CERIA
Ceria is highly valued for its versatility and unique chemical properties, such as its ability to shift between cerium(IV) oxide (Ce⁴) and cerium(III) oxide (Ce3+) states, making it an excellent catalyst.
Ceria nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention in recent years for their antioxidant properties, showing potential in biomedical applications such as protecting cells from oxidative stress.
Ceria's exceptional ability to store and release oxygen under varying conditions makes it a key material for environmental applications, including water treatment and hydrogen production.
CAS Number: 1306-38-3
EC Number: 215-150-4
Chemical Formula: CeO2
Molar Mass: 172.115 g/mol
Synonyms: Cerium dioxide, Ceric oxide, dioxocerium, 1306-38-3, Ceria, Ceric dioxide, Cerium(IV)dioxide, Needlal, Nidoral, Opaline, Cerium(4+) oxide, Cerium oxide (CeO2), Needlal U15, Needlal W15, Molycomp 5310, CeO2, Needlal W10-01, CCRIS 2288, EINECS 215-150-4, UNII-619G5K328Y, CERAMICS-AEium(IV) oxide, CHEBI:79089, EC 215-150-4, MFCD00010933, 619G5K328Y, Cerium Oxydatum, Cerium oxide Dispersion, Cerium oxide Nanopowder, Cerium(IV) oxide, REacton, Cerium(IV) oxide nanopowder, Cerium(IV) oxide, puriss., Cerium(IV) Oxide, Hydrated, Cerium(IV) oxide, REacton?, DTXCID2020214, Cerium(IV) oxide, >=99.0%, Cerium(IV) oxide, powder, 90%, Cerium oxide Powder / CeO2 Powder, MFCD00010927, AKOS025310685, Cerium(IV) oxide (99.9%-Ce) (REO), Cerium oxide Powder, 99.9% (REO) Nano, NS00129461, Cerium(IV) oxide, polishing compound, 2oz (57g), Cerium(IV) oxide, powder, 99.995% trace metals basis, Cerium(IV) oxide, nanopowder, <25 nm particle size (BET), Cerium(IV) oxide, powder, <5 mum, 99.9% trace metals basis, Cerium(IV) oxide, fused, pieces, 3-6 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis, Cerium(IV) oxide, NanoArc CE-6440, 25% in H2O, colloidal dispersion, Cerium oxide, 20% in H2O, colloidal dispersion, 0.01-0.02 Micron Particles, pH 3.0, Cerium(IV) oxide, dispersion, 20 wt. % colloidal dispersion in 2.5% acetic acid, 30-50 nm avg. part. size
Ceria is a pale yellow-white powder composed of cerium, one of the rare earth elements, and oxygen.
Ceria is highly valued for its versatility and unique chemical properties, such as its ability to shift between cerium(IV) oxide (Ce⁴) and cerium(III) oxide (Ce3+) states, which makes Ceria an excellent catalyst.
In particular, Ceria is widely used in catalytic converters in automobiles to reduce harmful emissions by promoting the conversion of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons into less harmful gases.
Additionally, Ceria finds use as a polishing agent for precision optics, mirrors, and semiconductor devices due to its mild abrasive qualities and chemical inertness.
Ceria nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention in recent years for their antioxidant properties, showing potential in biomedical applications such as protecting cells from oxidative stress.
Ceria also has uses in ceramics, glass manufacturing, UV filters, and even fuel cells.
Ceria's exceptional ability to store and release oxygen under varying conditions makes it a key material for environmental applications, including water treatment and hydrogen production.
While abundant relative to other rare earth metals, the extraction and processing of Ceria still involve significant environmental and economic challenges.
Ceria is an oxide of the rare-earth metal cerium.
Ceria is a pale yellow-white powder with the chemical formula CeO2.
Ceria is an important commercial product and an intermediate in the purification of the element from the ores.
The distinctive property of Ceria is its reversible conversion to a non-stoichiometric oxide.
Ceria powder is a white or pale yellow powder.
