmetics and sustainable food additives will continue to drive demand for naturally derived Decanoic acid, making it a key player in multiple industries.
Uses of Decanoic acid:
Decanoic acid is a versatile medium-chain fatty acid widely used across various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and industrial applications.
In the food and nutrition sector, Decanoic acid is a key component of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), which are rapidly metabolized for energy and commonly included in ketogenic diets and sports nutrition.
Decanoic acid also serves as a flavoring agent and a natural preservative due to its antimicrobial properties.
In pharmaceuticals, Decanoic acid has been studied for its potential role in managing epilepsy, promoting gut health, and exhibiting antimicrobial and antifungal effects, making it useful in medicinal formulations.
The cosmetics and personal care industry relies on Decanoic acid for its emulsifying properties in lotions, creams, and shampoos, as well as its role in soap-making, where it enhances lathering and cleansing.
Additionally, Decanoic acid contributes to fragrance production by forming esters that create pleasant scents in perfumes.
On the industrial side, Decanoic acid is utilized in the production of lubricants, greases, plasticizers, and textile treatments, as well as in the synthesis of specialty chemicals.
Decanoic acid's ability to function as an emulsifier, antimicrobial agent, and energy-boosting compound makes it an essential ingredient across multiple fields, reinforcing its importance in both consumer and industrial applications.
Decanoic acid is used in organic synthesis and industrially in the manufacture of perfumes, lubricants, greases, rubber, dyes, plastics, food additives and pharmaceuticals.
Decanoic acid is used in the preparation of ammonium decanoate (a surfactant) and for the preparation of disperse phase.
Decanoic acid is used in cosmetics, skincare products, and hair care items due to its emollient and moisturizing properties.
Decanoic acid helps soften the skin and hair, providing hydration and a smooth texture.
Decanoic acid is employed in the fragrance industry to contribute to the aroma of certain scents.
Decanoic acid can have a slightly creamy and fruity aroma, making it useful in creating fragrance compounds.
Decanoic acid is utilized in the food industry as a flavoring agent.
Decanoic acid imparts a slightly fruity and creamy taste and is often found in confectionery products and dairy items.
In some pharmaceutical formulations, Decanoic acid is used as a binder or excipient to help bind the ingredients in tablets and capsules.
Medium-chain fatty acids like Decanoic acid are known for their potential antimicrobial properties.
They can disrupt the lipid membranes of certain microorganisms, which makes them useful in food preservation and antimicrobial products.
Decanoic acid, along with other medium-chain fatty acids, is sometimes included in dietary supplements.
These supplements are promoted for their potential health benefits, such as improving metabolism and providing a quick source of energy.
Decanoic acid has applications in biotechnology and cell culture as a component of cell culture media for the growth and maintenance of certain cell types.
Decanoic acid can be used in the production of industrial lubricants due to its properties as a fatty acid.
In the mining industry, Decanoic acid and other fatty acids are used as flotation agents to help separate minerals from ore.
Decanoic acid can be used as a reagent in chemical synthesis for various reactions.
Some polymers may incorporate Decanoic acid in their structure for specific properties.
Decanoic acid, in combination with other fatty acids, is used as an emulsifier in the food industry.
Emulsifiers help mix ingredients that do not naturally combine, such as oil and water, to create stable and uniform food products.
Decanoic acid can enhance the overall flavor and aroma of certain food products.
Decanoic acid is sometimes used in the formulation of bakery products, chocolates, and other confectioneries.
Decanoic acid, as a medium-chain fatty acid, is considered a potential dietary source of energy for those following a ketogenic diet.
The diet aims to promote the use of fat for energy rather than carbohydrates.
Some nutritional and weight management products contain Decanoic acid due to its potential to promote feelings of fullness and aid in weight management.
In intimate and personal care products, Decanoic acid is used as a lubricant to enhance comfort and reduce friction.
Decanoic acid is considered more environmentally friendly than some other chemicals, and it can be found in biodegradable and "green" products, including detergents, soaps, and cleaning agents.
Decanoic acid is used in some applications as a foaming agent to create stable foam in products like shaving creams, bath products, and cleaning solutions.
Decanoic acid can act as a solvent for various substances, making it useful in cleaning agents and degreasers.
In the craft industry, Decanoic acid is used in the production of candles and wax products to modify the properties of wax.
Decanoic acid has a wide range of uses across multiple industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and industrial applications.
Some of Decanoic acid's key uses include:
Food and Nutrition:
Medium-Chain Triglycerides (MCTs):
Decanoic acid is a component of MCT oil, which is rapidly metabolized for energy and commonly used in ketogenic diets and sports nutrition.
