CARMINE
Carmine is a natural red pigment derived from carminic acid, which is extracted from the dried and crushed bodies of the cochineal insect (Dactylopius coccus), a species native to Central and South America.
Renowned for its vibrant and stable red hue, carmine is widely used as a coloring agent in food products like candies, yogurts, and beverages, as well as in cosmetics, textiles, and traditional art forms.
Despite its versatility and historical significance, carmine's insect origin raises ethical concerns for vegans and individuals avoiding animal-derived products, spurring interest in synthetic and plant-based alternatives.
CAS Number: 1390-65-4
EC Number: 215-724-4
Molecular Formula: C22H20O13
Exact Mass: 492.09039069 g/mol
Synonyms:, Natural Red 4, Cochineal Extract, CI 75470, E120 (European food additive number), Crimson Lake, Natural Red 4, C.I. Natural Red 4, Cochineal Dye, Carminic Acid, Natural Carmine, Cochineal Carmine, Crimson Lake, C.I. 75470, E120 (European food additive number), Cochineal Lake, Coccineal, CI Natural Red 4, E120(ii) (European food additive number for carminic acid), Natural Red 4, Carminic Lake, CI Acid Red 14, Cochineal Red, Carmine Lake, C.I. 75470:1, Red Cochineal, Cochineal Red A, E120(i) (European food additive number for cochineal extract), Red Lake C, Crimson, Natural Scarlet 4, Carminium, C.I. Pigment Red 63, C.I. 75470:2, Red Natural 4, C.I. Natural Red 4, Aluminum Lake, CI 75470:1 (Color Index number), Red Lake C (Food additive name), Carminol, Carmoisine, CI Food Red 7, Cocciniglia Red, Carminesk Carmine, Carmine 6B, C.I. Acid Red 51, Coccineal Carmine, Carmine B, Carminic Acid Lake, Crimson Carmine, Red Natural 4 Lake, Cochineal Natural Red 4, Natural Scarlet 4, CI 75470:1 (Color Index number), C.I. Natural Red 4 Lake, Carmine Lake Extra, Cochineal Carmine Lake, Coccinellin, CI 75470:1 (Food color), Cochineal Extract, CI Acid Red 14, E120(ii) (European food additive number for carminic acid), Carmine Red Lake, Natural Red 4 Aluminum Lake, Coccineal Red A, Crimson Lake C, Cochineal Carmine A, CI Natural Red 4 (Color Index number), Carmine Red Extra, Natural Cochineal Lake, Carmine Lake B, E120 (Food additive number), CI 75470:1 (European food additive number), Cochineal Lake Dye, Carmine Lake Powder, Red Cochineal Lake, Coccineal Lake Natural Red 4, Cochineal, 1343-78-8, 1390-65-4, 3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-1-methyl-9,10-dioxo-7-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]anthracene-2-carboxylic acid, C.I. Natural red 4, Carmine Red, C.I. 75470, Alum lake of carminic acid, C ochineal, NSC326224, NSC-326224, E120, C. I. 75470, SCHEMBL341505, SCHEMBL19649523, FEMA 2330, DTXSID20859613, HMS3346I22, FT-0623494, FT-0623495, FT-0624015, D89264, J-005319, 2-Anthracenecarboxylic acid,10-dihydro-3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-1-methyl-9,10-dioxo-, 7-Glucopyranosyl-3,4,5,8-tetrahydroxy-1-methylanthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid, 1-Anthroic acid,10-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetrahydroxy-4-methyl-9,10-dioxo-6-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanoyl)-, 1219145-87-5, 7-Hexopyranosyl-9,10-dihydro-3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-1-methyl-9,10-dioxo-2-anthracenecarboxylic acid
Carmine is a bright red pigment derived from the aluminum or calcium salts of carminic acid, which is extracted from the crushed bodies of the Carmine insect (Dactylopius coccus), a scale insect native to tropical and subtropical regions.
Carmine is used for centuries as a natural dye, carmine is prized for its vivid, stable color and ability to withstand light and heat without significant fading.
Carmine is commonly employed in the food industry as a coloring agent, labeled as E120 in the European Union, and is found in products like candies, yogurts, beverages, and cosmetics, particularly lipsticks and blushes.
Carmine's production process involves drying the insects, extracting the carminic acid, and purifying it to produce the final pigment.
Carmine has been used historically in art, textiles, and manuscripts, providing a rich, lasting hue in paints and fabrics.