Ceria is used as a polishing material, catalyst, catalyst carrier (assistant), ultraviolet absorber, fuel cell electrolyte, automobile exhaust absorber, electronic ceramics, etc.
According to the purity, Ceria can be divided into: low purity (the purity is not higher than 99%), high purity (99.9% ~ 99.99%), and ultra-high purity (over 99.999%).
Ceria can also be divided into coarse powder, micron level, submicron level, and nanometer level, according to the particle size.
Ceria is a pale yellow-white powder with the chemical formula CeO2.
As one of the most abundant rare earth metals, derived from the mineral cerite, Ceria stands out for its high melting point and remarkable stability.
Ceria is integral to numerous applications, enhancing technological, industrial, and environmental processes with its unique capabilities.
Ceria is a highly insoluble thermally stable cerium source suitable for glass, optic and ceramic applications.
Ceria is produced by the calcination of cerium oxalate or cerium hydroxide.
Ultra high purity and high purity compositions improve both optical quality and usefulness as scientific standards.
Ceria as an alternative high surface area form, may be considered.
The numerous commercial applications for cerium include metallurgy, glass and glass polishing, ceramics, catalysts, and in phosphors.
In steel manufacturing Ceria is used to remove free oxygen and sulfur by formingHigh Purity (99.999%) Ceria Powder stable oxysulfides and by tying up undesirable trace elements, such as lead and antimony.
Ceria is considered to be the most efficient glass polishing agent for precision optical polishing.
Ceria is generally immediately available in most volumes.
Ceria is an inorganic chemical compound with a chemical formula of CeO2.
Ceria is white or pale yellow in color with a density of 7.13 g/cc, a melting point of ~2,600°C, and a vapor pressure of 10-4 Torr at 2,310°C.
Ceria is primarily used for polishing but can also be found as a sensor in catalytic converters in automobiles.
Ceria is evaporated under vacuum to form anti-reflective layers for optical coatings and as buffer layers in high temperature superconductors.
Ceria is a cubic fluorite-type in fcc arrangement.
The Ceria nanoparticles are generally found in a pale-white powder form.
In contrast to other elements in the lanthanide series, cerium can exist in both trivalent (Ce+3) and quadrivalent (Ce+4) oxidation states.
Quick and expedient change in its oxidation state makes Ceria and excellent catalyst candidate.
The catalytic activity of Ceria is utilized in various different applications such as including production and purification of hydrogen, and carbon monoxide removal from the automobile exhaust.
Since the quadrivalent oxidation state of Ceria is much more stable than its trivalent state, Ceria can be effectively used in oxygen storage and transportation.
Other application areas of Ceria are; oxygen resistant materials, oxygen sensors, UV absorbers, light-harvesting devices, and optical displays, buffer layers with a silicon wafer, nanomedicine, and tissue engineering.
Ceria is the main abrasive used in the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process of shallow trench isolation (STI) in integrated circuit manufacturing.
Ceria is widely believed that the trivalent cerium ions (Ce3+) on the surface of Ceria particles can form Ce-O-Si bonds with silicon dioxide dielectric.
Therefore, the application of Ceria in the medium CMP process has been widely studied.
The particle size and morphology of Ceria particles, the concentration of Ce3+ and surface modification will all affect the performance of SiO2 dielectric CMP.
In addition, due to the presence of the barrier layer of silicon nitride, the selectivity of the removal rates of silicon dioxide and silicon nitride is also an important factor to be considered in the CMP process.
The current research on Ceria abrasives mainly focuses on the modification and doping of abrasive particles, as well as the control of particle size.
In addition, the presence of Ce-O-Si bonds leads to the adsorption of Ceria particles on the surface of the medium after polishing, and the problem of particle adsorption is particularly prominent when using small particle size Ceria to reduce defects.
Researchers have also done a lot of work to achieve better surface quality.
How to achieve high removal rate, high selectivity and low surface defects after CMP is currently a research hotspot.
This work mainly reviews the polishing mechanism of Ceria, the factors affecting the CMP rate and the improvement methods.
