BASIC CHROMIUM SULFATE
Basic chromium sulfate, with the formula Cr(OH)(SO4), is primarily used in the leather tanning industry to stabilize collagen fibers in hides, resulting in durable, flexible, and water-resistant leather products.
Basic chromium sulfate contains trivalent chromium (Cr3+), which is significantly less toxic than hexavalent chromium, making it safer for industrial applications, although careful handling and disposal are necessary to prevent environmental contamination.
In addition to tanning, Basic chromium sulfate is utilized in dyeing textiles, producing pigments, and electroplating, showcasing its versatility in various industries due to its chemical stability and effectiveness.
CAS Number: 39380-78-4
EC Number: 235-595-8
Molecular Formula: CrH3O12S3
Molecular Mass: 343.208 g/mol
Synonyms: Koreon, Chromitan B, Baychrom A, Baychrom F, Chromitan MS, Chromitan NA, Cromitan B, Sulfuric acid, chromium salt, Chronisulfat, Chronisulfat, basic chromic sulfate, CHROMIUM(III) SULFATE BASIC, Chromium(Iii)SulphateBasic, CHROMIUM (III) SULPHATE BASIC Extra Pure, Chromic sulfate (basic), Chromosal B, Chromium sulfate, CHROMIC SULFATE, Chromium(III) sulfate, Chromium sulphate, 10101-53-8, Dichromium trisulfate, Chromic sulphate, Dichromium sulfate, Chromosulfuric acid, Dichromium sulphate, Dichromium trisulphate, Sulfuric acid, chromium salt, chromium(3+);trisulfate, UNII-Y0C99N5TMZ, 14489-25-9, Y0C99N5TMZ, Koreon, Chromitan B, Baychrom A, Baychrom F, Chromitan MS, Chromitan NA, Cromitan B, Chronisulfat, Chronisulfat, Chromium sulfate (VAN), Dichromium tris(sulphate), Chromium sulphate (2:3), CCRIS 6182, HSDB 2543, Chromium (III) sulfate, chromium(3+) trisulfate, EINECS 233-253-2, NSC 51151, UN2240, Chromisulfat, CI 77305, Chromium (III) sulfate (2:3), Chromosulfuric acid, 2Cr.3SO4, Chromic sulfate, CHEBI:53471, DTXSID20890642, 5170AF, AKOS015897499, FT-0658527, A800314, Sulfuric acid chromium(3+)salt(3:2),pentadecahydrate, SULFURIC ACID CHROMIUM(3+) SALT (3:2), PENTADECAHYDRATE, CHROMIUM SULFATE,BASIC, Chromium hydroxide sulfate, basic chrome sulphate, Chromosal B, basic chromic sulfate, Chromic sulfate (basic), chromium sulphate basic, chromic hydroxide sulfate, Chromium(Iii)SulphateBasic, CHROMIUM(III) SULFATE BASIC, chromium(3+) hydroxide sulfate, CHROMIUM (III) SULPHATE BASIC Extra Pure, Chromium (III) Sulphate Basic extrapure, 22.5% Cr
Basic chromium sulfate is a versatile chemical compound with the formula Cr(OH)(SO4).
Basic chromium sulfate is primarily used in the leather tanning industry due to its ability to stabilize the collagen fibers in hides and skins, making them more durable, flexible, and resistant to degradation.
Basic chromium sulfate appears as an amorphous green powder or flakes and is typically produced by the reduction of sodium dichromate with sulfur dioxide in an acidic medium.
Basic chromium sulfate contains chromium in its trivalent form (Cr3+), which is less toxic than hexavalent chromium, making it safer for industrial applications.
Basic chromium sulfate is used not only for tanning leather but also in dyeing processes, pigments, and occasionally in metal surface treatment.
In the tanning process, Basic chromium sulfate helps create soft, water-resistant, and long-lasting leather products.
Basic chromium sulfate is highly soluble in water and releases chromium ions that react with proteins in animal hides, leading to their stabilization.
Despite its widespread use, the handling and disposal of Basic chromium sulfate must be managed carefully to prevent environmental contamination, as chromium compounds can have significant ecological impacts if not treated properly in industrial waste streams.
This has led to ongoing research and development of more eco-friendly alternatives in the leather industry.
