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3-MERCAPTOPROPIONIC ACID

3-Mercaptopropionic acid is a versatile organosulfur compound with a carboxylic acid group and a thiol group, making it useful in both biological research and industrial applications.
In scientific research, 3-Mercaptopropionic acid serves as a crucial reagent in organic synthesis, enzyme inhibition studies, and as a capping agent for nanoparticles in various applications, including biosensors and biomedical labeling.
3-Mercaptopropionic acid is utilized in industrial settings for its antioxidant properties to stabilize polymers and plastics, while also acting as a chelating agent for metal ions and an intermediate in the production of fine chemicals.

CAS Number: 107-96-0
EC Number: 203-537-0
Chemical Formula: C3H6O2S
Molar Mass: 106.14 g·mol−1

Synonyms: 3-MERCAPTOPROPIONIC ACID, 3-Mercaptopropanoic acid, 107-96-0, 3-Sulfanylpropanoic acid, 3-Thiopropionic acid, beta-Mercaptopropionic acid, 3-Thiopropanoic acid, Mercaptopropionic acid, Propanoic acid, 3-mercapto-, 3MPA, beta-Thiopropionic acid, Propionic acid, 3-mercapto-, 2-Mercaptoethanecarboxylic acid, Hydracrylic acid, 3-thio-, beta-Mercaptopropanoic acid, Thiohydracrylic acid, UNII-B03TJ3QU9M, NSC 437, 3-Thiolpropanoic acid, 3-thiohydracrylic acid, 3-Mercaptopropionicacid, 3-mercapto-propionic acid, MFCD00004897, .beta.-Thiopropionic acid, B03TJ3QU9M, .beta.-Mercaptopropionic acid, CHEMBL358697, CHEBI:44111, Propionic acid, 3-mercpato-, HSDB 5381, 3 Mercaptopropionic Acid, EINECS 203-537-0, BRN 0773807, AI3-26090, BMPA, ss--Thiopropionic acid, 3-mercaptopropanic acid, Sugammadex Impurity 60, betamercaptopropionic acid, 3-mercapto-propanoic acid, DSSTox_CID_6775, ss--Mercaptopropanoic acid, ss--Mercaptopropionic acid, EC 203-537-0, 3-Sulfanylpropanoic acid #, SCHEMBL7289, DSSTox_RID_78211, DSSTox_GSID_26775, .beta.-Mercaptopropanoic acid, 4-03-00-00726 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), 3-Mercaptopropanoic acid, 9CI, NSC437, 3-Mercaptopropionic acid, 98%, DTXSID8026775, NSC-437, 3-Mercaptopropionic acid, >=99%, AMY27767, BCP16636, STR01222, ZINC3860582, Tox21_200194, 7053AF, BDBM50121953, STL281859, Thiopropionic acid; 3-Thiopropanoic acid; beta-Mercaptopropionic acid, AKOS000121541, AC-4722, AT21041, MCULE-3211932163, SB66313, NCGC00248556-01, NCGC00257748-01, BP-21405, CAS-107-96-0, FT-0615955, FT-0658630, M0061, 3-Mercaptopropionic acid, >=99.0% (HPLC), Propanoic acid, 3-mercapto-, coco alkyl esters, 3-Dimethylamino-2-methylpropylchloridehydrochloride, A801785, J-512742, Q11751618, F2191-0215, 68307-97-1, hydracrylic acid, 3-thio-, 2-mercaptoethanecarboxylic acid, 3-mercaptopropanoic acid, beta-mercaptopropionic acid, 3-mercaptopropionicacid, propanoic acid, 3-mercapto-, propanoicacid, 3-mercapto-, propionic acid, 3-mercapto-, 3-sulfanylpropanoic acid, 3-thiohydracrylic acid, 3-thiolpropanoic acid, 3-thiopropanoic acid, 3-Thiopropionic acid, 3-Mercaptopropionic acid, 107-96-0 [RN], 203-537-0 [EINECS], 2-mercaptoethanecarboxylic acid, 3-mercaptopropanoic acid, 3-Sulfanylpropanoic acid [ACD/IUPAC Name], 3-Sulfanylpropansäure [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name], 3-Thiopropionic acid, 4-03-00-00726 [Beilstein], 773807 [Beilstein], Acide 3-sulfanylpropanoïque [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name], B03TJ3QU9M, Hydracrylic acid, 3-thio-, mercaptopropionic acid, MFCD00004897 [MDL number], Propanoic acid, 3-mercapto- [ACD/Index Name], SH2VQ [WLN], UF5270000, UNII-B03TJ3QU9M, β-Mercaptopropanoic acid, β-mercaptopropionic acid, β-Mercaptopropionic acid, β-thiopropionic acid, β-Thiopropionic acid, ??-mercaptopropionic acid, 203-537-0MFCD00004897, 3-Mercapto Propionic Acid, 3-Mercaptopropanic Acid, 3-mercaptopropanoate, 3-mercapto-propanoic acid, 3-Mercaptopropanoic acid, 9CI, 3-Mercaptopropionic acid-, 3-Mercapto-propionic acid, 3-Mercaptopropionic Acid (en), 3MPA, 3-MPA, 3-thiohydracrylic acid, 3-thiolpropanoic acid, 3-Thiopropanoic acid, Benzoic acid, 4-(aminomethyl)- (9CI), propionic acid, 3-mercapto-, propionic acid, mercapto-, ß-mercaptopropionic acid, STR01222, T5SJ B1 C1 DVQ E- AT5NJ [WLN], Thiohydracrylic acid, UNII:B03TJ3QU9M, β-Mercaptopropanoic acid, β-Mercaptopropionate, β-mercaptopropionic acid