In modern times, carmine is still used in some traditional art forms, including watercolors and oil paints, due to its vibrancy and resistance to discoloration.
However, carmine has also faced some controversies.
Some individuals experience allergic reactions to it, and Carmine's use is not suitable for vegans or those avoiding animal-derived products.
The ethical concerns over animal exploitation and Carmine's insect origins have led to growing interest in synthetic alternatives and plant-based dyes.
Despite these concerns, carmine remains one of the most widely used natural red pigments globally, appreciated for Carmine's rich hue and cultural significance.
Carmine extract, crimson lake or carmine lake, natural red 4, C.I. 75470, or E120, is a pigment of a bright-red color obtained from the aluminium complex derived from carminic acid.
Carmine is also a general term for a particularly deep-red color.
Carmine responsible for the red color in carmine is carminic acid.
Carmine has been used as a colorant for various purposes, including food and cosmetics, due to its vibrant and stable red hue.
The vibrant red color of carmine is derived from the chemical compound carminic acid.
Carmine insects are native to Central and South America and have been used for centuries in traditional dyeing practices.
To obtain carmine, the insects are harvested, dried, and crushed to extract the color.
Carmine is known for its intense and stable red hue, making it a popular choice in various applications.
The use of carmine dates back to ancient civilizations, including the Aztecs and the Mayans.
In contemporary times, carmine is used as a natural colorant in food and beverages.
Carmine is often used in the food industry to impart a rich red color to products such as yogurt, candies, and fruit juices.
Carmine is a common ingredient in cosmetics, providing a vivid red shade in lipsticks, blushes, and eyeshadows.
Carmine is also utilized in textile industries to color fabrics and garments.
Carmine is known for its excellent light and heat stability, making it suitable for a range of applications.
The harvesting and processing of Carmine insects for carmine can be labor-intensive.
The red pigment obtained from carmine is considered a natural alternative to synthetic red dyes.
Carmine has been granted approval for use in certain organic and natural food products.
The deep red color of carmine is often associated with luxury and opulence.
The chemical structure of carminic acid contributes to its stability and resistance to fading.
The traditional method of extracting carmine involves boiling the crushed insects in water.
Carmine is considered a safe and effective coloring agent when used within regulatory guidelines.
The Carmine insects feed on specific cactus plants, and their diet influences the color of the dye.
The use of carmine in food and cosmetics is subject to labeling requirements to inform consumers of its presence.
The bright red hue of carmine is valued in artistic and cultural contexts for its visual impact.
Carmine farming and carmine production are practices that have sustained indigenous communities for generations.
Carmine is praised for its versatility, offering a natural solution for achieving various shades of red.
The pigment extracted from Carmine insects has been a part of global trade since colonial times.
Carmine remains a sought-after natural colorant, appreciated for its authenticity and historical significance.
Carmine is mixed with other substances (e.g. tin) to make it more colour-stable
Carmine is used in various well-known food products — chocolate, yoghurt drinks, etc. — as well as in pharmaceutical products.
Carmine is natural red food colour
Carmine is produced from the Dactylopius coccus, living on different species of succulents.
Carmine is the pure colour, whereas Carmine is the crude extract.
Carmine gives food a shade ranging from pink to purple is the name of the colour pigment
Carmine is still used as an organic ant-repellent.
Carmine is the name of the pigment; the actual colour is carminic acid (C22H20O13)
Carmine is one of the few natural and water-soluble colorants that resist degradation with time.
Carmine is the most light- and heat-stable and oxidation-resistant of all the natural colorants
Carmine is even more stable than some synthetic food colours.
Carmine is a coloring substance of reddish-purple color.
Carmine is almost not sensitive to light, heat processing and oxidation.
Carmine is mainly used in fish and meat processing, dairy and confectionery industries, for alcoholic and soft beverages.
Carmine food coloring is also used in the manufacturing of sausages, sauces, ketchup, glaze, juices and jelly.
Carmine is the name given to the carmine used in the food industry.
Carmine is a colorant that has a very powerful tone
Carmine is a food additive approved by the European Union (EU).
Carmine is used as a colouring agent in food and drink products, as well as in cosmetics.
Carmine gives a red colour to products.
Carmine is not vegetarian.
Carmine is highly soluble in water.
Carmine is used in cosmetics products.
Carmine gives food a shade ranging from pink to purple
So Carmine can be used in any product that requires these shades and, naturally, do not have an attractive color for the consumer.
