Disopyramide phosphate is utilized to manage serious irregular heartbeats, such as sustained ventricular tachycardia, by slowing impulse conduction and prolonging the action potential in cardiac tissues.

Disopyramide phosphate is available in both capsule and extended-release forms, with dosing instructions that must be followed precisely to effectively control heart rhythm without discontinuing abruptly.

Disopyramide phosphate has both anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties, which can cause side effects such as blurred vision and low blood pressure; therefore, Disopyramide phosphate should be used with caution, especially in elderly patients or those with kidney or liver issues.

CAS Number: 3737-09-5

EC Number: 219-055-8

Molecular Formula: C21H29N3O

Molecular Mass: 339.483 g·mol−1

Synonyms: Disopyramide PHOSPHATE, 22059-60-5, Norpace, Disopyramide PHOSPHATE SALT, Rythmodan, Norpace Cr, SC 7031 phosphate, Dirythmin sa, Diso-duriles, DisopyramidePhosphate, EINECS 244-756-1, SC 7031 (phosphate), NSC-756744, SC-13957, SC-7031 PHOSPHATE, CHEBI:4658, N6BOM1935W, 22059-60-5 (phosphate), SC 13957, Norpace (TN), 2-(1-(Ammoniocarbonyl)-3-(diisopropylammonio)-1-phenylpropyl)pyridinium phosphate, Disopyramid phosphate, 4-(diisopropylamino)-2-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)butanamide phosphate, 4-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]-2-phenyl-2-pyridin-2-ylbutanamide;phosphoric acid, alpha-(2-Diisopropylaminoethyl)-alpha-phenyl-2-pyridineacetamide phosphate, (+-)-alpha-(2-(Diisopropylamino)ethyl)-alpha-phenyl-2-pyridineacetamide phosphate (1:1), 2-Pyridineacetamide, alpha-(2-(bis(1-methylethyl)amino)ethyl)-alpha-phenyl-, phosphate, 2-Pyridineacetamide, alpha-(2-(bis(1-methylethyl)amino)ethyl)-alpha-phenyl-, phosphate (1:1), 2-Pyridineacetamide, alpha-(2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl)-alpha-phenyl-, phosphate, alpha-(2-(Diisopropylamino)ethyl)-alpha-phenyl-2-pyridineacetamide phosphate (1:1), 2-Pyridineacetamide, alpha-(2-(bis(1-methylethyl)amino)ethyl)-alpha-phenyl-, (+-)-, phosphate (1:1), SR-01000003039, Disopyramide (phosphate), UNII-N6BOM1935W, SCHEMBL41810, MLS000028431, SPECTRUM1500261, C21H29N3O.H3O4P, CHEMBL1201020, HMS501I11, DTXSID30944685, Disopyramide phosphate (JAN/USP), HMS1920I14, HMS2094K15, HMS2234B16, HMS3259J21, HMS3261C04, HMS3369L05, HMS3652M20, HMS3885J07, Pharmakon1600-01500261, Disopyramide PHOSPHATE [MI], XAA05960, Disopyramide PHOSPHATE [JAN], Tox21_500411, CCG-40209, Disopyramide PHOSPHATE [USAN], HY-12533A, NSC756744, Disopyramide PHOSPHATE [VANDF], AKOS040744844, Disopyramide PHOSPHATE [MART.], Disopyramide PHOSPHATE [USP-RS], Disopyramide PHOSPHATE [WHO-DD], LP00411, NC00683, NSC 756744, Disopyramide phosphate [USAN:BAN:JAN], NCGC00093836-01, NCGC00093836-02, NCGC00093836-03, NCGC00093836-04, NCGC00261096-01, SMR000058438, Disopyramide PHOSPHATE [ORANGE BOOK], LS-130131, Disopyramide PHOSPHATE [EP MONOGRAPH], Disopyramide phosphate [USAN:USP:BAN:JAN], EU-0100411, FT-0630479, S4143, SW196836-3, SW196836-4, Disopyramide PHOSPHATE [USP MONOGRAPH], C07740, D 6035, D00637, SR-01000003039-2, SR-01000003039-6, Q27106430, 4-(diisopropylamino)-2-phenyl-2-(2-pyridyl)butanamide, (R)-4-(diisopropylamino)-2-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)butanamide phosphate, 4-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]-2-phenyl-2-pyridin-2-ylbutanamide,phosphoric acid, 4-DIISOPROPYLAMINO-2-PHENYL-2-(2-PYRIDYL)BUTYRAMIDE PHOSPHATE, Disopyramide phosphate, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard, Disopyramide phosphate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, (+/-)-.ALPHA.