3-Mercaptopropionic acid contains both carboxylic acid and thiol groups.
3-Mercaptopropionic acid is a colorless oil and derived from the addition of hydrogen sulfide to acrylic acid.
3-Mercaptopropionic acid that is propanoic acid carrying a sulfanyl group at position 3.

3-Mercaptopropionic acid is an organic compound.
3-Mercaptopropionic acid exists as a colourless liquid that demonstrates solubility in both water and organic solvents.

As a sulfur-containing carboxylic acid and a derivative of propionic acid, 3-Mercaptopropionic acid serves as a crucial precursor for the synthesis of various organic compounds, making 3-Mercaptopropionic acid invaluable across scientific and industrial applications.
In scientific research, 3-Mercaptopropionic acid finds widespread usage as a reagent in organic synthesis and in the production of proteins and other biomolecules.
3-Mercaptopropionic acid also functions as a chelating agent, adept at binding metal ions within aqueous solutions, and plays a vital role as a stabilizing agent in polymer production.

3-Mercaptopropionic acid is an organosulfur compound with the formula HSCH2CH2CO2H. 
3-Mercaptopropionic acid is a bifunctional molecule, containing both carboxylic acid and thiol groups. 

3-Mercaptopropionic acid is a colorless oil. 
3-Mercaptopropionic acid is derived from the addition of hydrogen sulfide to acrylic acid.

3-Mercaptopropionic acid is used as a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) with a thiol and carboxylic groups. 
3-Mercaptopropionic acid has short carbon chains and is mainly used as a capping agent on a variety of nanoparticles.

3-Mercaptopropionic acid was introduced as a cheap new O-demethylating agent as exemplified by its application in the synthesis of antidepressant O-desmethylvenlafaxine from venlafaxine. 
The application of 3-Mercaptopropionic acid allowed high conversion of venlafaxine to O-desmethylvenlafaxine and a facile workup, which enabled the isolation of the desired O-desmethylvenlafaxine with a high >99.8% chromatographic purity and 76% yield by a simple extractive workup followed by the precipitation.

3-Mercaptopropionic acid is an organic compound with the molecular formula C₃H₆O₂S.
3-Mercaptopropionic acid features a three-carbon chain with a carboxylic acid group (-COOH) at one end and a thiol group (-SH) attached to the third carbon, giving 3-Mercaptopropionic acid both acidic and thiol properties.

This dual functionality makes 3-Mercaptopropionic acid a versatile compound in both biological and industrial applications.
In biological systems, 3-Mercaptopropionic acid is known for its ability to inhibit enzymes that rely on sulfhydryl groups, making it an important research tool in studying various biochemical pathways.

3-Mercaptopropionic acid's thiol group makes it a potential reducing agent, while the carboxyl group enables it to form esters and amides, making it useful in synthetic organic chemistry.
3-Mercaptopropionic acid is often utilized in the production of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and various other fine chemicals.

