BIOCOLINA
Biocolina is widely recognized for its role as a source of choline, an essential nutrient that plays a key role in various biological processes, including cell membrane synthesis, neurotransmitter production (such as acetylcholine), and lipid metabolism.
Biocolina is an essential dietary supplement in animal feed, promoting healthy growth and development, particularly in poultry and swine, while also being used in the chemical industry as a phase transfer catalyst and clay stabilizer in oil and gas operations.
Biocolina is a bifunctional compound containing both a quaternary ammonium functional group and a hydroxyl functional group, playing a vital role in methyl group metabolism, carcinogenesis, and lipid transport, with its deficiency linked to fatty liver.
CAS Number: 67-48-1
EC number: 200-655-4
Chemical formula: [(CH3)3NCH2CH2OH]+Cl−
Molar mass: 139.62 g·mol−1
Synonyms: CHOLINE CHLORIDE, 67-48-1, Hepacholine, Lipotril, Paresan, 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride, Biocolina, Biocoline, Hormocline, (2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride, Luridin chloride, Choline hydrochloride, Neocolina, Bilineurin chloride, Cholinium chloride, Choline, chloride, Chloride de choline, Choline chlorhydrate, Cholini chloridum, Cholinechloride, CHOLINE (CL), Colina cloruro, 2-Hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride, Choline chloride [INN], Cloruro de colina, Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride, Chlorure de choline, Choline (chloride), Trimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium chloride, CCRIS 3716, HSDB 984, Colina cloruro [DCIT], (beta-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride, EINECS 200-655-4, Chloride de choline [French], NSC 402838, NSC-402838, 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N,-trimethylethanaminium chloride, Cholini chloridum [INN-Latin], (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylazanium chloride, DTXSID4020325, FEMA NO. 4500, UNII-45I14D8O27, AI3-18302, Cloruro de colina [INN-Spanish], CHEBI:133341, Chlorure de choline [INN-French], Ammonium, (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethyl-, chloride, C5H14NO.Cl, 45I14D8O27, 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium chloride, DTXCID20325, CHEMBL282468, CHOLINE-D13 CHLORIDE, EC 200-655-4, 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride (1:1), CHOLINE CHLORIDE (MART.), CHOLINE CHLORIDE [MART.], Cloruro de colina (INN-Spanish), CHOLINE CHLORIDE (USP-RS), CHOLINE CHLORIDE [USP-RS], Chlorure de choline (INN-French), 352438-97-2, NSC402838, SR-01000075745, MFCD00011721, cholinii chloridum, Chloride, Choline, cholinium chloratum, Choline Chloride,(S), 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)ammonium chloride, SCHEMBL14957, C(CO)N(C)(C)C, CHOLINE CHLORIDE [MI], SPECTRUM1503428, CHOLINE CHLORIDE [FCC], CHOLINE CHLORIDE [HSDB], CHOLINE CHLORIDE [INCI], CHOLINE CHLORIDE [VANDF], HMS500F09, CHOLINE CHLORIDE [WHO-DD], HMS1922E20, HMS2093G05, HMS3652D05, HMS3885F09, Pharmakon1600-01503428, AMY13898, Choline chloride [HOEtN1,1,1]Cl, HY-B1337, hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, Tox21_200492, CCG-39465, NSC758473, s4171, AKOS015903458, CS-4855, FS-3795, LS-1563, NSC-758473, CAS-67-48-1, WLN: Q2K1&1&1 &Q &G, NCGC00095059-01, NCGC00095059-02, NCGC00258046-01, (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride, FT-0612603, FT-0665025, SW219165-1, (.beta.-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride, A16451, D70213, EN300-102823, AB01568267_01, 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethan-1-aminium chloride, A835769, Q2964153, SR-01000075745-3, SR-01000075745-5, 1CDEFBD7-7905-4D2C-BEA8-44A54D9787D3, F8889-3032, Etanamino, 2-hidroxi-n, n, n-trimetil-, cloruro (1:1), Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride (1:1), (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethyl-Ammonium chloride, (2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride, (β-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride, 200-655-4 [EINECS], 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride [ACD/IUPAC Name], 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminiumchlorid [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name], 67-48-1 [RN], Chlorure de 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-triméthyléthanaminium [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name], chlorure de choline [French] [INN], Choline (chloride), choline chloride [INN], CHOLINE, CHLORIDE, Cholini chloridum [Latin] [INN], cholinium chloride, cloruro de colina [Spanish] [INN], Colina cloruro [DCIT], Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride (1:1) [ACD/Index Name], KH2975000, холина хлорид [Russian] [INN], كلوريد كولين [Arabic] [INN], 氯化胆碱 [Chinese] [INN], (2-H2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride, (2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-trimethyl-ammonium, (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylazanium chloride, (β-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride, [67-48-1] [RN], 2-(trimethylamino)ethan-1-ol, chloride, 285979-70-6 [RN], 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)ammonium chloride, 2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, 2-hydroxyethyl-trimethylammonium chloride, 2-hydroxyethyl-trimethyl-ammonium chloride, 2-hydroxyethyl-trimethylazanium chloride, 2-hydroxyethyl-trimethyl-azanium chloride, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-ethanaminium, monochloride, 352438-97-2 [RN], 61037-86-3 [RN], Ammonium, (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethyl-, chloride, Bilineurin chloride, Biocolina, Biocoline, Cholinchloride, choline-chloride, Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride, FS-3795, Hepacholine, Hormocline, hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, Lipotril, Luridin chloride, NCGC00095059-01, NCGC00095059-02, Neocolina, Paresan, Pharmakon1600-01503428, SPECTRUM1503428, trimethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium chloride, Trimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium chloride, WLN: Q2K1&1&1 &Q &G, холина хлорид
Biocolina is an essential water-soluble nutrient and an important chemical compound that is classified as a quaternary ammonium salt.