Basic chromium sulfate is used in dyeing of khaki cloth and in manufacture of chrome-based dyestuffs.
Basic chromium sulfate is often left in the technical product since it is inert with respect to the tanning process.
Basic chromium sulfate is important to fully reduce the hexavalent chromium to trivalent since the hexavalent is more likely to cause health problems for tanners and leather consumers.
Basic chromium sulfate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Cr(OH)(SO4).
Basic chromium sulfate is a green, odorless solid at room temperature.
Basic chromium sulfate is typically sold in powder form.
Basic chromium sulfate has high tanning power and hence largely used in the tanning of leather.
Basic chromium sulfate is easily soluble in cold water and very soluble in hot water.
Chromium, particularly in the hexavalent oxidation state, is toxic, hence Basic chromium sulfate, which is comparatively less toxic, is preferred in the leather industry.
Basic chromium sulfate are the mixture of various form of Chromium Sulphates including containing Chromium Hyrdoxide sulphate form chiefly.
Basic chromium sulfate is prepared by the reduction of Sodium Dichromate Solution in the presence of Sulphuric Acid or Sulfur dioxide.
The Cr2O3 content is 23.19% and a pH of 3.01, Basic chromium sulfate available in Dark green colour.
Ferrochromium and chromium based compounds are produced worldwide from chromite ore.
Chrome chemicals are from chromium based compounds.
Basic chromium sulfate is a chrome chemical mostly required as main tanning agent in chrome tanning process in leather industry and also to synthesize other chromic compounds.
Basic chromium sulfate is a key chemical agent extensively used in the leather tanning industry, where it facilitates the transformation of raw animal hides into durable leather.
Basic chromium sulfate's chemical composition, typically Cr(OH)(SO4), contains trivalent chromium (Cr3+), which is significantly safer than its hexavalent counterpart (Cr6+), known for its toxicity.
Basic chromium sulfate is produced through the reduction of sodium dichromate by sulfur dioxide in an acidic environment, resulting in a green, water-soluble compound in powder or flake form.
One of the most important attributes of Basic chromium sulfate is its ability to form cross-links between collagen fibers in animal hides, improving the strength, durability, and flexibility of the leather.
This process also enhances leather's resistance to bacterial degradation, water, and wear, which is crucial for producing high-quality leather goods like shoes, bags, belts, and upholstery.
Basic chromium sulfate is favored because of its efficiency in tanning, which results in softer and more consistent leather with excellent color-fastness when dyed.
Beyond its primary use in leather processing, Basic chromium sulfate is also applied in other industries.
Basic chromium sulfate is used as a mordant in the dyeing of textiles and fabrics, enhancing the bond between the dye and the material for better color retention.
Additionally, Basic chromium sulfate is employed in the production of pigments, in electroplating, and in metal surface treatment to improve corrosion resistance and surface finishing.
However, despite the advantages of Basic chromium sulfate, there are environmental concerns regarding its use.
The tanning industry is one of the largest producers of industrial wastewater, and if improperly treated, the chromium compounds released can lead to soil and water contamination.
Trivalent chromium itself is relatively low in toxicity, but under certain environmental conditions, Basic chromium sulfate can oxidize into the more hazardous hexavalent chromium.
For this reason, modern leather processing plants are implementing more advanced waste management techniques, such as recycling Basic chromium sulfate and using closed-loop systems to minimize the environmental footprint.
Research into alternative tanning agents, such as vegetable-based or synthetic tanning chemicals, is also ongoing, driven by both environmental regulations and consumer demand for more sustainable products.
In summary, Basic chromium sulfate plays a critical role in the global leather industry due to its effective tanning properties, offering superior leather quality.
However, Basic chromium sulfate's environmental impact necessitates responsible handling and the adoption of greener alternatives wherever possible.
Uses of Basic chromium sulfate:
Basic chromium sulfate is predominantly used in the leather tanning industry, where it plays a crucial role in converting raw animal hides into durable, flexible leather.
This process, known as chrome tanning, results in leather that is softer, more resistant to water, and has enhanced durability, making Basic chromium sulfate ideal for producing a wide range of products such as shoes, bags, belts, and upholstery.