3-Mercaptopropionic acid is also employed as an intermediate in the synthesis of polymers, resins, and coatings.
In industrial settings, 3-Mercaptopropionic acid is valued for its antioxidant properties, particularly in the stabilization of polymers and plastics.

However, 3-Mercaptopropionic acid's handling requires caution, as exposure can lead to irritation of the skin, eyes, and respiratory system.
Despite these hazards, its multifunctional nature makes 3-Mercaptopropionic acid a valuable compound in numerous fields, ranging from material science to biochemistry.

Applications of 3-Mercaptopropionic acid:
3-Mercaptopropionic acid is used to produce hydrophilic SAMs, which are terminated with carboxylic acids and can be further functionalized to introduce more complex end groups such as enzymes for biosensor applications. 
SAMs of 3-Mercaptopropionic acid are capped on ZnSe quantum dots for the electrochemical detection of dopamine. 

3-Mercaptopropionic acid is used as a capping agent on CdTe quantum dot nanocrystals (QD NCs) for use as labeling materials in biomedical applications. 
3-Mercaptopropionic acid can also be used to modify the surface of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3) in the extraction and preconcentration of Al3+ and Cr3+ ions from different biological samples.

3-Mercaptopropionic acid has a wide range of applications across various industries due to its unique chemical properties, particularly its thiol (-SH) and carboxyl (-COOH) groups.

Here are some key applications:

Pharmaceuticals and Biochemistry:

Enzyme Inhibition:
3-Mercaptopropionic acid is used as a tool in biochemical research to inhibit enzymes that rely on sulfhydryl groups (thiol-containing enzymes), allowing the study of enzyme mechanisms and metabolic pathways.

Drug Development:
3-Mercaptopropionic acid's thiol group makes it useful in synthesizing compounds with potential therapeutic applications, such as antioxidants and enzyme modulators.

Polymer and Plastic Stabilization:

Antioxidant:
3-Mercaptopropionic acid acts as an antioxidant, helping to stabilize polymers and plastics by preventing oxidative degradation, thus improving the longevity and durability of these materials.

Polymer Additive:
3-Mercaptopropionic acid is used as an additive in the production of coatings, resins, and plasticizers, where it improves flexibility, thermal stability, and overall performance.

Agrochemicals:
3-Mercaptopropionic acid is employed in the synthesis of agrochemicals, including pesticides and herbicides, due to its ability to modify chemical structures, enhancing efficacy and stability in various environmental conditions.

Intermediate in Organic Synthesis: 
3-Mercaptopropionic acid is used as a building block for the synthesis of more complex organic molecules.
3-Mercaptopropionic acid participates in esterification, amidation, and reduction reactions, making it a versatile intermediate in chemical manufacturing.

Corrosion Inhibitors:
3-Mercaptopropionic acid's thiol group allows it to bind to metal surfaces, forming a protective layer that inhibits corrosion, particularly in industrial processes involving metal parts and machinery.

Cosmetics:
In cosmetics, derivatives of 3-Mercaptopropionic acid are used in hair treatment formulations, particularly in perming and straightening products, where the thiol group helps to break and reform disulfide bonds in hair.

Resin and Coating Production:
3-Mercaptopropionic acid is used in the development of synthetic resins and coatings, providing increased resistance to environmental degradation and improving the mechanical properties of materials.

Uses of 3-Mercaptopropionic acid:
3-Mercaptopropionic acid is widely used in food and beverage industries as a flavoring agent. 
3-Mercaptopropionic acid is used in the production of PVC stabilizers, which are used as chain transfer agents in polymerizations. 

3-Mercaptopropionic acid can be used as primary or secondary, color stabilizer in combination with phenolic antioxidant for polymers.
3-Mercaptopropionic acid and its derivatives are main materials for the synthesis of PVC-stabilizers and are used as chain transfer and cross-linking agents in polymerizations. 

These compounds are also useful as ion exchange catalysts, coupling agents, and in UV-curable formulations. 
3-Mercaptopropionic acid is a clear, near water-white liquid with strong odor used as a basic material in the production of PVC stabilizers.