Biocolina is commonly used as a source of choline, an essential nutrient that plays a vital role in various physiological processes, including neurotransmission, lipid metabolism, and liver function.
Biocolina is crucial for the synthesis of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in muscle control, memory, and various other cognitive functions.
In addition to its biological significance, Biocolina has several industrial applications.
Biocolina is most widely recognized for its use in animal feed, where it is added to provide a supplemental source of choline to livestock, poultry, and fish.
Biocolina is an essential dietary nutrient for these animals, as they may not obtain sufficient choline from their diet, especially in intensive farming systems.
Inadequate choline levels can lead to poor growth, liver damage, and reproductive issues in livestock.
Therefore, adding Biocolina to animal feed helps prevent deficiencies and supports optimal growth, health, and productivity.
Another important use of Biocolina is in the production of various chemicals.
Biocolina serves as a precursor for the synthesis of other choline derivatives, such as phosphatidylcholine, a major component of cell membranes.
Biocolina is also used in the manufacturing of surfactants, emulsifiers, and in chemical formulations, particularly in the preparation of detergents and pesticides.
In the food industry, Biocolina is used as a food additive (E1001) to prevent fat oxidation, improve the nutritional value of processed foods, and serve as a source of choline for human consumption.
Biocolina is commonly found in its anhydrous form or as a hydrated crystalline solid, and it is typically produced through the reaction of trimethylamine with ethylene oxide in the presence of hydrochloric acid.
Biocolina can be used in a variety of formulations, including liquids, powders, and granules, depending on its intended application.
Biocolina is generally considered safe for use in both animal and human nutrition, although excessive consumption may lead to side effects such as body odor, sweating, and digestive discomfort.
In addition to its use in animal nutrition and food processing, Biocolina plays a role in agriculture, where it is used in fertilizers to enhance plant growth.
Biocolina is also utilized in certain biotechnological processes, particularly in the growth of microorganisms, as choline is required for cellular membrane synthesis and other metabolic functions.
Biocolina has also been investigated for its potential health benefits in humans, with research suggesting that it may help in liver health, brain development, and the prevention of certain chronic diseases.
Overall, Biocolina is a versatile compound with diverse applications across several industries, including animal nutrition, food production, agriculture, and biotechnology.
Biocolina's importance as an essential nutrient and its wide range of uses highlight its significant role in both biological and industrial processes.
Biocolina, commonly referred to as Biocolina, is a quaternary ammonium salt with the molecular formula C5H14ClNO.
Biocolina appears as a white crystalline powder or granules that are highly soluble in water, ethanol, and methanol.
Biocolina is widely recognized for its role as a source of choline, an essential nutrient that plays a key role in various biological processes, including cell membrane synthesis, neurotransmitter production (such as acetylcholine), and lipid metabolism.
Biocolina's hygroscopic nature makes it an excellent humectant and stabilizer in various industrial and agricultural applications.
Biocolina is often used in animal feed formulations as a dietary supplement to promote healthy growth and development, particularly in poultry and swine.
Additionally, Biocolina is employed in the chemical industry as a phase transfer catalyst and in oil and gas operations as a clay stabilizer to prevent swelling in drilling processes.
Biocolina’s biocompatibility and versatility have also led to its use in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and as a component in certain resins and coatings.
Despite Biocolina's wide-ranging applications, it must be handled with care, as exposure can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract.
Proper storage and usage guidelines ensure Biocolina's effective and safe utilization across industries.
Biocolina is an organic compound with the formula [(CH3)3NCH2CH2OH]+Cl−.
Biocolina is a quaternary ammonium salt, consisting of choline cations ([(CH3)3NCH2CH2OH]+) and chloride anions (Cl−).
Biocolina is bifunctional compound, meaning, Biocolina contains both quaternary ammonium functional group and a hydroxyl functional group.
The cation of this salt, Biocolina, occurs in nature in living beings.
Biocolina is a white, water-soluble salt used mainly in animal feed.