-(2-(DIISOPROPYLAMINO)ETHYL)-.ALPHA.-PHENYL-2-PYRIDINEACETAMIDE PHOSPHATE (1:1), 2-PYRIDINEACETAMIDE, .ALPHA.-(2-(BIS(1-METHYLETHYL)AMINO)ETHYL)-.ALPHA.-PHENYL-, (+/-)-, PHOSPHATE (1:1), 223-110-2 [EINECS], 2-pyridineacetamide, a-[2-[bis(1-methylethyl)amino]ethyl]-a-phenyl-, 2-Pyridineacetamide, α-(2-(bis(1-methylethyl)amino)ethyl)-α-phenyl-, 2-Pyridineacetamide, α-[2-[bis(1-methylethyl)amino]ethyl]-α-phenyl- [ACD/Index Name], 3737-09-5 [RN], 4-(Diisopropylamino)-2-phenyl-2-(2-pyridinyl)butanamid [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name], 4-(Diisopropylamino)-2-phenyl-2-(2-pyridinyl)butanamide [ACD/IUPAC Name], 4-(Diisopropylamino)-2-phényl-2-(2-pyridinyl)butanamide [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name], 4-(Diisopropylamino)-2-phenyl-2-(2-pyridyl)butyramide, 4-(Diisopropylamino)-2-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)butanamide, 4-(dipropan-2-ylamino)-2-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)butanamide, a-[2-(Diisopropylamino)ethyl]-a-phenyl-2-pyridineacetamide, a-[2-[Bis(1-methylethyl)amino]ethyl]a-phenyl-2-pyridineacetamide, disopiramida [Spanish] [INN], Disopyramide [French] [INN], Disopyramide [BAN] [INN] [JAN] [JP15] [USAN] [Wiki], Disopyramide, (R)-, Disopyramide, (S)-, disopyramidum [Latin] [INN], Isorythm, Lispine, MFCD00057366 [MDL number], Norpace [Trade name], Rythmodan [Trade name], α-[2-(DIISOPROPYLAMINO)ETHYL]-α-PHENYL-2-PYRIDINEACETAMIDE, α-Diisopropylaminoethyl-α-phenylpyridine-2-acetamide, дизопирамид [Russian] [INN], ديسوبيراميد [Arabic] [INN], 丙吡胺 [Chinese] [INN], Disopyramide free base, NORPACE CR, Rythmodan-La, ξ-Disopyramide, [3737-09-5] [RN], 1309283-08-6 [RN], 2-Pyridineacetamide, α-(2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl)-α-phenyl-, 2-Pyridineacetamide, α-[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl]-α-phenyl-, 2-Pyridineacetamide, α-[2-[bis(1-methylethyl)amino]ethyl]-α-phenyl-, 3737-09-5 (free base), 38236-46-3 [RN], 4-(diisopropylamino)-2-phenyl-2-(2-pyridyl)butanamide, 4-(diisopropylamino)-2-phenyl-2-pyridin-2-ylbutanamide, 4-[bis(methylethyl)amino]-2-phenyl-2-(2-pyridyl)butanamide, 4-[bis(propan-2-yl)amino]-2-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)butanamide, 4-[bis(propan-2-yl)amino]-2-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)butanimidic acid, 4-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]-2-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)butanamide, 4-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]-2-phenyl-2-pyridin-2-ylbutanamide, 492056 [Beilstein], 4-Diisopropylamino-2-phenyl-2-(2-pyridyl)-butyramide, 54687-36-4 [RN], 74464-83-8 [RN], 74464-84-9 [RN], BS-17145, DB00280, Dicorantil, Disopiramida, Disopiramida [INN-Spanish], Disopyramide-d5, Disopyramidum, Disopyramidum [INN-Latin], MFCD00069254 [MDL number], n-desalkyl Disopyramide, Norpace®, Ritmodan, Rythmodan P [Trade name], Rythmodan®, Searle 703, α-(2-(Diisopropylamino)ethyl)-α-phenyl-2-pyridineacetamide, α-(2-(Diisopropylamino)ethyl)-α-phenyl-2-pyridineacetamide, α-[2-[bis(1-methylethyl)amino]ethyl]-α-phenyl-2-pyridineacetamide, γ-Diisopropylamino-α-phenyl-α-(2-pyridyl)butyramide, γ-Diisopropylamino-α-phenyl-α-(2-pyridyl)butyramide, дизопирамид, ديسوبيراميد, 丙吡胺