3-Mercaptopropionic acid's unique reducing properties make it an ideal candidate for a wide variety of chemical reactions including addition, elimination, or cyclization reactions. 
3-Mercaptopropionic acid's thiol-group (-SH) will react in the presence of bases, acids, ketone groups or organic halogens. 
In the presence of alcohols or amines, the carboxylic group will react preferentially.

3-Mercaptopropionic acid is a compound suitable for amino acid analysis by means of OPA.

3-Mercaptopropionic acid is widely used in food and beverage industries as a flavoring agent. 
3-Mercaptopropionic acid is used in the production of PVC stabilizers, which are used as chain transfer agents in polymerizations. 

3-Mercaptopropionic acid can be used as primary or secondary, color stabilizer in combination with phenolic antioxidant for polymers. 
3-Mercaptopropionic acid acts as a sulfide ion equivalent and is utilized in the preparation of diaryl sulfide from aryl iodide.

3-Mercaptopropionic acid is a versatile compound with a wide range of uses in various industries.
In pharmaceuticals, 3-Mercaptopropionic acid is employed as a biochemical tool to inhibit thiol-dependent enzymes, aiding in the study of metabolic pathways and enzyme functions.

3-Mercaptopropionic acid's antioxidant properties make it valuable in the polymer and plastic industries, where it stabilizes materials by preventing oxidative degradation, thereby extending the lifespan of products such as resins, coatings, and plastics.
Additionally, 3-Mercaptopropionic acid is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of fine chemicals, agrochemicals, and pharmaceuticals, due to its ability to participate in reactions involving both thiol and carboxyl groups.

In industrial settings, 3-Mercaptopropionic acid acts as a corrosion inhibitor by binding to metal surfaces, protecting machinery and components from rust.
3-Mercaptopropionic acid also finds applications in cosmetics, particularly in hair treatment products, where it helps to break and reform disulfide bonds, making it useful in processes like perming and hair straightening.
These diverse uses highlight 3-Mercaptopropionic acid's importance across multiple sectors, from material science to biochemistry.

Reactions and uses:
3-Mercaptopropionic acid is competitive inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase, and therefore acts as a convulsant. 
3-Mercaptopropionic acid has higher potency and faster onset of action compared to allylglycine.
3-Mercaptopropionic acid is used to prepare hydrophilic gold nanoparticles, exploiting the affinity of gold for sulfur ligands.

Benefits of 3-Mercaptopropionic acid:

Versatility in Applications:
3-Mercaptopropionic acid is used in various industries including pharmaceuticals, polymers, agrochemicals, and cosmetics due to its multifunctional chemical structure.

Antioxidant Properties:
Acts as an antioxidant, protecting polymers, plastics, and resins from oxidative degradation, which extends their lifespan and improves their performance.

Enzyme Inhibition:
Useful in biochemical research as 3-Mercaptopropionic acid inhibits thiol-dependent enzymes, aiding in the study of metabolic processes and enzyme mechanisms.

Corrosion Inhibition:
Binds to metal surfaces, providing an effective barrier against corrosion, particularly in industrial applications.

Organic Synthesis Building Block:
A versatile intermediate in the synthesis of more complex molecules, aiding in the production of fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals.

Improved Flexibility in Polymers:
When used as a polymer additive, 3-Mercaptopropionic acid enhances the flexibility and durability of materials like resins and plastics.

Environmental Stability:
Improves the stability of agrochemical products like pesticides and herbicides, increasing their effectiveness in a variety of environmental conditions.

Cosmetic Applications:
Provides benefits in hair treatment products by helping to reform disulfide bonds in hair, aiding in straightening and perming.

Key Features of 3-Mercaptopropionic acid:

Dual Functional Groups:
Contains both a thiol (-SH) group and a carboxyl (-COOH) group, giving 3-Mercaptopropionic acid reactive capabilities in both acid- and thiol-mediated reactions.

Antioxidant Capabilities:
Exhibits strong antioxidant properties, particularly in polymer and plastic applications, where 3-Mercaptopropionic acid prevents degradation due to oxidation.

Redox Reactivity:
3-Mercaptopropionic acid's thiol group makes it an effective reducing agent, which can participate in various redox reactions in chemical synthesis and biochemical processes.

Metal Binding Capacity:
The thiol group allows 3-Mercaptopropionic acid to bind effectively to metals, providing protection against corrosion and oxidation.