Biocolina is a constituent of sphingomyelin and lecithin.
Biocolina is a precursor of acetylcholine.
Biocolina plays a vital role in methyl group metabolism, carcinogenesis and lipid transport.
Choline deficiency is associated with fatty liver.
Biocolina maintains cell structural integrity and cell signalling.
Biocolina is implicated in the synthesis of phospholipids.
Biocolina acts as a potent biomarker for ischemic heart disease.
Biocolina is an organic compound and a quaternary ammonium salt.
Biocolina is a weak acid.
Biocolina is the salt of the naturally occurring choline, the pre-stage of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is important for mnemonic and thought-processes.
Biocolina occurs naturally in fungi, hop and kingcups and as integral part of lecithin.
Biocolina is a common food additive in animal husbandry
Biocolina is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 tonnes per annum.
Biocolina is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Biocolina is a water solution of Biocolina that is 75% by weight.
Biocolina has been shown to be effective in preventing atherosclerotic lesions and metabolic disorders.
Biocolina also has thermal expansion properties, which can be used for the manufacture of plastic containers.
Biocolina can inhibit complex enzyme activity by forming complexes with the enzyme, thus inhibiting Biocolina activity.
Biocolina may also be used as a model system for studying reaction mechanisms, structural analysis, and calcium pantothenate metabolism.
Biocolina is an essential nutrient that plays a role in energy metabolism and polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis.
Biocolina is also important for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) because Biocolina enhances electrical conductivity across cell membranes.
Biocolina appears as white crystals.
Biocolina is practically neutral aqueous solution.
Biocolina is a quaternary ammonium salt with choline cation and chloride anion.
Biocolina has a role as an animal growth promotant.
Biocolina is a chloride salt and a quaternary ammonium salt.
Biocolina contains a choline.
Biocolina is a basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs.
Biocolina is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism.
Biocolina is an essential, water-soluble compound that serves as a vital source of choline, an essential nutrient for both humans and animals.
As a quaternary ammonium salt, Biocolina is known for its role in numerous physiological processes, including the synthesis of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter crucial for nerve function, memory, and muscle control.
Choline is also a precursor to phosphatidylcholine, a major component of cell membranes, and it plays a significant role in lipid metabolism, cellular signaling, and the structural integrity of cells.
While choline can be synthesized by the body in small amounts, it is not produced in sufficient quantities for optimal health, making it necessary to obtain from dietary sources or supplementation.
In animals, Biocolina is widely used as a supplement in animal feed.
Livestock, poultry, and fish require adequate amounts of choline for proper growth, reproduction, and liver health, as they often do not produce enough choline from their natural diet.
In commercial farming, where animals are typically fed a more restricted diet, supplementation with Biocolina helps prevent deficiencies that can lead to liver disease, poor growth, reduced fertility, and developmental problems.
As a result, Biocolina is crucial in supporting the agricultural industry by enhancing the health, performance, and productivity of farmed animals.
Biocolina is a key ingredient in animal feed formulations, especially in high-density farming operations such as poultry and aquaculture.
Biocolina is also an essential component in various industrial applications.
Biocolina is used in the production of phosphatidylcholine, a substance found in the cell membranes of all living organisms.
Phosphatidylcholine is valuable for the manufacture of liposomal formulations used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and nutraceuticals.
Additionally, Biocolina is utilized in the production of surfactants and emulsifiers, which are key ingredients in the formulation of cleaning products, detergents, and personal care products.
Biocolina can also be found in some pesticides and fungicides, where its surfactant properties help improve the effectiveness of the active ingredients.
In the food industry, Biocolina is used as a food additive (E1001) to fortify processed foods and help maintain their nutritional value.
Biocolina acts as an antioxidant, preventing the oxidation of fats and improving the shelf life of products such as oils, dairy, and meats.
In certain cases, Biocolina may also be added to human nutrition supplements to ensure adequate intake, especially in cases where a person is at risk for choline deficiency, such as during pregnancy, liver disorders, or in individuals with limited dietary sources of choline.
Beyond its role in animal feed and food processing, Biocolina has potential benefits in human health.
Research has indicated that sufficient choline intake is important for proper liver function, and a deficiency can lead to fatty liver disease and other metabolic disorders.
Choline also plays a critical role in brain development and function, with some studies suggesting that choline supplementation may improve cognitive function and help in the prevention of age-related neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease.
Pregnant women are often advised to increase their intake of choline to support fetal brain development, and studies have shown that choline supplementation during pregnancy may improve cognitive function in children later in life.
Furthermore, Biocolina has potential applications in the field of biotechnology and microbial cultivation.
Choline is required by many microorganisms for optimal growth, as it is involved in the synthesis of cell membranes and plays a role in various metabolic pathways.
In biotechnological processes, Biocolina is sometimes added to growth media for microbial cultures to support the production of bio-based chemicals, biofuels, and other biotechnological products.