Beyond tanning, Basic chromium sulfate is also used in the textile industry as a mordant in dyeing processes, helping to fix dyes onto fabrics, improving color retention and fastness.
Additionally, Basic chromium sulfate finds application in the production of pigments for paints and inks, as well as in metal finishing and electroplating, where it is used to improve corrosion resistance and enhance surface properties.
Although its primary application is in tanning, Basic chromium sulfate's versatility extends to other industries that benefit from its chemical stability and effectiveness.
Basic chromium sulfate finds its primary use in the leather industry as a crucial component in the tanning process.
Here are the key uses of Basic Chromium Sulfate:
Leather Tanning:
Basic chromium sulfate is a key agent in the tanning process, where it stabilizes the collagen fibers of animal hides, making them durable and resistant to decomposition.
Stabilization of Collagen Fibers:
Basic chromium sulfate is used in the leather tanning process to cross-link collagen fibers in animal hides.
This cross-linking makes the leather more durable, flexible, and resistant to decomposition.
Improvement of Leather Qualities:
Basic chromium sulfate enhances the physical properties of leather, such as its tensile strength, flexibility, and resistance to heat, moisture, and microbial attack.
Softness and Drape:
Basic chromium sulfate helps in achieving desired softness and drape in leather, making it suitable for various applications in footwear, apparel, upholstery, and accessories.
Uses in Pottery:
Basic chromium sulfate can also be used in making ceramics, green ink, and organic substances.
Basic chromium sulfate can also be used for dyeing and printing.
Basic chromium sulfate is also used in green paints, varnishes, inks, and ceramic glazes.
Basic chromium sulfate can be used in tanning and retanning of any kind of leather including hides or skins.
Due to Basic chromium sulfate properties, Our product meets all requirements of a good leather tanning of any kinds.
Uniformity and evenness of color and tanning effect is one of the plus points of this product which is suitable for dyeing to any shade.
Leather made with this product is fine in grain and has a good compactness.
Basic chromium sulfate is compatible with other standard products used together with this product.
Applications of Basic Chromium Sulfate:
Basic chromium sulfate is mainly used in tanning of processing leather industry or synthesis of other chromium based re-tanning agents and production of chromic compound.
Basic chromium sulfate is also used in dyeing of khaki cloth and in manufacture of chrome-based dyestuffs.
Other Applications:
Basic chromium sulfate is used in some specialty pigments, and as a mordant in textile dyeing.
Manufacturing of Basic chromium sulfate:
During the preparation of Basic chromium sulfate, sodium dichromate containing chromium (VI) is reduced to chromium (III) by sulfur-di-oxide in a packed tower at a chemical process industry (B&M Chemicals, India) where the Basic chromium sulfate is produced at suboptimal efficiency due to inefficient (suboptimal) absorption of sulfur-di-oxide (as the gas enters the tower at a higher temperature) followed by reaction.
Improper reduction leads to the presence of unconverted chromium (VI) that imparts toxicity, not only through product basic-chromium- sulfate but also through leather and articles produced using this chemical.
Design and operating conditions of the packed bed absorber were found and effects of pH, temperature and concentration of SO2 on the performance of absorption were studied.
The reaction is favored at pH 4.
The overall efficiency of conversion in the tower is increased from 70% to 80% by operating the column at optimal operating conditions obtained using response surface method.
Dispersion is achieved by random packing that provides complex countercurrent flow path resulting in greater probability of entraining gas inside the tower.
Profiles of Basic chromium sulfate are obtained along the height of the tower by solving mathematical models of the reactive absorption process.
Chromium (VI) is 99% reduced to chromium (III) in the product.
Leached residues and liquid wastes are treated with either ferrous sulfate or sodium sulfide to convert chromium (VI) to chromium (III) to provide sustainable technology.
Treated solid waste is stored before safe disposal in hazardous landfill facility.
As chromium (VI) is highly toxic, several sustainable methods are suggested to eliminate Basic chromium sulfate from effluent to provide cleaner and sustainable production environment in the industry.
Basic chromium sulfate is produced from the simple reduction of Cr (VI) to Cr (III) by the addition of an excess of sulphur dioxide.