Water Solubility:
3-Mercaptopropionic acid is soluble in water, making it easy to handle in aqueous reactions and solutions, important in both industrial and biological settings.

Intermediate in Chemical Synthesis:
Plays a key role as an intermediate in organic synthesis, particularly in the production of polymers, resins, and pharmaceutical products.

Thermal Stability:
Offers good thermal stability when used in industrial processes, ensuring reliable performance under high-temperature conditions.

Mild Irritant:
While 3-Mercaptopropionic acid requires careful handling due to potential skin and eye irritation, it is generally considered manageable in industrial and research environments when proper precautions are taken.

Production of 3-Mercaptopropionic acid:
The production of 3-Mercaptopropionic acid typically involves several chemical processes.
One common method is through the reaction of acrylonitrile with hydrogen sulfide (H₂S).

This reaction forms a thiolated intermediate, which is then hydrolyzed to yield 3-Mercaptopropionic acid.
Another method involves the thiolation of propionic acid or 3-Mercaptopropionic acid's derivatives.

In this process, propionic acid is reacted with a thiolating agent, such as thiourea or hydrogen sulfide, under controlled conditions to introduce the thiol group (-SH) at the third carbon, converting 3-Mercaptopropionic acid into 3-Mercaptopropionic acid.

These processes require careful control of temperature, pressure, and reaction times to ensure high yields and minimize unwanted byproducts.
Purification steps such as distillation or recrystallization are then used to obtain the final product in a pure form.

3-Mercaptopropionic acid is produced on an industrial scale for use in applications ranging from the stabilization of polymers and resins to pharmaceutical and agrochemical manufacturing.
The production process is typically optimized for cost-efficiency and scalability, ensuring a steady supply for various industries.

Reactions of 3-Mercaptopropionic acid:
3-Mercaptopropionic acid participates in several important chemical reactions due to the presence of both its thiol (-SH) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups.

Here are some key reactions:

Oxidation of Thiol Group:
The thiol group in 3-Mercaptopropionic acid can undergo oxidation to form disulfides.

For example:
2R−SH→R−S−S−R+2H+

This reaction is important in crosslinking processes, especially in biological systems and polymer chemistry, where disulfide bonds stabilize structures.

Esterification of Carboxyl Group:

The carboxyl group (-COOH) can react with alcohols in the presence of an acid catalyst to form esters:
R−COOH+R′−OH→R−COOR′+H2O

This reaction is utilized in the production of esters, which are valuable as solvents, plasticizers, and in chemical synthesis.

Amidation:

The carboxyl group of 3-Mercaptopropionic acid can react with amines to form amides:
R−COOH+NH 2R′→R−CONHR′+H2O

This is useful in pharmaceutical synthesis for creating bioactive compounds.

Michael Addition:

3-Mercaptopropionic acid can undergo Michael addition with electron-deficient alkenes, where the thiol group acts as a nucleophile:
R−SH+CH2=CHCOOR′→R−S−CH2−CH2−COOR′
 
This reaction is significant in organic synthesis, allowing the addition of sulfur-containing groups to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds.

Decarboxylation:

The carboxyl group can be removed through decarboxylation, particularly under high temperatures, resulting in the formation of thiols:
R−CH 2−CH 2−COOH→R−CH 2−SH+CO2
This reaction is relevant in processes where the thiol is required without the carboxyl group.

Reaction with Metal Ions:
The thiol group in 3-Mercaptopropionic acid has a high affinity for metal ions, forming complexes with metals such as copper, zinc, and mercury.

This reaction is critical in corrosion inhibition, where the acid forms a protective film on metal surfaces:
2R−SH+Cu2+→(R−S)2−Cu+2H+
 
Polymerization:
3-Mercaptopropionic acid can act as a chain-transfer agent in radical polymerizations, modifying polymer structure and properties by incorporating sulfur atoms into the polymer backbone.

History of 3-Mercaptopropionic acid:
The history of 3-Mercaptopropionic acid's discovery and development is rooted in the broader study of thiols and carboxylic acids, two important classes of organic compounds.
Thiols were first identified in the 19th century, with scientists exploring their sulfur-containing structures and reactivity, which led to the discovery of numerous thiol derivatives.