Despite its numerous benefits and widespread use, handling Biocolina requires care, particularly in large-scale production or industrial settings.
Biocolina should be stored in a dry, cool area and kept away from moisture to prevent degradation.
Biocolina is typically produced through the reaction of trimethylamine with ethylene oxide, followed by neutralization with hydrochloric acid to produce the chloride salt.
The purity of Biocolina can vary depending on the manufacturing process, with some commercial products containing additional stabilizers or salts to improve solubility and handling characteristics.
In summary, Biocolina is an indispensable compound with far-reaching applications in animal nutrition, food processing, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology.
As an essential nutrient, Biocolina supports liver health, cognitive function, and cellular integrity, making it a vital part of human and animal diets.
Biocolina's industrial applications, particularly in feed supplements, emulsifiers, and the production of phospholipids, further underscore its importance in various sectors.
As research continues to explore its potential health benefits, Biocolina remains a critical component in the pursuit of both human and environmental well-being.
Applications of Biocolina:
Biocolina is a versatile compound with numerous applications across various industries, primarily due to its essential role as a source of choline, an important nutrient for both humans and animals.
In animal feed, Biocolina is widely used to supplement livestock, poultry, and fish diets, preventing choline deficiencies that can lead to poor growth, liver damage, and reproductive issues.
Biocolina is also crucial in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries, where it is used in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, a key component of cell membranes, and is incorporated into dietary supplements aimed at promoting brain health and liver function.
Additionally, Biocolina serves as an emulsifier and surfactant in the production of detergents, personal care products, and cleaning agents.
In the food industry, Biocolina acts as a food additive to fortify processed foods and prevent fat oxidation, enhancing their shelf life.
Biocolina's applications also extend to agriculture, where it is used in fertilizers and soil additives to support plant growth.
Furthermore, Biocolina plays a role in biotechnology by supporting the growth of microorganisms used in biofuel production and other biotechnological processes.
As a renewable, bio-based chemical, Biocolina holds significant promise in sustainability efforts, replacing fossil-derived chemicals in various industrial applications.
With such diverse and important uses, Biocolina continues to be a vital compound in both biological and industrial fields.
Biocolina is an important additive in feed especially for chickens where Biocolina accelerates growth.
Biocolina forms a deep eutectic solvent with urea, ethylene glycol, glycerol, and many other compounds.
Biocolina is also used as a clay control additive in fluids used for hydraulic fracturing.
Biocolina has been used:
Biocolina is used in choline release assay
Biocolina is used as an endogenous agonist of sigma-1 receptors (Sig-1Rs)
Biocolina is used as a standard to analyse interrelationships between methionine and choline metabolism
Biocolina is a versatile compound with a wide range of applications across various industries.
Below are some of the key applications:
Animal Feed Supplement:
Livestock Nutrition:
Biocolina is commonly added to animal feed to supplement choline intake.
Biocolina is essential for the growth, reproduction, and liver function of poultry, livestock, and fish.
Biocolina helps prevent liver diseases, fatty liver, poor growth, and reproductive issues in farm animals.
Poultry and Aquaculture:
Biocolina is particularly vital in poultry farming and aquaculture, where animals are often fed concentrated diets that may not provide sufficient choline.
Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals:
Phosphatidylcholine Production:
Biocolina is used in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, an important component of cell membranes and a precursor to lecithin, used in various pharmaceutical formulations.
Phosphatidylcholine has applications in the delivery of liposomal drugs and in the production of bio-based compounds.
Cognitive and Liver Health:
Biocolina is also used in supplements aimed at improving cognitive function and liver health.
Choline is crucial for brain development, and supplementation may support cognitive function, especially in pregnant women or individuals at risk for neurological disorders.
Dietary Supplements:
Biocolina is often included in multivitamins and dietary supplements to ensure adequate choline intake, which can help prevent liver damage, promote healthy brain development, and support fat metabolism.
Food Industry:
Food Additive (E1001):
In the food industry, Biocolina is used as a food additive to fortify foods with additional choline.
Biocolina helps to preserve the nutritional content of processed foods, especially in oils, dairy, and meats.
Antioxidant Properties:
Biocolina is used as an antioxidant, preventing the oxidation of fats and oils, thereby extending the shelf life of processed products.
Industrial Applications:
Surfactant and Emulsifier:
Biocolina is used in the production of surfactants and emulsifiers for various industrial products, including detergents, paints, and cosmetics.
These products help in stabilizing emulsions and improving the spreadability of oils and other liquids.
Pesticides and Fungicides:
Biocolina is also utilized in the formulation of pesticides and fungicides, where it enhances the solubility and efficacy of active ingredients.
Lubricants and Cleaners:
Biocolina is sometimes included in industrial lubricants and cleaning agents due to its role as a stabilizer and emulsifier.
Agriculture:
Fertilizers:
Biocolina is used in certain fertilizers to promote plant growth.