In addition, Carmine is probably the dye with the best technological characteristics among the natural ones.
Carmine is red food colouring.
Carmine belongs to the family of Anthraquinone Glycosides.
Carmine is a organic compounds containing an anthraquinone moiety glycosidically bound to a carbohydrate moiety.
Carmine is coloring matter from the Coccus cacti L.
Carmine is used in foods, pharmaceuticals, toiletries, etc.
Carmine is used as a dye.
Carmine also has use as a microscopic stain and biological marker.
Carmine appears as dark purplish-brown mass or bright red or dark red powder.
Carmine darkens at 248 °F.
Carmine has a deep red color in water.
Carmine is yellow to violet in acidic aqueous solutions
Carmine is a tetrahydroxyanthraquinone that is that is 1,3,4,6-tetrahydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone substituted by a methyl group at position 8, a carboxy group at position 7 and a 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol moiety at position 2 via a C-glycosidic linkage.
Carmine is a natural dye isolated from several lives such as Dactylopius coccus.
Carmine has a role as an live metabolite and a histological dye.
Carmine is a tetrahydroxyanthraquinone, a monocarboxylic acid and a C-glycosyl compound.
Carmine is a conjugate acid of a carminate(2-).
Carmine is used in foods, pharmaceuticals, toiletries, etc., as a dye, and also has use as a microscopic stain and biological marker.
Carmine is natural red food colour
Carmine is produced from the Dactylopius coccus, living on different species of succulents.
Carmine is still used as an organic ant-repellent.
Carmine is a coloring substance of reddish-purple color.
Carmine is mainly used in fish and meat processing, dairy and confectionery industries, for alcoholic and soft beverages.
Carmine is also used in the manufacturing of sausages, sauces, ketchup, glaze, juices and jelly.
Carmine is a colorant that has a very powerful tone
Carmine gives food a shade ranging from pink to purple
Carmine is used as a colouring agent in food and drink products, as well as in cosmetics.
Carmine is not vegetarian.
Carmine is highly soluble in water.
Carmine is used in cosmetics products.
Carmine gives food a shade ranging from pink to purple.
The name carmine is used for two similar pigments derived from different insects.
Carmine is produced from (Dactylopius coccus) a scale insect living as a parasite on the cacti mainly in South America.
The main colorant of this pigment is carminic acid.
The second pigment is derived from another scale insect called kermes which lives as a parasite on the tree Scarlet oak.
The main coloring agent, in this case, is kermesic acid.
The pigment is not very stable unless Carmine is stored in a dry place and is not lightfast and fades even under incandescent illumination.
Carmine cannot be used in acidic and alkaline conditions.
Carmine is obtained from the dried bodies of the gravid female insect Coccus cacti; Carmine has been used as a food and textile dye since ancient times.
Carmine is a dark red color additive obtained via aqueous extraction of Carmine.
Carmine consists of an aluminum or calcium-aluminum lake on an aluminum hydroxide substrate of carminic acid, the coloring principle of Carmine.
Carmine and Carminic acid both contain the red pigment, Carminic acid that presents excellent stability against heat and light.
Carminic acid is a hydroxyanthraquinone linked to a glucose unit and it comprises approximately 10% of Carmine and 2-4% of its extract.
Commercial preparations of carmine contain 20-50% carminic acid.
Carmine is an aqueous extract providing color shades from orange to red and is generally used in low pH applications.
Carmine is insoluble in water, glycerine, and propylene glycol.
Carmine is stable in light and to oxidation but not at varying pH or microbiological attack. Carminic acid is susceptible to oxidation.
Carminic acid is a stable pigment that is soluble in water.
Carmine is soluble in alcohol.
Carmine is a water-dispersible powder which is insoluble in alcohol and oil.
Carmine is readily attached to proteins thus it has been successfully used to color milk-based products.
Applications of Carmine:
Carmine is extensively used as a natural food colorant, providing a vivid red hue to a variety of products.
Carmine is commonly employed in the coloring of yogurts, ice creams, and fruit juices to enhance their visual appeal.
The cosmetic industry utilizes carmine in the formulation of lipsticks, blushes, and eyeshadows for its intense red pigment.
Carmine is an ingredient in the production of natural dyes for textiles, giving fabrics a rich and durable red color.
Carmine finds applications in the coloring of confectionery items such as candies, chocolates, and fruit-flavored sweets.