3-Mercaptopropionic acid, also known as β-mercaptopropionic acid, likely emerged from this period of research, as organic chemists were investigating ways to modify propionic acid by introducing functional groups like thiols (-SH).

By the 20th century, 3-Mercaptopropionic acid became of particular interest due to its potential applications in organic synthesis and industrial processes.
3-Mercaptopropionic acid's ability to form esters and amides, along with the unique properties of the thiol group, made it valuable for producing fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and polymers.
In the latter half of the 20th century, researchers identified 3-Mercaptopropionic acid's utility in enzyme inhibition and biochemical pathways, sparking its use in both academic research and industrial settings.

Natural Occurrence of 3-Mercaptopropionic acid:
While 3-Mercaptopropionic acid is primarily synthesized for industrial and laboratory use, it can also occur naturally in trace amounts.
In biological systems, thiol-containing compounds like cysteine, glutathione, and other sulfur-based molecules play crucial roles in cellular metabolism, and 3-Mercaptopropionic acid is part of this broad group of thiol compounds.

In microorganisms like bacteria, 3-Mercaptopropionic acid and its derivatives can be produced through metabolic pathways that involve sulfur compounds.
Additionally, thiol-containing acids similar to 3-Mercaptopropionic acid are involved in biochemical detoxification processes, where they help neutralize reactive oxygen species and protect cells from oxidative stress.
Although 3-Mercaptopropionic acid itself is not a major metabolite, it shares functional similarities with naturally occurring thiol compounds in the biosphere.

Overall, 3-Mercaptopropionic acid has a history grounded in the study of thiols and has been synthesized for industrial applications, though small amounts can naturally form in biological systems.

Handling and Storage of 3-Mercaptopropionic acid:

Handling:

Personal Protection:
Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, safety goggles, and lab coats to avoid skin and eye contact.

Ventilation:
Handle 3-Mercaptopropionic acid in a well-ventilated area, preferably under a fume hood, to minimize inhalation exposure.

Avoidance of Contamination:
Avoid direct contact with the acid and ensure that any spills are cleaned up immediately.
Use appropriate containment tools.

Storage:

Containers:
Store in tightly sealed containers to prevent leakage and contamination.

Environment:
Keep in a cool, dry place away from incompatible substances.
Store away from direct sunlight and sources of heat.

Separation:
Store separately from strong oxidizers and acids to prevent any potential reactions.

Stability and Reactivity of 3-Mercaptopropionic acid:

Stability:

Conditions:
3-Mercaptopropionic acid is generally stable under normal storage conditions.

Decomposition:
3-Mercaptopropionic acid may decompose upon exposure to extreme conditions such as high temperatures or strong oxidizing agents.

Reactivity:

Reactions:
3-Mercaptopropionic acid reacts with strong oxidizers and acids, which may lead to hazardous conditions.
The thiol group can also react with heavy metals and metal salts, potentially forming complexes or causing corrosion.

Incompatibilities:
Avoid contact with strong acids, bases, and oxidizers.

First Aid Measures of 3-Mercaptopropionic acid:

Inhalation:
Move the affected individual to fresh air immediately.
If breathing is difficult, provide oxygen and seek medical attention.

Skin Contact:
Wash the affected area with plenty of water and soap.
Remove contaminated clothing.
Seek medical advice if irritation persists.

Eye Contact:
Rinse eyes with copious amounts of water for at least 15 minutes.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do.
Get medical attention immediately.

Ingestion:
Do not induce vomiting.
Rinse mouth with water and seek immediate medical attention.

Firefighting Measures of 3-Mercaptopropionic acid:

Suitable Extinguishing Media:
Use water spray, foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide (CO₂) to extinguish fires.

Special Hazards:
Decomposition of 3-Mercaptopropionic acid during a fire may produce hazardous fumes and gases, including sulfur oxides.

Protective Equipment:
Firefighters should wear full protective gear and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) to avoid inhalation of smoke and fumes.

Accidental Release Measures of 3-Mercaptopropionic acid:

Personal Precautions:
Evacuate the area and ensure proper PPE is worn by responders.
Avoid inhaling vapors and avoid direct contact with 3-Mercaptopropionic acid.

Containment:
Contain the spill using appropriate barriers and absorbents.
Prevent the spill from entering drains or waterways.