Choline helps in the development of plant cell membranes, and its application can enhance the absorption of essential nutrients.
Soil Additives:
Biocolina is used as a component in some soil conditioners to improve soil structure and encourage plant root development.
Biotechnology and Microbial Cultivation:
Microbial Growth:
In biotechnological processes, Biocolina is added to growth media to support the growth of microorganisms.
Many microbes require choline for optimal cell membrane synthesis and other metabolic functions.
Biofuel Production:
Choline is used in the cultivation of microbes that are involved in the production of biofuels, as it supports healthy cell growth and metabolism during fermentation.
Cosmetics and Personal Care:
Skin Care Products:
Biocolina is sometimes included in skincare formulations due to its moisturizing and stabilizing properties.
Biocolina helps enhance the texture and stability of creams, lotions, and other personal care products.
Hair Care:
Biocolina is used in some hair care products to improve hair strength and prevent damage.
Environmental and Sustainable Uses:
Biodegradable Surfactants:
Biocolina has been explored as part of the development of biodegradable surfactants, which are more environmentally friendly compared to traditional petrochemical-based surfactants.
Renewable Chemical Feedstock:
As a bio-based compound, Biocolina has gained attention for its role as a renewable chemical feedstock.
Biocolina is part of the ongoing effort to replace fossil-based chemicals with sustainable alternatives in various industrial processes.
Electroplating and Metal Treatment:
Electroplating Baths:
Biocolina is sometimes used in the preparation of electrolyte solutions for electroplating processes.
Biocolina helps stabilize the solutions and improve the quality of the metal coatings.
Textile Industry:
Dyeing and Finishing:
In the textile industry, Biocolina is occasionally used in dyeing and finishing processes to improve the binding of dyes to fibers and to enhance the texture of fabrics.
Overall, Biocolina is a crucial compound with diverse applications in various sectors, from animal nutrition to pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and industrial processes.
Biocolina's role in supporting health, improving industrial formulations, and serving as a sustainable chemical makes it an essential compound in both biological and industrial contexts.
Uses of Biocolina:
Biocolina is an animal feed additive, classified as a water-soluble B-vitamin that increases animal growth.
Biocolina is added exogenously to feed stocks because Biocolina plays an essential role in fat transport, metabolism, and protects cell membrane structure.
Biocolina can be supplied to tissue culture media, animal feed additive and used in clinical anti-fatty liver agent.
Biocolina can be used for treating fatty liver and cirrhosis.
Biocolina can also be used as the feed additive which is capable of stimulating ovaries for giving birth to more eggs and farrowing.
Biocolina can also facilitate the weight gaining process of livestock, fish, etc.
Biocolina is effective in the prevention and treatment of the fat deposition and tissue degeneration in the organs of livestock and poultry.
Biocolina can also promote the absorption and synthesis of amino acids.
Moreover, Biocolina can enhance physical fitness and disease resistance of livestock, promote their growth and development, and improve poultry laying rate.
The usage amount is 1-2 g/kg.
As a kind of feed additive, Biocolina has the following physiological effects: Biocolina can prevent the accumulation of the fat in liver and the kidney and tissue degeneration; Biocolina can promote recombination of amino acids; Biocolina can improve the utilization efficiency of amino acids, especially the essential amino acid methionine in vivo.
In Japan, 98% of the applied Biocolina is used as the feed additives of chickens, pigs, cattle and fish and other animal.
Most of them have been processed into powder; the preparation process of 50% powder is that: first add an appropriate excipient of certain particle size into the mixer is prepared by previously adding an appropriate particle size of the excipient, and then add drop wise of aqueous solution of Biocolina, after mixing, drying to derive it.
Some powder products are also blended with vitamins, minerals, and drugs.
Biocolina is the vitamin B-class drug which can be used for the treatment of hepatitis, liver function degradation, early cirrhosis, and pernicious anemia.
B vitamins:
Biocolina is an indispensible fundamental component in humans and animal body, often referred to as B vitamins or vitamin B4, and is a necessary low-molecule organic compound for maintaining physiological function off animal body.
Biocolina can be synthesized inside animal body but still often need to be supplied to dietary and is a kind of vitamin in maximal usage amount.
Inside animal cells, Biocolina can be used to adjust the in vivo metabolism and conversion of fats, preventing the fat deposition and tissue degeneration of liver and kidney, and then promote the regeneration of amino acids, enhance utilization of amino acids as well as save some part of methionine.
Biocolina is the most commonly used as well as most economical form of synthetic choline and is a water soluble vitamin, and is the component for constituting of acetylcholine, lecithin, and nerve phospholipids of biological tissue.
Moreover, Biocolina can save methionine and is an important material required for livestock, poultry, and fish.
Inside animal body, Biocolina can be used for adjusting in vivo metabolism and conversion of fats and can prevent the deposition in liver and related tissue degeneration.
As a methyl donor, Biocolina can promote the re-formation of amino acids and improve the utilization of amino acids.