Carmine is used in the manufacturing of pharmaceutical coatings and oral medications to improve the appearance of tablets and capsules.
Carmine is employed in the creation of artistic paints and pigments, contributing to a spectrum of red tones.
Carmine is applied in the coloring of beverages like fruit punches, sodas, and alcoholic drinks for aesthetic appeal.
Carmine is used in the cosmetic industry for tinting various personal care products, including lotions and creams.
Carmine imparts a deep red color to certain traditional dishes and beverages, particularly in Latin American cuisines.
Carmine is utilized in the production of natural inks and stains for artistic and craft applications.
Carmine is employed in the coloring of jams, jellies, and fruit preserves to enhance their visual attractiveness.
Carmine finds use in the coloring of decorative items such as candles and wax products.
Carmine is incorporated into natural fabric dyes for creating red-colored textiles with a sustainable approach.
Carmine is used in pet food products to enhance the visual appeal of pet treats and kibble.
Carmine is an essential ingredient in the formulation of natural hair dyes for achieving various shades of red.
Carmine is applied in the cosmetic industry for creating red-hued nail polishes and other nail care products.
Carmine is used in the coloring of desserts, including gelatin-based treats and pastry decorations.
Carmine is employed in the production of red-colored markers and art supplies for creative purposes.
Carmine is utilized in the coloring of floral arrangements and botanical displays for decorative purposes.
Carmine finds applications in the formulation of natural colorants for artisanal and handmade soaps.
Carmine is incorporated into natural fabric dyes for creating red-colored garments and accessories.
Carmine is used in the coloring of gourmet foods, such as truffles and specialty chocolates.
Carmine is applied in the cosmetic industry for creating red-tinted skincare and beauty products.
Carmine is used in the coloring of certain alcoholic beverages, contributing to the visual appeal of cocktails and spirits.
Carmine is employed in the coloring of bakery items, including red velvet cakes, pastries, and cookies.
Carmine is utilized in the formulation of red-colored sauces and condiments, adding vibrancy to culinary creations.
Carmine is used in the production of natural red inks for printing and artistic purposes.
Carmine finds applications in the coloring of marzipan, fondant, and decorative elements in cake decorating.
Carmine is applied in the pharmaceutical industry for coloring oral syrups and liquid medications.
Carmine is used in the creation of red-colored cosmetics such as lip glosses, tinted moisturizers, and cream blushes.
Carmine is incorporated into natural colorants for organic and eco-friendly products, aligning with green manufacturing practices.
Carmine is employed in the formulation of red-colored eye drops and ophthalmic solutions.
Carmine finds use in the coloring of specialty teas, herbal infusions, and beverage concentrates.
Carmine is used in the production of red-colored herbal supplements and vitamins.
Carmine is applied in the coloring of red-colored gel capsules for encapsulating pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products.
Carmine is utilized in the creation of red-colored pet shampoos and grooming products.
Carmine is used in the coloring of red-themed event decorations, including candles and table centerpieces.
Carmine is employed in the cosmetic industry for creating red-hued face masks and skincare formulations.
Carmine finds applications in the formulation of red-colored wax for crayons and artistic materials.
Carmine is used in the coloring of red-flowered botanical extracts used in natural skincare products.
Carmine is applied in the coloring of red-themed candies and confectionery for festive occasions.
Carmine is incorporated into natural fabric dyes for producing red-colored textiles in sustainable fashion.
Carmine is used in the creation of red-colored craft supplies, including paints, markers, and colored pencils.
Carmine is employed in the coloring of red-themed promotional products, including pens and merchandise.
Carmine is applied in the formulation of red-colored plant-based alternatives such as vegan candies and desserts.
Carmine finds use in the creation of red-colored ice cream and frozen treats for visual appeal.
Carmine is used in the coloring of red-themed cosmetic packaging and product labels.
Carmine is employed in the creation of red-colored educational materials, including markers and learning tools.
Carmine finds applications in the formulation of red-themed beauty kits and gift sets for special occasions.
Carmine is used in the coloring of red-themed specialty chocolates and truffles.
Carmine finds applications in the formulation of red-colored nutritional supplements, enhancing their visual appeal.
Carmine is applied in the coloring of red-themed cocktail mixers and beverage syrups.
Carmine is used in the creation of red-colored gelatin desserts and flavored gelatin products.
Carmine is employed in the formulation of red-colored wax seals for invitations and official documents.