In the aspect of CMP cleaning, the introduction of additives, water cleaning, chemical cleaning and other cleaning methods are summarized.
On this basis, some suggestions were proposed to provide valuable references for the STI CMP and post cleaning based on Ceria abrasive.
Ceria is a highly efficient catalyst as it absorbs more light than that of ZnO and TiO2.
However, the amount of light absorbed was not sufficient for the photodegradation of pollutants.
Therefore, Ceria was doped with other nanoparticles to increase the visible light absorption.
This review shows the perks of doping Ceria with metals, non-metals, noble metals, and other hybrids.
Generally, this led to the decrease in the bandgap, separation of electrons and holes, and enhancement in the photocatalytic activity.
The synthesis of these Ceria doped nanocomposites should be economical, green, and preventing cross-contamination.
In this review, we discussed the chemical advanced oxidation process, photochemical advanced oxidation process, and adsorption for the removal of pollutants from wastewater with the help of doped Ceria.
This paper discusses the efficiency and the pathway followed for the degradation of pollutants from wastewater.
This field is undergoing advancement and has room for improvement.
This review discussed the future development that should be carried out to improve the efficiency of Ceria doped nanocomposites for water and wastewater treatment.
Cerium, a prevalent rare-earth metal abundant in the Earth's crust, finds diverse applications across pharmaceuticals and industries.
Among its various forms, cerium dioxide has gained substantial attention in the global nanotechnology market, owing to its pivotal role in catalysts, fuel cells, and fuel additives.
Until the 1940's, iron oxide was generally used in glass polishing procedures, although other materials such as silica and tin oxide were also used.
In the 1950's, Ceria was found to be a superior polishing agent, and is still used in preference today.
Ceria, belonging to the group of elements known as the rare earths, occurs in nature in diverse forms.
The two most commercially important are bastanite, which is a complex fluorocarbonate, and monazite, which is a phosphate.
To produce the polishing powder, about 80% of Ceria and 20% of other rare earths are used.
When the polishing powder is applied to glass, Ceria reacts with the surface to produce a complex cerium-oxygen-silicon compound softer than glass.
This softer surface layer can then be more easily applied to produce the final polished surface.
As polishing is the final step in the surfacing process, Ceria should not be expected to remove errors made during previous steps when the shape is formed and smoothed.
Ceria is therefore necessary that previous steps, bevelling and smoothing be done correctly and accurately.
Product Range of Ceria:
Ceria category offers a diverse selection of products designed to meet a wide range of needs:
Ceria Powder:
Tailored for various applications from glass polishing to catalysis, available in multiple particle sizes and purity levels.
Ceria Polishing Powder:
Specifically formulated for the precision polishing of optical components, providing unmatched surface finish and clarity.
Nano Ceria:
Engineered nanoparticles for high-performance applications in electronics, catalysis, and biomedicine, offering enhanced properties due to their nano-scale size.
Custom Ceria Solutions:
We provide specialized formulations and blends to address unique requirements across different industries.
Ceria Evaporation Materials:
Essential for thin film deposition, these materials are vital in producing coatings on glass, metals, and electronic components to enhance their durability, optical properties, and electronic functionality.
Ceria Sputtering Targets:
Designed for sputtering processes used in coating and thin film applications, these targets are key in manufacturing semiconductors, optical components, and protective coatings, offering precise control over the deposition process and high-quality film characteristics.
Nanotechnology Marvel: Ceria nanoparticles:
Cerium dioxide nanoparticles have emerged as nanotechnological marvels, contributing significantly to catalysts, fuel cells, and electronics manufacturing.
However, the increasing production of Ceria nanoparticles in industrial processing plants raises environmental concerns.
Predictions from mass flow modeling studies indicate that these nanoparticles may enter terrestrial environments, impacting landfills and soils.
Uses of Ceria:
Ceria is ued to polish and decolorize glass, to opacify enamels, to analyze chemicals, to catalyze organic reactions, and to make coatings for heat-resistant alloys and infrared filters.
Ceria nanoparticles are used in diesel fuel as combustion catalysts.