Biocolina is mainly used as an additive for being mixing into the animal feed.
During the exact usage process, in addition to prevent moisture deliquescence, you should also note that all kind of feeds usually take the addition of Biocolina as the last step.
Because of Biocolina destruction effects on other vitamins, especially Biocolina rapid destruction on vitamin A, D, K in the presence of metal elements, multi-dimensional formulation should not include choline.
Daily feed supplied with Biocolina should be used as soon as possible after the addition.
Tests have showed that Biocolina is especially important for chicken poultry.
Biocolina synthetic amino acids and lecithin can be delivered to various locations inside chicken bodies, being able to prevent the fat deposition in the liver and kidney and accelerate the growth of chickens and increase egg production and hatchability.
Widespread uses by professional workers:
Biocolina is used in the following products: plant protection products, laboratory chemicals, washing & cleaning products, pH regulators and water treatment products and fertilisers.
Biocolina is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing, health services, scientific research and development and mining.
Other release to the environment of Biocolina is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use as processing aid.
Uses at industrial sites:
Biocolina is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals, fertilisers, washing & cleaning products and plant protection products.
Biocolina has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Biocolina is used in the following areas: mining, scientific research and development, health services and agriculture, forestry and fishing.
Biocolina is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Biocolina can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as processing aid.
Industry Uses:
Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Other
Processing aids, specific to petroleum production
Soil amendments (fertilizers)
Stabilizing agent
Consumer Uses:
Biocolina is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals and washing & cleaning products.
Other release to the environment of Biocolina is likely to occur from: indoor use as reactive substance and indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters).
Other Consumer Uses:
Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Processing aids, specific to petroleum production
Soil amendments (fertilizers)
Chemical Properties of Biocolina:
Biocolina is white hygroscopic crystal and is odorless with fish stench.
Biocolina melting point of 240 ℃.
Biocolina 10% aqueous solution has a pH 5-6.
However, Biocolina is unstable in alkaline solution.
Biocolina is easily soluble in water and ethanol but insoluble in ether, petroleum ether, benzene and carbon disulfide.
Biocolina has a low toxicity with LD50 (rat, oral) being 3400 mg/kg.
General Manufacturing Information of Biocolina:
Industry Processing Sectors:
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting
All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Oil and Gas Drilling, Extraction, and Support activities
Synthesis of Biocolina:
In the laboratory, choline can be prepared by methylation of dimethylethanolamine with methyl chloride.
Biocolina is mass-produced with world production estimated at 160 000 tons in 1999.
Industrially, Biocolina is produced by the reaction of ethylene oxide, hydrogen chloride, and trimethylamine, or from the pre-formed salt.
Biocolina can also be made by treating trimethylamine with 2-chloroethanol.
(CH3)3N + ClCH2CH2OH → [(CH3)3NCH2CH2OH]+Cl−
Production method of Biocolina:
(1) Continuous method for preparation of Biocolina solution:
Continuously send the trimethylamine hydrochloride and a certain amount of ethylene oxide separately through pump into the reactor; the reactants had a residence time at the reactor of 1-1.5h; the reaction was carried out under stirring and has Biocolina resulting product being continuously withdrawn so that the liquid level within the reactor remained stable.
The withdrawn Biocolina extraction crude product entered into the stripper to obtain 60-80% Biocolina liquid product from the bottom.
(2) Trimethylamine hydrochloride was reacted with ethylene oxide, and then added with an organic acid for neutralization and further concentration to obtain the Biocolina (3) Chloro-ethanol was reacted with trimethylamine to generate Biocolina.
(3)Ethylene oxide method:
Biocolina can be made from the reaction between ethylene oxide and trimethylamine.
Add the trimethylamine ethanol solution into the reactor, send through ethylene oxide at about 30 ℃ and stirring reaction of 4 hour and further obtain Biocolina through neutralization with hydrochloric acid (control PH at 6.5-7.0).
The yield of the crude product can be as high as 98%. The crude product can further be subject to activated carbon decolorizing and vacuum concentration to obtain 70% aqueous solution.
The aqueous solution was added with ground corn cobs, rice hull flour, wheat bran or diatomaceous earth and some other kinds of excipients and can give 50% of the powder.
(4) Chlorohydrin method:
Use chlorohydrin to substitute ethylene oxide and hydrochloric acid; have Biocolina reacted with trimethylamine in the presence of a small amount of ethylene oxide or alkaline substance;
First add 100 parts of chlorohydrin into the reaction vessel, further add 130 parts of trimethylamine from the liquid surface, while supplying of ethylene oxide to trigger the reaction.
After the addition, stir at 32-38 ℃ for 4h with the yield being 84% (calculated from chlorohydrin).
For example, if catalyzed with an alkaline substance (such as quaternary ammonium salts), the one-way conversion rate can reach over 97%.
Trimethylamine methanol solution and chlorohydrin is subject to heating reaction, concentration under reduced pressure, and re-crystallization to generate it.