Disopyramide phosphate is an antiarrhythmic chemical used in the treatment of ventricular tachycardia.

Disopyramide phosphate is a sodium channel blocker and is classified as a Class 1a anti-arrhythmic agent.

Disopyramide phosphate has a negative inotropic effect on the ventricular myocardium and significantly reduces contractility.

Disopyramide phosphate also has an anticholinergic effect on the heart, which is responsible for many negative side effects.

Disopyramide phosphate is available in both oral and intravenous forms and has a low degree of toxicity.

Disopyramide phosphate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, for intermediate use only.

Disopyramide phosphate is used at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Disopyramide phosphate is an organoammonium phosphate. 

Disopyramide phosphate phosphate is a class Ia antiarrhythmic agent with cardiac depressant properties. 

Disopyramide phosphate phosphate exerts Disopyramide phosphate actions by blocking both sodium and potassium channels in cardiac membrane during phase 0 of the action potential. 

This slows the impulse conduction through the AV node and prolongs the duration of the action potential of normal cardiac cells in atrial and ventricular tissues. 

Disopyramide phosphate prolongs the QT interval and causes a widening of the QRS complex. 

Disopyramide phosphate also possesses some anticholinergic and local anaesthetic properties. 

Disopyramide phosphate phosphate is used in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia.

A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. 

Disopyramide phosphate also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.

Disopyramide phosphate belongs to a group of medicines called anti-arrhythmic agents used to treat irregular heartbeats.

An irregular heartbeat is a condition in which your heart beats irregularly, too fast, or too slow.

Disopyramide phosphate helps slow the heart rate and prevent arrhythmias (abnormal heart rhythms).

Disopyramide phosphate contains Disopyramide phosphate, ie anti-arrhythmic agents.

Disopyramide phosphate helps bring irregular heartbeats to a normal rhythm by blocking certain electrical signals in the heart.

Irregular heartbeat treatment reduces the risk of blood clots, heart attack or stroke.

Disopyramide phosphate should be taken as prescribed by the doctor.

Your doctor may monitor EKGs and blood pressure during treatment to monitor your dose.

Some people may experience common side effects such as blurred or double vision, stomach pain, little or no urination, and low blood sugar.

Most of these side effects of Disopyramide phosphate do not require medical attention and will gradually improve over time.

However, if the side effects persist, please consult your doctor.

Please tell your doctor if you are known to be allergic to Disopyramide phosphate or any other medicines.

Disopyramide phosphate is not recommended for use in children. 

Pregnant or breastfeeding women are advised to consult a doctor before taking Disopyramide phosphate.

Before taking Disopyramide phosphate, tell your doctor if you have kidney or liver disease, enlarged prostate, glaucoma (increased eye pressure) or low potassium levels in the blood (hypokalaemia).

Do not take Disopyramide phosphate if you are already taking other medicines to regulate your heartbeat.

Do not drive or operate machinery as Disopyramide phosphate may cause blurred vision, dizziness and low blood pressure.

Use Disopyramide phosphate with caution if you are elderly (over 65 years of age), have a low body weight, or have kidney or liver problems.

Disopyramide phosphate is used to treat certain irregular heartbeats).

Disopyramide phosphate is in a class of medications called antiarrhythmic drugs.

Disopyramide phosphate works by making your heart more resistant to abnormal activity.