Carmine is incorporated into natural colorants for red-themed artisanal and handmade soaps.
Carmine is applied in the coloring of red-themed packaging materials for various products.
Carmine finds use in the creation of red-colored botanical inks for calligraphy and artistic purposes.
Carmine is used in the formulation of red-themed potpourri and scented decorative items.
Carmine is employed in the coloring of red-themed culinary oils, adding a visually appealing touch.
Carmine is used in the creation of red-colored lip balms, enhancing the aesthetic appeal of lip care products.
Carmine is applied in the coloring of red-themed bath salts and bath bombs for a vibrant bath experience.
Carmine finds applications in the formulation of red-colored sugar sprinkles and cake decorations.
Carmine is incorporated into natural colorants for red-themed candles and scented wax melts.
Carmine is used in the coloring of red-themed stationery items, including pens and markers.
Carmine is applied in the formulation of red-themed festive decorations, such as holiday ornaments.
Carmine is employed in the coloring of red-themed event favors, enhancing the overall theme of celebrations.
Carmine finds use in the creation of red-colored nail polishes and nail art products.
Carmine is used in the formulation of red-themed bath and body products, including shower gels and lotions.
Carmine is applied in the coloring of red-themed party supplies, such as balloons and banners.
Carmine is employed in the creation of red-colored herbal teas and tea blends.
Carmine is used in the coloring of red-themed theatrical makeup and costume accessories.
Carmine finds applications in the formulation of red-colored gourmet spices and spice blends.
Carmine is applied in the coloring of red-themed floral arrangements for special occasions.
Carmine is incorporated into natural colorants for red-themed eco-friendly packaging materials.
Carmine is used in the coloring of red-themed artisanal candles, providing a warm and inviting ambiance.
Carmine finds applications in the formulation of red-colored dessert toppings, such as fruit syrups and coulis.
Carmine is applied in the coloring of red-themed beauty accessories, including makeup brushes and cosmetic bags.
Carmine is employed in the creation of red-colored artisanal chocolates and chocolate-covered treats.
Carmine is used in the formulation of red-themed beverage powders, enhancing the visual appeal of drink mixes.
Carmine finds use in the coloring of red-themed souvenir items, adding a distinctive touch to memorabilia.
Carmine is applied in the creation of red-colored floral dyes for dyeing flowers and arrangements.
Carmine is employed in the formulation of red-themed playdough and modeling compounds for creative play.
Carmine is used in the coloring of red-themed pottery glazes, adding vibrancy to ceramic art.
Carmine is incorporated into natural colorants for red-themed artisanal perfumes and fragrances.
Carmine finds applications in the formulation of red-colored theatrical blood and special effects makeup.
Carmine is applied in the coloring of red-themed arts and crafts supplies, including paint and clay.
Carmine is used in the creation of red-colored plant-based beverages, such as hibiscus teas.
Carmine is employed in the coloring of red-themed DIY projects, including homemade candles and soaps.
Carmine finds use in the formulation of red-colored educational materials, including markers and crayons.
Carmine is applied in the creation of red-colored wedding favors, adding elegance to ceremonies.
Carmine is used in the coloring of red-themed bath bombs and bath salts for a visually appealing bath experience.
Carmine is incorporated into natural colorants for red-themed eco-friendly packaging materials.
Carmine finds applications in the formulation of red-colored toy accessories, enhancing playtime experiences.
Carmine is applied in the coloring of red-themed decorative fabrics and textiles for home decor.
Carmine is used in the creation of red-colored insect repellents and natural bug sprays.
Carmine is employed in the coloring of red-themed botanical extracts used in herbal remedies.
Carmine finds use in the formulation of red-colored gourmet popcorn seasonings for a flavorful snack.
Carmine is applied in the coloring of red-themed pet accessories, including pet beds and collars.
Carmine is used in the creation of red-colored natural dyes for tie-dye and fabric art projects.
Carmine is used in the following products:
Cosmetics
Personal care products
Perfumes
Fragrances.
Food and Makeup:
Carmine is widely used in food products and cosmetics as a ‘natural’ dye and can be found in just about anything.
Darker and more staining than Alizarin Crimson, and vastly superior in permanence, Carmine is also redder.
This staining pigment, rich and intense, will retain Carmine's luminosity in dark passages, but will dilute to produce subtle tones without reducing its permanence.
Darkest of the reds, Carmine will help you achieve clear neutrals when mixed with its complement, Phthalo Green.