Cleanup:
Collect the spilled material using inert absorbents such as sand or vermiculite.
Dispose of contaminated materials in accordance with local regulations.

Exposure Controls/Personal Protective Equipment of 3-Mercaptopropionic acid:

Engineering Controls:
Use local exhaust ventilation or fume hoods to minimize exposure to vapors and dust.

Personal Protective Equipment:

Respiratory Protection:
Use appropriate respirators if ventilation is insufficient or if vapors are present.

Hand Protection:
Wear chemical-resistant gloves to prevent skin contact.

Eye Protection:
Use safety goggles or face shields to protect against splashes.

Skin Protection:
Wear protective clothing, such as lab coats or aprons, to avoid skin contact.

Hygiene Measures:
Wash hands thoroughly after handling 3-Mercaptopropionic acid and before eating or drinking.
Avoid eating, drinking, or smoking in areas where the chemical is used or stored.

Identifiers of 3-Mercaptopropionic acid:
CAS Number: 107-96-0
Beilstein Reference: 773807
CHEBI:44111
ChEMBL: ChEMBL358697
ChemSpider: 6267
ECHA InfoCard: 100.003.216
EC Number: 203-537-0
Gmelin Reference: 101294
PubChem CID: 6514
UNII: B03TJ3QU9M
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID8026775

CAS Number: 107-96-0
EC Number: 203-537-0
Chemical formula: C3H6O2S
Molar mass: 106.14 g·mol−1

Synonym(s): 3-sulfanylpropanoic acid
Linear Formula: HSCH2CH2CO2H
CAS Number: 107-96-0
Molecular Weight: 106.14
Beilstein: 773807
EC Number: 203-537-0
MDL number: MFCD00004897
PubChem Substance ID: 24897049
NACRES: NA.23

CAS number: 107-96-0
EC number: 203-537-0
Hill Formula: C₃H₆O₂S
Chemical formula: HSCH₂CH₂COOH
Molar Mass: 106.14 g/mol
HS Code: 2930 90 98

Properties of 3-Mercaptopropionic acid:
Molecular Weight: 106.15 
XLogP3: 0.4     
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2     
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3     
Rotatable Bond Count: 2     
Exact Mass: 106.00885060     
Monoisotopic Mass: 106.00885060     
Topological Polar Surface Area: 38.3 Ų 
Heavy Atom Count: 6     
Complexity: 52.8     
Isotope Atom Count: 0     
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0     
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0     
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0     
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0     
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1     
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes     

Melting point: 15-18 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 110-111 °C/15 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 1.218 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor pressure: 0.04 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.492(lit.)
FEMA: 4587 | 3-MERCAPTOPROPIONIC ACID
Fp: 201 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
Pka: pK1:;pK2:10.84(SH) (25°C)
Form: Crystalline Powder, Crystals, and/or Chunks
Color: White
Specific Gravity: 1.218
PH: 2 (120g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Odor: sulfurous roasted
Odor Type: sulfurous
Explosive limit: 1.60%(V)
Water Solubility: soluble
Sensitive: Air Sensitive & Hygroscopic
JECFA Number: 1936
BRN: 773807
Stability: Air Sensitive, Hygroscopic
InChIKey: DKIDEFUBRARXTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -2.3 at 22℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 107-96-0(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: 3-Mercaptopropionic acid (107-96-0)
EPA Substance Registry System: 3-Mercaptopropionic acid (107-96-0)

Chemical formula: C3H6O2S
Molar mass: 106.14 g·mol−1
Density: 1.218
Melting point: 16.9 °C (62.4 °F; 290.0 K)
Boiling point: 111 °C (232 °F; 384 K)
Solubility in water: soluble
Acidity (pKa): 4.34
Refractive index (nD): 1.4911 at 21 °C

Boiling point: 110 °C (20 hPa)
Density: 1.22 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 1.60 %(V)
Flash point: 93.4 °C
Ignition temperature: 350 °C
Melting Point: 17 - 19 °C
pH value: 2 (120 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: 0.022 hPa (20 °C)

Specifications of 3-Mercaptopropionic acid:
Appearance (Clarity): Clear
Appearance (Form): Liquid
Assay (T): min. 98%
Density (g/ml) @ 20°C: 1.220 - 1.222
Refractive Index (20°C): 1.491 - 1.492

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