Flavoring Agent:
Decanoic acid is used in the production of esters for artificial flavorings in food and beverages.
Preservative:
Due to its antimicrobial properties, Decanoic acid helps inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria and fungi in food products.
Pharmaceuticals and Medicine:
Antimicrobial and Antifungal Agent:
Decanoic acid is used in medicinal formulations to combat bacterial and fungal infections.
Epilepsy Management:
Research suggests that Decanoic acid plays a role in reducing seizure activity, making it beneficial for epilepsy treatment, particularly in ketogenic therapy.
Gut Health:
Decanoic acid may contribute to improved digestion by promoting the growth of beneficial gut bacteria and reducing harmful microbes.
Cosmetics and Personal Care:
Soaps and Detergents:
Decanoic acid is used in soap-making due to its ability to create lather and cleanse effectively.
Emulsifier in Skincare:
Decanoic acid helps stabilize creams, lotions, and shampoos, ensuring a smooth consistency.
Fragrance Production:
Decanoic acid is used to produce esters that contribute to pleasant scents in perfumes and beauty products.
Industrial Applications
Lubricants and Greases:
Decanoic acid is used in the manufacture of lubricants for machinery and automotive applications.
Plastic and Polymer Production:
Decanoic acid is utilized in the synthesis of plasticizers and other chemical intermediates.
Textile Treatment:
Decanoic acid is used in fabric softeners and conditioning agents for textiles.
Overall, Decanoic acid is a versatile compound with significant benefits across multiple industries, from enhancing food and health products to playing a crucial role in industrial manufacturing and consumer goods.
Benefits of Decanoic acid:
Decanoic acid offers a wide range of benefits across health, nutrition, skincare, and industrial applications.
Health and Nutrition Benefits:
Quick Energy Source:
As a medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA), Decanoic acid is rapidly metabolized by the liver, providing an immediate source of energy without being stored as fat.
Supports Ketogenic Diets:
Decanoic acid enhances ketone production, making it beneficial for those following a ketogenic or low-carb diet to boost energy and mental clarity.
Neuroprotective Effects:
Research suggests that Decanoic acid may help reduce seizures in epilepsy patients by modulating neurotransmitters and supporting brain function.
Antimicrobial and Antifungal Properties:
Decanoic acid helps fight bacteria, fungi, and viruses, making it useful in treating infections and maintaining a healthy gut microbiome.
Digestive Health:
Decanoic acid can improve gut health by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria while inhibiting harmful pathogens.
Skin and Personal Care Benefits:
Moisturizing and Emollient Properties:
Decanoic acid helps retain skin moisture and prevents dryness, making it a common ingredient in lotions, creams, and balms.
Supports Acne Treatment:
Due to its antimicrobial nature, Decanoic acid may help reduce acne by combating acne-causing bacteria.
Enhances Soap and Skincare Products:
Decanoic acid acts as a surfactant and emulsifier, helping to stabilize and improve the texture of cosmetics, shampoos, and body washes.
Industrial and Environmental Benefits:
Biodegradable and Eco-Friendly:
Unlike synthetic chemicals, Decanoic acid is naturally derived and breaks down easily, making it an environmentally friendly alternative in industrial applications.
Used in Lubricants and Greases:
Decanoic acid improves the efficiency and longevity of industrial machinery by reducing friction and wear.
Acts as a Preservative in Food and Pharmaceuticals:
Decanoic acid's antimicrobial effects help extend shelf life and prevent spoilage in various products.
Production of Decanoic acid:
Decanoic acid is primarily produced from natural sources such as coconut oil, palm kernel oil, and animal fats through a series of extraction, refining, and purification processes.
The production begins with oil extraction, where coconuts or palm kernels are harvested and processed to obtain crude oil, which is then refined to remove impurities.
The refined oil undergoes hydrolysis, a process that breaks down triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol.
Fractional distillation is then used to separate Decanoic acid from other fatty acids based on their distinct boiling points.
Further purification steps, such as distillation and crystallization, help achieve a high-purity Decanoic acid suitable for industrial, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications.
The final product is either used as a raw material in the production of esters, soaps, and lubricants or incorporated into health and personal care products due to its antimicrobial and emulsifying properties.
With the growing demand for natural and sustainable ingredients, the production of Decanoic acid continues to expand, especially in regions rich in coconut and palm oil resources, such as Southeast Asia.
History of Decanoic acid:
The history of Decanoic acid dates back to early studies of fatty acids and their natural sources.
The name "Decanoic acid" is derived from the Latin word capra, meaning "goat," because it was first identified in goat fat and is responsible for the characteristic odor found in goat milk and certain animal fats.