Common Uses:
Carmine can be used for coloring meat products, seafood, confectionery, alcoholic beverages and soft drinks, cider, vinegar, yogurt, baked goods, jams, jellies, dairy products, snack food, convenient food, fruit preparation, seasonings, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.
Carmine insect Dactylopius Coccus Costa which grows on cacti in Central and South America.
Nowadays a large part of the Carmine comes from Peru where its grows in nature as well as on plantations due to the ideal climate of the country.
Out of Carmine with water extraction a solution of Carminic acid is obtained.
With further purification a stable water soluble Carminic acid is obtained.
When Carminic acid reacts with calcium and aluminum a Carmine lakes are obtained.
Carmine extract and natural anthraquinone red colors.
Depending on the extraction method, water or alcohol different shades of the carmine pigment can be obtained, ranging from bright “strawberry” magenta red in low PH to “blackcurrant” purple in high PH.
Carmine has excellent heat and light stability and is used as food coloring in; processed fish and meat, confectionary, dairy, bakery, snacks, juice drinks and healthcare & cosmetics.
Also take a look at our Carmine based color blends.
The carmine is obtained by precipitation of carminic acid with calcium and aluminum
This dye is used in a wide variety of products, from cheese to paints, and people are often unaware of Carmine's use, due to the fact that labeling laws do not usually require its disclosure.
Carmine has attracted a great deal of attention in some communities such as the vegetarian community due to its use as a food additive.
In many regions of the world, producers can simply use the euphemism “color added” to disclose the presence of carmine, but most consumers are not savvy enough to know what that phrase means.
The dye is also listed as crimson lake or natural red number four, and in the European Union, Carmine is identified as E120.
On occasion, Carmine will be explicitly listed as “carmine” on a label, or as “cochineal dye.”
Thousands of Carmine insects and then crush them.
Depending on the conditions in which the insects are crushed, the color of the dye can vary considerably, and this is an important consideration for companies that want to make consistent dyes.
The crushing causes the insects to release carminic acid, a substance which they generate to repel predators, and this can be treated to yield carmine.
Pure carmine is red and very crumbly.
The dye is often adulterated with other materials to make Carmine easier to handle and ship, and sometimes Carmine can be difficult to control its quality and safety as a result.
Once prepared, Carmine is sold to a wide variety of industries for use in things like textile dyes, paints, inks, foods, cosmetics, and artificial flowers.
As a food additive, carmine is a source of concern to some people.
For vegetarians and people who follow religions with dietary restrictions, the fact that this dye is often not labeled is very frustrating, as Carmine can make it hard to avoid.
Some people also have adverse reactions to carmine, which has led to a push among food safety activists to clearly label Carmine so that people who wish to avoid it may do so.
In cosmetics and personal care products, Carmine is used in the formulation of a wide variety of product types, including make up and nail polish.
Carmine imparts a red color to cosmetics and personal care products.
Carmine, crimson lake, natural red 5 or CI 75470 is a bright red pigment that is used in many cosmetics and even as a colourant in food.
Chemical Properties of Carmine:
Carmine is a red coloring material from the dried bodies of the female insect Coccus cacti and harvested from cultivated cacti.
The raw material is obtained primarily from the Canary Islands and parts of South America.
Boiling Carmine with mineral acid produces carmine red (ClH12O7).
Precipitating a mixture of Carmine and alum produces a bright red pigment.
Carmine is used as a color additive in food, drugs and cosmetics.
Carmine is also used as a microscopic stain and biological marker.
Preparation of Carmine:
The preparation of carmine always consists of two steps.
The dried insects are first boiled in water in order to extract the carminic or kermesic acid.
The second step is the precipitation of the pigment by adding alum to the clear filtered solution.
Aluminum ions contained in alum form a complex salt of the intense crimson-red colour.
Carmine, a red dyestuff extracted from the dried bodies of certain female scale insects native to tropical and subtropical America.
Carmine was used extensively for watercolors and fine coach-body colors before the advent of synthetic coloring materials.
Since then Carmine has been used only when a natural pigment is required: for pastries, confections, cosmetics, water-soluble drug preparations, and histologic stains.
To prepare carmine, the powdered insect bodies are boiled in ammonia or sodium carbonate solution, the insoluble matter is removed by filtering, and alum is added to the clear salt solution of carminic acid to precipitate the red aluminum salt.
The purity of color is ensured by the absence of iron.