Ceria nanoparticles are used in solar and fuel cells, gas sensors, abrasives, oxygen pumps, and other metallurgic, glass, and ceramic applications.
Industry Uses:
Catalyst
Intermediate
Abrasives
Other
Surface modifier
Opacifer
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Processing aids, specific to petroleum production
Adsorbents and absorbents
Oxidizing agent
Heat stabilizer
Pigment
Semiconductor and photovoltaic agent
Process regulators
Other (specify)
Consumer Uses:
Catalyst
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Pigment
Other (specify)
Applications of Ceria:
Ceria is widely applied in glass, ceramics and catalyst manufacturing.
In glass industry, Ceria is considered to be the most efficient glass polishing agent for precision optical polishing.
Ceria is also used to decolorize glass by keeping iron in its ferrous state.
The ability of Cerium-doped glass to block out ultra violet light is utilized in the manufacturing of medical glassware and aerospace windows.
Ceria is also used to prevent polymers from darkening in sunlight and to suppress discoloration of television glass.
Ceria is applied to optical components to improve performance.
High purity Ceria are also used in phosphors and dopant to crystal.
Cerium polishing powder is widely used in the polishing of the camera, camera lens, TV picture tube, glasses, etc.
Ceria has the advantages of fast polishing speed, high finish, and long service life.
Ceria and neodymium oxide are the main rare earth elements used for glass decolorization.
Rare earth glass decolorizer can not only improve the efficiency, but also avoid the pollution of white arsenic.
Ceria has the advantages of high temperature stability, low price and no absorption of visible light.
Rare earth ions have stable and bright colors at high temperature.
They are used to mix in Ceria liquid to make various colors of glass.
Neodymium, praseodymium, erbium, cerium and other rare earth oxides are excellent glass colorants.
Ceria is added to daily glass, such as building and automobile glass and crystal glass, which can reduce the transmittance of ultraviolet light.
Ceria's insolubility in water and dilute acid makes it a versatile material with a spectrum of applications.
One of Ceria's primary uses is as an abrasive, employed in the grinding and polishing of various materials.
Historically, Ceria played a crucial role in polishing specialized glass, such as telescope mirrors.
Beyond abrasives, Ceria finds application in heat-resistant alloy coatings and ceramic coatings.
Leveraging its exceptional properties, Ceria is pivotal across multiple sectors:
Glass Polishing:
Ceria is renowned for its role in polishing glass surfaces to achieve high-quality finishes, from mirrors and optical lenses to television and computer screens.
Catalysis:
Ceria catalyzes the reduction of harmful emissions in automotive exhaust systems and facilitates critical chemical reactions.
Ceramics:
Ceria contributes to the color enhancement and durability of ceramic products and is essential in manufacturing solid oxide fuel cells.
Electronics:
As a dopant, Ceria enhances the performance of semiconductor materials.
UV Absorption:
Ceria's ability to absorb ultraviolet light makes it a key ingredient in sunscreens and protective plastics.
Cerium has two main applications, which are listed below:
The principal industrial application of Ceria is for polishing, especially chemical-mechanical planarization (CMP).
For this purpose, Ceria has displaced many other oxides that were previously used, such as iron oxide and zirconia.
For hobbyists, Ceria is also known as "opticians' rouge".
In its other main application, Ceria is used to decolorize glass.
Ceria functions by converting green-tinted ferrous impurities to nearly colorless ferric oxides.
Other niche and emerging applications:
Catalysis:
Ceria has attracted much attention in the area of heterogeneous catalysis.
Ceria catalyses the water-gas shift reaction.
Ceria oxidizes carbon monoxide.
Ceria's reduced derivative Ce2O3 reduces water, with release of hydrogen.
The interconvertibility of CeOx materials is the basis of the use of Ceria for an oxidation catalyst.
One small but illustrative use is Ceria's use in the walls of self-cleaning ovens as a hydrocarbon oxidation catalyst during the high-temperature cleaning process.
Another small scale but famous example is Ceria's role in oxidation of natural gas in gas mantles.