In the 19th century, as the field of organic chemistry developed, scientists began isolating and classifying different fatty acids based on their chain lengths and properties.
Decanoic acid was recognized as one of the medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), along with caprylic acid (C8) and lauric acid (C12), due to its presence in natural fats such as coconut oil, palm kernel oil, and dairy products.
With advancements in industrial chemistry in the 20th century, Decanoic acid gained commercial importance, particularly in the production of soaps, detergents, and personal care products.
Decanoic acid's antimicrobial properties led to its incorporation in pharmaceuticals and food preservatives, while its ability to provide quick energy made it a key component of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) used in nutrition and ketogenic diets.
As the demand for natural and sustainable ingredients increased in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, Decanoic acid's role expanded into eco-friendly products, biodegradable lubricants, and organic skincare formulations.
Today, Decanoic acid remains a valuable compound in various industries, with ongoing research exploring its potential in health, medicine, and biotechnology.
Handling and Storage of Decanoic acid:
Handling:
Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing.
Ensure good ventilation in the workplace to minimize inhalation of fumes or vapors.
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing.
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practices.
Prevent the formation of aerosols and ensure containers are tightly sealed to prevent contamination.
Storage:
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from sources of heat, open flames, and direct sunlight.
Keep containers tightly closed and properly labeled.
Decanoic acid should be stored in containers made from materials that are compatible with fatty acids (e.g., stainless steel, certain plastics).
Avoid storing near strong oxidizers or reactive chemicals.
Keep away from incompatible materials such as strong acids, bases, and oxidizing agents.
Stability and Reactivity of Decanoic acid:
Stability:
Decanoic acid is stable under normal conditions of use and storage.
Decanoic acid is susceptible to oxidation over time, especially when exposed to light, heat, or air.
Decanoic acid should be stored in airtight containers to prevent oxidation.
Reactivity:
Decanoic acid reacts with strong oxidizing agents, bases, and metals.
Reacts with alkali hydroxides to form soaps (saponification reaction).
Avoid contact with reactive chemicals such as concentrated acids and alkalis, as well as oxidizers.
May polymerize when exposed to heat or light for extended periods.
First Aid Measures of Decanoic acid:
Inhalation:
Remove the person to fresh air immediately.
If symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, or difficulty breathing occur, seek medical attention.
If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen and seek medical care.
Skin Contact:
Wash the affected area with soap and water immediately.
Remove contaminated clothing and footwear.
If skin irritation persists, seek medical attention.
For large skin exposures, seek immediate medical help.
Eye Contact:
Flush eyes with copious amounts of water for at least 15 minutes, ensuring the eyelids are held open.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation persists.
Ingestion:
Rinse mouth with water and seek medical attention.
Do not induce vomiting unless directed by a medical professional.
If the person is conscious, give water to drink, but do not give anything to an unconscious or convulsing person.
Fire Fighting Measures of Decanoic acid:
Extinguishing Media:
Use dry chemical, foam, carbon dioxide (CO2), or water spray to extinguish fires.
Water may be effective in cooling down containers but should be used cautiously.
Specific Hazards:
Decanoic acid is combustible and can catch fire when exposed to high heat or open flames.
Decomposition of Decanoic acid may produce irritating fumes and gases, such as carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO₂).
Use appropriate firefighting gear, including self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and protective clothing.
Fire-Fighting Procedures:
Evacuate the area and limit access to authorized personnel.
Use appropriate protective equipment during firefighting efforts.
Avoid inhaling fumes and smoke during a fire.
Accidental Release Measures of Decanoic acid:
Personal Precautions:
Evacuate the area if necessary.
Wear appropriate PPE, including gloves, goggles, and protective clothing.
Avoid contact with spilled material and prevent entry into waterways, sewers, and confined spaces.
Ensure proper ventilation to avoid inhaling vapors.
Environmental Precautions:
Prevent the spill from spreading to drains, water sources, or soil.
If the material enters a water source, contact the relevant environmental agency immediately.
Cleanup Methods:
Contain the spill using sand, earth, or other suitable materials.
Transfer spilled material into a properly labeled waste container for disposal.
Clean the area with appropriate absorbent materials and dispose of them in accordance with local regulations.
Wash the contaminated area thoroughly after the spill is cleaned up.
Exposure Controls/Personal Protective Equipment of Decanoic acid:
Exposure Limits:
No specific OSHA or ACGIH exposure limits for Decanoic acid, but exposure should be minimized to avoid irritation and harmful effects.
Follow workplace regulations and guidelines for safe handling of chemicals.
Engineering Controls:
Ensure adequate ventilation, especially in enclosed spaces, to prevent the buildup of vapors.