Stannous chloride, citric acid, borax, or gelatin may be added to regulate the formation of the precipitate.
For purple shades, lime is added to the alum. Chemically, carminic acid is a complex anthraquinone derivative.
Carmine is a bright red dye commonly used to color food and cosmetics.
When purchasing any sort of red or pink makeup, vegans should check the ingredients for carmine.
Carmine is made by boiling and grinding up beetles, and is therefore not vegan.
Some people argue that insects are not sentient.
But all insects have brains and relatively complex nervous systems, so they therefore possess at least some ability to suffer.
Carmine beetles are native to desert environments and were historically gathered from prickly pear cactus.
Carmine Carminewas among the first pigments used to dye clothing, and archaeologists have recovered these garments from neolithic sites.
Fortunately, few textiles use carmine anymore, since modern dyes are cheaper and much more colorfast.
About 20 percent of a Carmine beetle’s body weight is carminic acid, the pigment that gives carmine its deep red hue.
Since Carmine beetles are just a half-centimeter long, a large number must be killed to create a small amount of dye.
Production of Carmine:
The pigment is produced from carminic acid, which is extracted from some scale insects such as the Carmine scale (Dactylopius coccus), and certain Porphyrophora species (Armenian Carmine and Polish Carmine).
Carmine is a colorant used in the manufacture of artificial flowers, paints, crimson ink, rouge and other cosmetics, and some medications.
To prepare carmine, the powdered scale insect bodies are boiled in an ammonia or sodium carbonate solution.
After separating the insoluble matter, the extract is treated with alum to precipitate the red solid.
This precipitate is called "carmine lake" or "crimson lake".
Purity of color is ensured by the absence of iron.
Stannous chloride, citric acid, borax, or gelatin may be added to modify the precipitation.
The traditional crimson color is affected not only by carminic acid but also by choice of its chelating metal salt ion.
For shades of purple, lime is added to the alum.
Etymology of Carmine:
The English word "carmine" is derived from the French word carmin (12th century), from Medieval Latin carminium, from Persian قرمز qirmiz ("crimson"), which itself derives from Middle Persian carmir ("red, crimson").
The Persian term carmir is likely cognate with Sanskrit krimiga ("insect-produced"), from krmi ("worm, insect").
The Persian word for "worm, insect" is kirm, and in Iran (Persia) the red colorant carmine was extracted from the bodies of dead female insects such as Kermes vermilio and Carmine.
The form of the term may also have been influenced in Latin by minium ("red lead, cinnabar"), said to be of Iberian origin.
The word "carmine" has been used as a color name as early as 1799.
Carmine is a popular food color, used in yogurt, candy and certain brands of juice, the most notable ones being those of the ruby-red variety.
Handling and Storage of Carmine:
Handling:
Use appropriate PPE such as gloves, safety glasses, and dust masks to avoid inhalation of dust and contact with skin or eyes.
Avoid creating dust and handle the powder in a well-ventilated area.
Ensure that containers are tightly closed to prevent contamination or moisture ingress.
Minimize direct contact with the pigment to reduce the risk of irritation or allergic reactions.
Storage:
Store in a cool, dry place away from sources of heat and direct sunlight.
Keep containers sealed and stored in a moisture-proof environment to prevent clumping or degradation.
Avoid storing near incompatible substances, such as strong acids or oxidizing agents.
Stability and Reactivity of Carmine:
Stability:
Carmine is generally stable under normal conditions of use and storage.
Carmine is resistant to light and moderate heat, making it suitable for various applications.
Reactivity:
Carmine may react with strong acids or bases, which can alter its color and stability.
Carmine is not considered highly reactive but should be handled away from strong oxidizing agents to avoid unwanted reactions.
Conditions to Avoid:
Avoid exposure to strong acids or bases.
Protect from excessive heat and direct sunlight.
Hazardous Decomposition Products:
In the event of decomposition (e.g., due to extreme heat), carmine may produce smoke or fumes, though specific hazardous decomposition products are not well-documented.
First Aid Measures of Carmine:
Inhalation:
Move the person to fresh air immediately.
If symptoms such as coughing or difficulty breathing persist, seek medical attention.
Skin Contact:
Wash the affected area with soap and water thoroughly.
Remove contaminated clothing and seek medical advice if irritation or an allergic reaction occurs.
Eye Contact:
Rinse eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, ensuring that the eyelids are held open.
Seek medical attention if irritation persists.
Ingestion:
Rinse the mouth with water and do not induce vomiting.