Building on its distinct surface interactions, Ceria finds further use as a sensor in catalytic converters in automotive applications, controlling the air-exhaust ratio to reduce NOx and carbon monoxide emissions.
Energy & fuels:
Due to the significant ionic and electronic conduction of Ceria, Ceria is well suited to be used as a mixed conductor.
As such, Ceria is a material of interest for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) in comparison to zirconium oxide.
Thermochemically, the cerium(IV) oxide–cerium(III) oxide cycle or CeO2/Ce2O3 cycle is a two-step water splitting process that has been used for hydrogen production.
Because Ceria leverages the oxygen vacancies between systems, this allows Ceria in water to form hydroxyl (OH) groups.
The hydroxyl groups can then be released as oxygen oxidizes, thus providing a source of clean energy.
Optics:
Ceria is highly valued in the optics industry for its exceptional polishing capabilities.
Ceria effectively removes minor scratches and imperfections from glass surfaces through both mechanical abrasion and chemical interaction, producing a smooth, high-gloss finish.
Ceria can also enhance the durability of optical surfaces by forming a protective layer that increases resistance to scratches and environmental wear.
Ceria has also found use in infrared filters and as a replacement for thorium dioxide in incandescent mantles.
Welding:
Ceria is used as an addition to tungsten electrodes for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding.
Ceria provides advantages over pure Tungsten electrodes such as reducing electrode consumption rate and easier arc starting & stability.
Ceria electrodes were first introduced in the US market in 1987, and are useful in AC, DC Electrode Positive, and DC Electrode Negative.
Structure and Defect Behavior of Ceria:
Ceria adopts the fluorite structure, space group Fm3m, #225 containing 8-coordinate Ce4+ and 4-coordinate O2−.
At high temperatures Ceria releases oxygen to give a non-stoichiometric, anion deficient form that retains the fluorite lattice.
Ceria has the formula CeO(2−x), where 0 < x < 0.28.
The value of x depends on both the temperature, surface termination and the oxygen partial pressure.
The non-stoichiometric form has a blue to black color, and exhibits both ionic and electronic conduction with ionic being the most significant at temperatures > 500 °C.
The number of oxygen vacancies is frequently measured by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to compare the ratio of Ce3+ to Ce4+.
Defect chemistry:
In the most stable fluorite phase of Ceria, it exhibits several defects depending on partial pressure of oxygen or stress state of Ceria.
The primary defects of concern are oxygen vacancies and small polarons (electrons localized on cerium cations).
Increasing the concentration of oxygen defects increases the diffusion rate of oxide anions in the lattice as reflected in an increase in ionic conductivity.
These factors give Ceria favorable performance in applications as a solid electrolyte in solid-oxide fuel cells.
Undoped and doped Ceria also exhibit high electronic conductivity at low partial pressures of oxygen due to reduction of the cerium ion leading to the formation of small polarons.
Since the oxygen atoms in a Ceria crystal occur in planes, diffusion of these anions is facile.
The diffusion rate increases as the defect concentration increases.
The presence of oxygen vacancies at terminating Ceria planes governs the energetics of Ceria interactions with adsorbate molecules, and its wettability.
Controlling such surface interactions is key to harnessing Ceria in catalytic applications.
Natural Occurrence of Ceria:
Ceria occurs naturally as the mineral cerianite-(Ce).
Ceria is a rare example of tetravalent cerium mineral, the other examples being stetindite-(Ce) and dyrnaesite-(La).
The "-(Ce)" suffix is known as Levinson modifier and is used to show which element dominates in a particular site in the structure.
Ceria is often found in names of minerals bearing rare earth elements (REEs).
Occurrence of cerianite-(Ce) is related to some examples of cerium anomaly, where Ce - which is oxidized easily - is separated from other REEs that remain trivalent and thus fit to structures of other minerals than cerianite-(Ce).
Production of Ceria:
Cerium occurs naturally as oxides, always as a mixture with other rare-earth elements.
Ceria's principal ores are bastnaesite and monazite.