The reaction can be represented as:
Cr2O3 + 3 H2SO4 → Cr2(SO4)3 + 3 H2O
Another reaction, based on the same mechanism as above, for the production of Basic chromium sulfate industrially is:
Na2Cr2O7 + 3SO2 + H2O → 2Cr(SO4)(OH) + Na2SO4
The reaction is carried out in a steam-heated vessel.
The excess sulphur dioxide formed during the reaction is removed in another reaction tower.
Basic chromium sulfate obtained is in liquid state, Basic chromium sulfate is spray dried to form a powder, which is later packed in bags and sold.
In this study, Basic chromium sulfate was prepared, and the product was manufactured from the widely used triple chromium, in addition to sodium chr omate and calcium chromate in certain proportions at a temperature of 1200 °C, as well as using sulfuric acid and glucose as shown in the experiment.
Manufacturing until we get the final product.
Some of the devices used in the mass production process, such as the CSTR reactor and dryer, were designed, with a brief explanation of the rest of the devices used.
In addition, a study was conducted on the environmental impact of the product, in proportion to the industrial need and to achieve the slogan of clean and environmentally friendly work.
Although there is no environmental impact of the product that has been manufactured, care must be taken when dealing with these materials as well as safety and health precautions must be used professional establishments.
The sample was done and completed of the skin was taken and treated with the Basic chromium sulfate that was manufactured, and some chemical tests were conducted on the sample, and the conclusion is that the base percentage is 33.33%, the percentage of chromium oxide is 3.8%, and the total ash percentage is 2.25%, and these percentages show the quality of the product.
Reactions of Basic Chromium Sulfate:
Basic chromium sulfate is produced from chromate salts by reduction with sulfur dioxide, although other methods exist.
The reduction could formally be written:
Na2Cr2O7 + 3 SO2 + H2O → Cr2(SO4)3 + 2 NaOH
Since 33% of the anion charges are due to hydroxy ions the basicity is 33% (but in tanning jargon it is known as 33% reduced).
Products with higher basicities, e.g. 42% or 50% may be obtained by the addition of sodium carbonate, these are often used in combination with sodium formate.
Production method of Basic Chromium Sulfate:
The production methods of Basic chromium sulfate mainly include organic reduction method and sulfur dioxide reduction method.
The organic matter reduction method uses sodium dichromate mother liquor with sodium bisulfate solution (40~42 ° Bé) or sulfuric acid in a lead-lined or glass-lined stirred reactor for stirring and acidification, and slowly adds sucrose reducing agent under stirring.
The hexavalent chromium is reduced, and the solution is kept boiling at the end of the reaction, which is conducive to the complete reaction.
The reaction product is a syrup-like viscous liquid.
Add water to adjust the concentration of the solution to 40~42 ° Bé.
First, Basic chromium sulfate is naturally cooled, and then frozen to below 10 ℃ in a cooling crystallizer to make part of the sodium sulfate form mirabilite crystals.
After centrifugal separation, a liquid Basic chromium sulfate product is prepared, and then concentrated and dried to obtain a solid Basic chromium sulfate finished product.
Preparation Method of Basic chromium sulfate:
The production methods of Basic chromium sulfate mainly include organic matter reduction method and sulfur dioxide reduction method.
Organic reduction method:
After sodium dichromate mother liquor is acidified with sodium bisulfate solution or sulfuric acid in a lead-lined or glass-lined reactor with stirring, sucrose reducing agent is slowly added under stirring to reduce hexavalent chromium, at the end of the reaction, the boiling of the solution is maintained, which is beneficial to the completion of the reaction.
The reaction product is a syrup-like viscous liquid.
Water is added to adjust the concentration of the solution to 40-42086, and the solution is first naturally cooled, and then frozen in a cooling crystallizer to below 10 ℃ to make part of the sodium sulfate to form mirabilite crystals, after centrifugal separation, liquid Basic chromium sulfate product was prepared, and then concentrated and dried to obtain solid Basic chromium sulfate product.
Handling and Storage of Basic Chromium Sulfate:
Handling:
Avoid direct contact with the substance by using appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE).
Ensure adequate ventilation in work areas.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke when using this chemical.
Storage:
Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated place.
Keep containers tightly closed and away from incompatible substances such as strong acids, bases, and oxidizing agents.
Stability and Reactivity of Basic Chromium Sulfate:
Stability:
Stable under normal conditions of use and storage.