Seek medical attention if a large quantity has been ingested or if symptoms occur.
Firefighting Measures of Carmine:
Suitable Extinguishing Media:
Use water spray, dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide (CO₂) to extinguish fires.
Select the extinguishing media based on the surrounding materials involved in the fire.
Firefighting Instructions:
Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and protective clothing.
Cool fire-exposed containers with water to prevent rupturing.
Avoid inhaling smoke or fumes from burning carmine.
Specific Hazards:
Carmine itself is not flammable, but fire may produce smoke or fumes.
Ensure proper ventilation during and after firefighting efforts.
Accidental Release Measures of Carmine:
Personal Precautions:
Wear appropriate PPE, including gloves, safety glasses, and dust masks, to avoid exposure.
Ensure adequate ventilation in the affected area.
Environmental Precautions:
Prevent the material from entering watercourses, drains, or soil to avoid environmental contamination.
Contain the spill with non-combustible materials such as sand or earth.
Cleanup Procedures:
Use a vacuum or wet sweeping to collect the spilled material, avoiding dry sweeping which may create airborne dust.
Dispose of the collected material in accordance with local regulations.
Clean the affected area with water and a suitable detergent to remove any residues.
Exposure Controls/Personal Protective of Carmine:
Exposure Limits:
Specific exposure limits for carmine are not commonly established, but general dust control measures should be applied.
Engineering Controls:
Use local exhaust ventilation or dust extraction systems to minimize airborne concentrations.
Ensure good ventilation in areas where carmine powder is handled or used.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Respiratory Protection:
Use an appropriate dust mask or respirator if dust is generated.
Skin Protection:
Wear gloves and protective clothing to prevent skin contact.
Eye Protection:
Use safety goggles or glasses to protect against splashes and dust.
Hygiene Measures:
Wash hands, face, and any exposed skin thoroughly after handling carmine.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke in areas where carmine is handled.
Identifiers of Carmine:
IUPAC Name: 3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-1-methyl-9,10-dioxo-7-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]anthracene-2-carboxylic acid
CAS Number: 1260-17-9
EC Number: 215-724-4
Molecular Formula: C22H20O13
IUPAC Name: Aluminium or calcium salts of carminic acid
CAS Number: 1390-65-4
EC Number: 215-724-4
INS Number: 120
Molecular Formula: C₂₂H₂₀O₁₃ (for carminic acid)
Chemical Classification: Natural organic dye, anthraquinone derivative
Color Index (CI) Number: CI 75470
Appearance: Bright red to deep purple powder or solution
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water; soluble in alkaline solutions
Properties of Carmine:
Appearance: Bright red to deep purple powder or liquid solution
Odor: Odorless
Taste: Slightly bitter
Density: Approximately 1.6 g/cm³
Melting Point: Decomposes before melting
Boiling Point: Not applicable (decomposes)
pH Sensitivity: Stable in mildly acidic or neutral conditions, but may degrade or change color in highly alkaline environments
Color Index: CI 75470 (Natural Red 4)
UV-Vis Absorption: Maximum absorption at 494 nm (in water)
Color: Deep red to crimson.
Chemical Composition: Carmine is primarily composed of carminic acid, the compound responsible for its red color.
Solubility: soluble in water
Stability: relatively stable under acidic conditions
Heat Stability: heat-stable
Light Stability: good light stability
pH Sensitivity: The color of carmine can be influenced by pH levels, with different shades of red observed under varying acidity.
Natural Origin: Carmine insect
XLogP3-AA: 0.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 9
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 13
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 492.09039069 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 492.09039069 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 243Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 35
Complexity: 864
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 5
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Specifications of Carmine:
Color Index (CI): 75470 (Natural Red 4)
Chemical Formula: C₂₂H₂₀O₁₃ (for carminic acid)
Molecular Weight: 492.39 g/mol (carminic acid)
Carmine Content: Typically 50–55% carminic acid
Moisture Content: <10% (for powder form)
Ash Content: <1%
Heavy Metals:
Lead (Pb): <2 ppm
Arsenic (As): <3 ppm
Mercury (Hg): <1 ppm
Cadmium (Cd): <1 ppm
Solvent Residue (if applicable): Must meet limits based on local regulations
Total Plate Count (Microbial): <1,000 cfu/g
Yeast and Mold: <100 cfu/g
Pathogens (Salmonella, E. coli, etc.): Absent