Biochem/physiol Actions of Biocolina:
Choline is an essential nutrient, commonly grouped with the B complex vitamins, that plays key roles in many biological processes.
The enzymatic activities of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and paraoxonase 1 (PON1), two serum enzymes synthesized by the liver and related with inflammation, were decreased in a sepsis animal model injected with LPS.
Biocolina administered intravenously at 20 mg/kg body weight prevents the LPS-mediated decreases in the activities of these two enzymes.
Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Biocolina:
MeSH Pharmacological Classification:
Lipotropic Agents:
Endogenous factors or drugs that increase the transport and metabolism of LIPIDS including the synthesis of LIPOPROTEINS by the LIVER and their uptake by extrahepatic tissues.
Nootropic Agents:
Drugs used to specifically facilitate learning or memory, particularly to prevent the cognitive deficits associated with dementias.
These drugs act by a variety of mechanisms.
History
Biocolina has a significant history, particularly in the fields of nutrition, biochemistry, and industry.
The discovery of choline itself dates back to the early 19th century, with its identification as a nutrient occurring in the 1930s.
Initially, Biocolina was isolated from lecithin, a substance found in egg yolk and liver.
Researchers later realized that choline is an essential nutrient for both humans and animals due to its critical role in brain function, liver health, and fat metabolism.
The development of Biocolina as a compound for supplementation and industrial use began in the mid-20th century.
As the importance of choline in animal nutrition became clear, Biocolina began to be incorporated into animal feed formulations to prevent deficiencies that could lead to poor growth and reproductive issues.
The commercial production of Biocolina was significantly boosted by the rise of industrial-scale farming and the need for efficient livestock management.
Over time, Biocolina found broader applications in the food industry as a fortifying agent, in pharmaceuticals for cognitive health, and in various industrial processes, including the manufacture of emulsifiers and surfactants.
Biocolina's increasing recognition as a renewable chemical source has also contributed to its importance in sustainability initiatives.
Today, Biocolina is an integral part of several industries, continuing to evolve in both its uses and production methods.
Handling and Storage
Handling:
Handle Biocolina with care to avoid inhalation, skin contact, or ingestion.
Use in well-ventilated areas, and avoid prolonged exposure.
Ensure proper personal protective equipment (PPE) is worn during handling.
When handling the material in bulk, ensure that equipment used is free of contamination, and clean up spills immediately.
Storage:
Store Biocolina in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and incompatible substances.
Keep containers tightly sealed to prevent moisture absorption and degradation.
Biocolina should be stored in non-reactive, corrosion-resistant containers to avoid contamination and degradation.
Reactivity and Stability
Stability:
Biocolina is generally stable under normal storage conditions.
However, Biocolina can degrade in the presence of moisture or extreme heat, which may lead to the release of harmful gases.
Ensure proper storage conditions to maintain Biocolina's stability and prevent contamination.
Reactivity:
Biocolina is not highly reactive but may react with strong oxidizing agents, acids, or bases.
Avoid mixing Biocolina with incompatible chemicals to prevent hazardous reactions.
Ensure that any waste containing Biocolina is disposed of according to local regulations to avoid potential reactions.
First Aid Measures
Inhalation:
If inhaled, move the person to fresh air immediately.
If symptoms persist, seek medical attention.
Provide artificial respiration if the person is not breathing.
Skin Contact:
In case of skin contact, wash the affected area with soap and plenty of water.
Remove contaminated clothing.
If irritation persists, seek medical attention.
Eye Contact:
In case of eye contact, rinse immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do.
Seek medical attention if irritation persists.
Ingestion:
If swallowed, rinse the mouth with water and do not induce vomiting unless advised by a medical professional.
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center for guidance.
Firefighting Measures
Fire Extinguishing Media:
In case of fire, use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical powder, or carbon dioxide (CO2) to extinguish the flames.
Select the extinguishing media based on the nature and extent of the fire.
Firefighting Procedures:
Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and full protective gear when fighting fires involving Biocolina.
Cool containers with water spray to prevent them from rupturing or catching fire.
Hazardous Combustion Products:
Combustion of Biocolina may release toxic fumes, including hydrochloric acid, which is harmful to health.
Avoid inhalation of smoke or fumes from burning Biocolina.
Accidental Release Measures
Personal Precautions:
In case of accidental release, evacuate the area and ensure proper ventilation.
Wear appropriate protective equipment, including gloves, safety goggles, and respiratory protection if necessary.
Avoid direct contact with the spilled substance.
Containment and Cleanup:
Contain the spill to prevent further contamination.
Use absorbent materials such as sand, earth, or vermiculite to soak up the spill.
Collect the material and place it in appropriate waste disposal containers.
Dispose of waste according to local regulations.
Clean the area with water and ensure Biocolina is dry before allowing normal operations to resume.
Exposure Controls/Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Exposure Limits:
There is no established occupational exposure limit for Biocolina, but as with all chemicals, it is advisable to minimize exposure to Biocolina.