After extraction of the metal ions into aqueous base, Ce is separated from that mixture by addition of an oxidant followed by adjustment of the pH.
This step exploits the low solubility of Ceria and the fact that other rare-earth elements resist oxidation.
Ceria is formed by the calcination of cerium oxalate or cerium hydroxide.
Cerium also forms cerium(III) oxide, Ce2O3, which is unstable and will oxidize to cerium(IV) oxide.
General Manufacturing Information of Ceria:
Industry Processing Sectors:
Petrochemical Manufacturing
All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing
Other (requires additional information)
All Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing
Paint and Coating Manufacturing
Non-metallic Mineral Product Manufacturing (includes clay, glass, cement, concrete, lime, gypsum, and other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing)
Machinery Manufacturing
Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing
Transportation Equipment Manufacturing
Miscellaneous Manufacturing
Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing
All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing
Petroleum Refineries
History of Cerium of Ceria:
The discovery of cerium in oxide form dates back to 1803, with simultaneous reports from scientists in Sweden and Germany.
Jons Jacob Berzelius in Sweden coined the term "ceria" for this oxide.
Cerium is commonly found in various mineral classes, including carbonates, phosphates, silicates, oxides, and hydroxides.
Industrial sources predominantly involve minerals like bastnäsite and monazite.
Handling and Storage of Ceria:
Handling:
Avoid creating dust when handling Ceria as inhalation of dust particles can pose health risks.
Use in well-ventilated areas or employ local exhaust ventilation to reduce airborne exposure.
Minimize direct contact with the skin and eyes.
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, safety glasses, and dust masks.
Avoid inhaling the dust or fumes generated from heating.
Keep Ceria away from incompatible substances, particularly strong acids, which may cause reactions.
Storage:
Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from sources of heat or ignition.
Ensure containers are tightly closed to prevent moisture uptake or contamination.
Avoid storing with reactive chemicals like strong oxidizing agents or acids.
Store in original containers or compatible containers made of non-reactive materials.
Stability and Reactivity of Ceria:
Stability:
Ceria is generally stable under normal conditions of use and storage.
Stable at high temperatures but may react under extreme conditions with strong acids or other reactive chemicals.
Reactivity:
Ceria can react with strong acids, producing cerium salts and generating heat.
Ceria is not considered a highly reactive material but may exhibit some oxidation-reduction reactions in specific environments.
Conditions to Avoid:
Avoid contact with strong acids or strong oxidizing agents.
Exposure to high humidity could cause Ceria to absorb moisture.
Hazardous Decomposition Products:
In the event of a fire or thermal decomposition, Ceria may release harmful fumes, including cerium compounds and other metal oxides.
First Aid Measures of Ceria:
Inhalation:
If inhaled, move the person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing is difficult, give oxygen and seek medical attention.
If symptoms such as coughing or respiratory irritation persist, seek medical advice.
Skin Contact:
Wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water.
Remove contaminated clothing and rinse the skin well.
Seek medical attention if irritation or rash develops.
Eye Contact:
Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
Ensure that the eyelids are held open during flushing to thoroughly cleanse the eyes.
Seek medical attention if irritation persists.
Ingestion:
If swallowed, rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel.
Seek immediate medical attention.
Firefighting Measures of Ceria:
Suitable Extinguishing Media:
Use extinguishing media appropriate to the surrounding fire, such as water spray, carbon dioxide, dry chemical, or foam.
Ceria is not flammable but may decompose under extreme heat.
Firefighting Instructions:
Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and full protective gear to prevent exposure to toxic fumes.
Prevent run-off from firefighting from entering drains or water bodies.
Specific Hazards:
Though Ceria itself is not combustible, it may release toxic fumes (metal oxides) when exposed to fire or extreme heat.
Accidental Release Measures of Ceria:
Personal Precautions:
Wear appropriate protective equipment, including respiratory protection, gloves, and goggles, to avoid inhalation or contact with skin and eyes.
Ensure adequate ventilation in the area of the spill.