Reactivity:
Reacts with strong acids and oxidizing agents.
Decomposes under extreme heat to produce toxic fumes, including chromium oxides.
First Aid Measures of Basic Chromium Sulfate:
Inhalation:
Move the affected person to fresh air.
Seek medical attention if symptoms persist.
Skin Contact:
Wash with plenty of water and soap.
Remove contaminated clothing and seek medical advice if irritation develops.
Eye Contact:
Rinse immediately with water for at least 15 minutes.
Get medical attention if irritation persists.
Ingestion:
Rinse mouth and drink water if conscious.
Do not induce vomiting.
Seek medical help immediately.
Firefighting Measures of Basic Chromium Sulfate:
Extinguishing Media:
Use water spray, foam, dry chemical, or CO₂ for extinguishing fires.
Hazards:
In case of fire, hazardous fumes may include chromium oxides.
Protective Equipment:
Firefighters should wear full protective clothing and self-contained breathing apparatus.
Accidental Release Measures of Basic Chromium Sulfate:
Personal Precautions:
Wear appropriate PPE, including gloves and eye protection.
Ensure proper ventilation.
Environmental Precautions:
Prevent the material from entering drains or watercourses.
Containment and Cleanup:
Sweep up spilled material carefully to avoid dust formation.
Dispose of waste according to local regulations.
Exposure Controls/Personal Protection of Basic Chromium Sulfate:
Engineering Controls:
Use local exhaust ventilation to keep airborne concentrations below the recommended exposure limits.
Personal Protection:
Respiratory Protection:
Use an approved respirator if exposure limits are exceeded.
Hand Protection:
Wear protective gloves (e.g., nitrile rubber).
Eye Protection:
Safety goggles or face shield.
Skin Protection:
Wear appropriate protective clothing.
Identifiers of Basic Chromium Sulfate:
CAS No: 39380-78-4
Chemical Formula: CrH3O12S3
Molecular Mass: 343.208 g/mol
Melting Point: 90C
Density: 1.7g/cm3
PH 1.5-2.5
Water Solubility: Soluble in water
Color: Green Crystalline
Physical State: Powder
Formula: Cr4(SO4)5(OH)2
Molecular Weight: 343.208 g/mol
Form: Fine free flowing, Dark green color powder
CAS Number: 39380-78-4
Density: 1.7 g/cm³
Chemical Name: Basic chromium sulfate
Chemical Formula: Cr(OH)SO4 or Cr(OH)SO4·xH2O (where x can vary, indicating hydration state)
CAS Number: 39380-78-4 (for the hydrated form)
EINECS Number: 254-400-5
Properties of Basic chromium sulfate:
grade: puriss.
SMILES string: [Cr+3].[Cr+3].[Cr+3].O[Cr+]O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O
InChI: 1S/4Cr.5H2O4S.2H2O/c;;;;5*1-5(2,3)4;;/h;;;;5*(H2,1,2,3,4);2*1H2/q4*+3;;;;;;;/p-12
InChI key: CHFNDYXSNLPPCO-UHFFFAOYSA-B
Properties of Basic Chromium Sulfate:
Melting point: 90°C
density: 1.7
form: Solid
color: Green Crystalline
Odor: Odorless
PH Range: 1.5 - 2.5
Water Solubility: Soluble in water
Specifications of Basic Chromium Sulfate:
Appearance: Greenish to bluish-green powder or solid
Solubility: Soluble in water
pH of 10% Solution: Typically around 2.5 - 3.5
Chromium Content: Typically 23-26% by weight
Impurities:
Iron (Fe): Typically less than 0.1% by weight
Sulfate (SO4): Typically less than 2% by weight
Insoluble Matter: Typically less than 0.2% by weight
Related Products of Basic Chromium Sulfate:
Copper Sulphate
Copper Sulphate Anhydrous
Magnesium Sulphate Heptahydrate
Manganese Sulphate
MeSH of Basic Chromium Sulfate:
Basic chromium sulfate
chromium (+2) sulfate (1:1)
chromium (+3) sulfate (3:2)
chromium (+3) sulfate (3:2), hexahydrate
chromium (+3) sulfate (3:2), pentadecahydrate
chromium sulfate
chromium sulfate basic
chromosulfuric acid