Engineering Controls:
Ensure adequate ventilation in work areas to prevent the accumulation of airborne dust or fumes.
Use local exhaust ventilation or dust collection systems to maintain air quality.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Eye Protection:
Wear safety goggles or face shields to prevent eye contact.
Skin Protection:
Wear gloves and appropriate protective clothing to minimize skin exposure.
Ensure that clothing is non-porous and resistant to chemicals.
Respiratory Protection:
Use an appropriate NIOSH-approved respirator if airborne concentrations exceed safe levels or if there is a risk of inhalation.
Workplace Hygiene:
Avoid eating, drinking, or smoking in areas where Biocolina is handled.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling and before eating or drinking.
Identifiers of Biocolina:
CAS Number: 67-48-1
ChEBI: CHEBI:133341
ChEMBL: ChEMBL282468
ChemSpider: 5974
ECHA InfoCard: 100.000.596
E number: E1001(iii) (additional chemicals)
PubChem CID: 522265
UNII: 45I14D8O27
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID4020325
InChI: InChI=1S/C5H14NO.ClH/c1-6(2,3)4-5-7;/h7H,4-5H2,1-3H3;1H/q+1;/p-1
Key: SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M
InChI=1/C5H14NO.ClH/c1-6(2,3)4-5-7;/h7H,4-5H2,1-3H3;1H/q+1;/p-1
Key: SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-REWHXWOFAH
SMILES: [Cl-].OCC[N+](C)(C)C
CAS number: 67-48-1
EC number: 200-655-4
Grade: DAB 10
Hill Formula: C₅H₁₄ClNO
Molar Mass: 139.63 g/mol
HS Code: 2923 10 00
Synonym(s): (2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride
Linear Formula: (CH3)3N(Cl)CH2CH2OH
CAS Number: 67-48-1
Molecular Weight: 139.62
Beilstein: 3563126
EC Number: 200-655-4
MDL number: MFCD00011721
PubChem Substance ID: 57654039
NACRES: NA.25
Properties of Biocolina:
Chemical formula: [(CH3)3NCH2CH2OH]+Cl−
Molar mass: 139.62 g·mol−1
Appearance: White hygroscopic crystals
Melting point: 302 °C (576 °F; 575 K) (decomposes)
Solubility in water: very soluble (>650 g/L)
Ignition temperature: 355 °C
Melting Point: 200 °C
pH value: 5.0 - 6.5 (140 g/l, H₂O, 25 °C)
Bulk density: 430 kg/m3
biological source: synthetic
Quality Level: 200
Assay: ≥99%
form: powder
color: white
mp: 302-305 °C (dec.) (lit.)
SMILES string: [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCO
InChI: 1S/C5H14NO.ClH/c1-6(2,3)4-5-7;/h7H,4-5H2,1-3H3;1H/q+1;/p-1
InChI key: SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Molecular Weight: 139.62 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 139.0763918 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 139.0763918 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 20.2Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 8
Complexity: 46.5
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Specifications of Biocolina:
Assay (argentometric; calculated on dried substance): 98.0 - 100.5 %
Identity (wet chemistry): passes test
Identity (IR): passes test
Appearance of solution (10 %; water): passes test
Acidity or alkalinity: passes test
Heavy metals (as Pb): ≤ 0.001 %
As (Arsenic): ≤ 0.0003 %
Pb (Lead): ≤ 0.5 ppm
Ammonium, volatile amines: passes test
Ammonium, primary amines: passes test
1,4 Dioxane: passes test
Residual solvents (ICH Q3C): excluded by the manufacturing process
Residue on ignition: ≤ 0.05 %
Loss on drying (120 °C): ≤ 1.5 %
Water: ≤ 0.5 %
Related salts of Biocolina:
Other commercial choline salts are choline hydroxide and choline bitartrate.
In foodstuffs, Biocolina is often present as phosphatidylcholine.
Names of Biocolina:
Regulatory process names:
(2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride
2-Hydroxyethyl-trimethylammoniumchlorid
Chlorure de choline
Cholinchlorid
cholinchlorid
Cholinchloride
Choline chloride
Choline Chloride
Choline chloride
choline chloride
IUPAC names:
(2 - Hydroxyethyl) trimethylammonium chloride
(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-trimethyl-ammonium chloride
(2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride
(2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylazanium chloride
2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium Chloride
2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride
2-Hydroxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride
2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium chloride
2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride
Cholin Chlorid
Choline Chloride
Choline chloride
choline chloride
Choline Chloride
Choline chloride
choline chloride
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride
Preferred IUPAC name:
2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethan-1-aminium chloride
Trade names:
CC 75 - Choline chloride, aqueous solution
Other names:
(2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride
Hepacholine
Biocolina
Lipotril
Other identifiers:
1643859-93-1
2028303-08-2
67-48-1