Environmental Precautions:
Prevent Ceria from entering watercourses, drains, or soil.
Contain the spill using non-combustible materials (such as sand, earth) and avoid creating dust.
Cleanup Procedures:
Use a vacuum or wet sweeping to collect Ceria, avoiding dry sweeping which may create airborne dust.
Place the collected material in properly labeled containers for disposal.
Dispose of in accordance with local environmental regulations.
Exposure Controls/Personal Protection of Ceria:
Exposure Limits:
No specific exposure limits have been established for Ceria, but general exposure limits for particulates and dust (e.g., OSHA’s PEL for particulates) may apply.
Engineering Controls:
Use local exhaust ventilation or other engineering controls to keep airborne concentrations below recommended exposure limits.
Ensure work areas are well-ventilated, especially where dust generation is possible.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Respiratory Protection:
If there is a risk of inhaling dust, use an approved respirator (N95 or similar) to protect against airborne particulates.
Skin Protection:
Wear chemical-resistant gloves and protective clothing to prevent skin exposure.
Eye Protection:
Use safety glasses or goggles to protect against dust particles.
Hygiene Measures:
Wash hands, face, and any exposed skin thoroughly after handling.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Ceria.
Identifiers of Ceria:
Linear Formula: CeO2
CAS Number: 1306-38-3
Molecular Weight: 172.11
EC Number: 215-150-4
MDL number: MFCD00010933
UNSPSC Code: 12352300
PubChem Substance ID: 329752315
NACRES: NA.22
Linear Formula: CeO2
CAS: 1306-38-3
MDL Number: MFCD00010933
EC No.: 215-150-4
Beilstein/Reaxys No.: N/A
Pubchem CID: 73963
IUPAC Name: Dioxocerium
SMILES: [Ce+4].O=[N+]([O-])[O-].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+](=O)O.[O-][N+](=O)O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.N.N
InchI Identifier: InChI=1S/Ce.2O
InchI Key: CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Number:
1306-38-3 check
12014-56-1 (hydrate)
ChEBI: CHEBI:79089
ChemSpider: 8395107
ECHA InfoCard: 100.013.774
PubChem CID: 73963
UNII:
619G5K328Y
20GT4M7CWG (hydrate)
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID4040214
Properties of Ceria:
Chemical formula: CeO2
Molar mass: 172.115 g/mol
Appearance: white or pale yellow solid,
slightly hygroscopic
Density: 7.215 g/cm3
Melting point: 2,400 °C (4,350 °F; 2,670 K)
Boiling point: 3,500 °C (6,330 °F; 3,770 K)
Solubility in water: insoluble
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): +26.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Molecular Weight: 172.115 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 171.89528 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 171.89528 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 34.1Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 3
Complexity: 18.3
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Compound Formula: CeO2
Molecular Weight: 172.12
Appearance: Brown to yellow
Melting Point: 2340 °C (4240 °F)
Boiling Point: 3,500° C (6,332° F)
Density: 7.6 g/cm3
Solubility in H2O: N/A
Electrical Resistivity: 4 10x Ω-m
Specific Heat: 390 J/kg-K
Thermal Expansion: 11 µm/m-K
Young's Modulus: 180 GPa
Exact Mass: 171.895 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 171.895264 Da
Quality Level: 200
Assay: ≥99.0%
form: solid
reaction suitability:
core: cerium
reagent type: catalyst
loss: ≤0.5% loss on ignition
density: 7.13 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
SMILES string: O=[Ce]=O
InChI: 1S/Ce.2O
InChI key: CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Structure of Ceria:
Crystal structure: cubic crystal system, cF12 (fluorite)
Space group: Fm3m, #225
Lattice constant:
a = 5.41 Å, b = 5.41 Å, c = 5.41 Å
α = 90°, β = 90°, γ = 90°
Coordination geometry: Ce, 8, cubic
O, 4, tetrahedral
Names of Ceria:
IUPAC name:
Cerium(IV) oxide
Other names:
Ceric oxide,
Ceria,
Cerium dioxide