Use local exhaust ventilation where necessary.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Eye Protection:
Wear safety goggles or a face shield to protect the eyes from splashes.
Skin Protection:
Wear gloves made of material resistant to fatty acids (e.g., nitrile or neoprene).
Protective clothing (e.g., aprons) may be necessary for handling large quantities.
Respiratory Protection:
If ventilation is inadequate or if there is a risk of inhaling vapors, use an approved respirator.
Hand Protection:
Nitrile gloves or other chemical-resistant gloves are recommended to prevent skin contact.
Identifiers of Decanoic acid:
Chemical Formula: C₁₀H₂₀O₂
Molecular Weight: 172.27 g/mol
CAS Number: 334-48-5
PubChem CID: 2969
EC Number: 206-376-4
UNII (FDA): 8K3A5M7P7U
SMILES Notation: CCCCCCCCCC(=O)O
InChI Key: GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI: InChI=1S/C10H20O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10(11)12/h2-9H2,1H3,(H,11,12)
FEMA Number: 3252
EINECS Number: 206-376-4
CAS Number:
334-48-5
1002-62-6 (sodium salt)
ChEBI: CHEBI:30813
ChEMBL: ChEMBL107498
ChemSpider: 2863
DrugBank: DB03600
ECHA InfoCard: 100.005.798
EC Number: 206-376-4
IUPHAR/BPS: 5532
KEGG: C01571
PubChem CID: 2969
RTECS number: HD9100000
UNII:
4G9EDB6V73
4I820XKV2A (sodium salt)
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID9021554
InChI: InChI=1S/C10H20O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10(11)12/h2-9H2,1H3,(H,11,12)
Key: GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C10H20O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10(11)12/h2-9H2,1H3,(H,11,12)
Key: GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYAC
SMILES: O=C(O)CCCCCCCCC
Properties of Decanoic acid:
Chemical formula: C10H20O2
Molar mass: 172.268 g·mol−1
Appearance: White crystals
Odor: Strong rancid and unpleasant
Density: 0.893 g/cm3 (25 °C)
0.8884 g/cm3 (35.05 °C)
0.8773 g/cm3 (50.17 °C)
Melting point: 31.6 °C (88.9 °F; 304.8 K)
Boiling point: 268.7 °C (515.7 °F; 541.8 K)
Solubility in water: 0.015 g/100 mL (20 °C)
Solubility: Soluble in alcohol, ether, CHCl3, C6H6, CS2, acetone
log P: 4.09
Vapor pressure: 4.88·10−5 kPa (25 °C)
0.1 kPa (108 °C)
2.03 kPa (160 °C)
Acidity (pKa): 4.9
Thermal conductivity: 0.372 W/m·K (solid)
0.141 W/m·K (liquid)
Refractive index (nD): 1.4288 (40 °C)
Viscosity: 4.327 cP (50 °C)
2.88 cP (70 °C)
Melting point: 27-32 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 268-270 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.893 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor pressure: 15 mm Hg ( 160 °C)
refractive index: 1.4169
FEMA: 2364 | DECANOIC ACID
Flash point: >230 °F
storage temp.: room temp
solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
pka: 4.79±0.10(Predicted)
form: Crystalline Solid
color: White
PH: 4 (0.2g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Odor: Odorless
Odor Type: fatty
Viscosity: 6mm2/s
Water Solubility: 0.15 g/L (20 º C)
Merck: 14,1758
JECFA Number: 105
BRN: 1754556
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with bases, reducing agents, oxidizing agents.
LogP: 4.1 at 20℃
Molecular Weight: 172.26 g/mol
XLogP3: 4.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 8
Exact Mass: 172.146329876 Da
Monoisotopic Mass: 172.146329876 Da
Topological Polar Surface Area: 37.3 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 12
Complexity: 110
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Structure of Decanoic acid:
Crystal structure: Monoclinic (−3.15 °C)
Space group: P21/c
Lattice constant:
a = 23.1 Å, b = 4.973 Å, c = 9.716 Å
α = 90°, β = 91.28°, γ = 90°
Thermochemistry of Decanoic acid:
Heat capacity (C): 475.59 J/mol·K
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): −713.7 kJ/mol
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298): 6079.3 kJ/mol
Related compounds of Decanoic acid:
Decanol
Decanal
Related fatty acids:
Nonanoic acid
Undecanoic acid
Names of Decanoic acid:
Preferred IUPAC name:
Decanoic acid
Other names:
Caprinic acid; Caprynic acid; Decoic acid; Decylic acid;
1-Nonanecarboxylic acid;
C10:0 (Lipid numbers)