Continuing Education Activity:

Disopyramide phosphate is a chemical used to treat heart rhythm abnormalities that can be life-threatening, such as ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation, or associated with increased morbidity and mortality, such as atrial fibrillation and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

This activity reviews several important aspects of this chemical, including indications, mechanism of action, applications, side effects, contraindications, monitoring, and toxicity.

This important knowledge of this chemical can improve interprofessional healthcare team outcomes.

Objectives:

Describe the mechanism of action of Disopyramide phosphate.

Describe possible side effects of Disopyramide phosphate.

Explains the importance of monitoring when using Disopyramide phosphate as an antiarrhythmic chemical.

Outline professional team strategies for improving care coordination and communication when using Disopyramide phosphate to maximize the benefits of this chemical and minimize Disopyramide phosphate side effects.

Indications:

In 1962, new antiarrhythmic drugs were needed apart from quinidine and procainamide, which were the main antiarrhythmic agents available at the time.

Disopyramide phosphate is the selected agent among more than 500 compounds synthesized for the research program of new antiarrhythmic agents.

The chemical structures of Disopyramide phosphate are similar to the synthetic muscarinic antagonist lacquer, which explains Disopyramide phosphate anticholinergic property.

Although Disopyramide phosphate is rarely used for heart rhythm abnormalities due to the availability of newer drugs that provide better efficacy and favorable side-effect profiles, Disopyramide phosphate is still the drug of choice for vagal-mediated atrial fibrillation such as sleep-induced or atrial fibrillation in athlete groups.

The effectiveness of Disopyramide phosphate in these conditions is due to Disopyramide phosphate anticholinergic activity, which abolishes the parasympathetic tone.

Disopyramide phosphate is also a third-line antiarrhythmic agent for a patient with coronary artery disease.

Also, a patient with left ventricular hypertrophy has impaired depolarization, which can induce torsade de pointes.

Therefore, antiarrhythmics that prolong the QT interval are avoided, but if sotalol or amiodarone is unsuccessful or unsuitable, Disopyramide phosphate may be an alternative.

In a patient with atrial fibrillation and hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), Disopyramide phosphate is the agent of choice, other than amiodarone, as Disopyramide phosphate may decrease the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradient (off-label use).

Data from a multicenter study of the safety and efficacy of Disopyramide phosphate in obstructive cardiomyopathy showed that Disopyramide phosphate significantly reduced the SVOT gradient from 75+/- 33 to 40+/-32 mmHg in 78 patients (66% of study subjects) (P<0.0001). has shown. ) and raises the New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA FC) from 23+/-07 to 17+/-06 (P<0.0001).

When Disopyramide phosphate is used in combination with a non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker or beta blocker, they can effectively prevent recurrence of AF in HCOM patients.

Patients with ventricular premature beat (VPB) or premature ventricular complexes (PVC) may have a high symptom burden.

Disopyramide phosphate can be used in patients without structural heart disease, although Disopyramide phosphate efficacy is less than ablation.

In addition, based on a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled one-year follow-up study, Disopyramide phosphate (n=44) was effective in maintaining sinus rhythm after electro cardioversion for atrial fibrillation compared to placebo (n=46) and was significantly different (%) at one-month follow-up. 70 vs 39%) and continues after twelve months (54% vs 30%).

Uses of Disopyramide phosphate:

Disopyramide phosphate is used to treat certain types of serious (possibly fatal) irregular heartbeat (such as sustained ventricular tachycardia). 

Disopyramide phosphate is used to restore normal heart rhythm and maintain a regular, steady heartbeat. 

Disopyramide phosphate is known as an anti-arrhythmic drug. 

Disopyramide phosphate works by blocking certain electrical signals in the heart that can cause an irregular heartbeat. 

Treating an irregular heartbeat can decrease the risk for blood clots, and this effect can reduce your risk of heart attack or stroke.

Disopyramide phosphate comes as a capsule and an extended-release (long-acting) capsule to take by mouth. 

Disopyramide phosphate capsules may be taken every 6 or 8 hours. 

The extended-release capsule is usually taken every 12 hours. 

Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. 

Take Disopyramide phosphate exactly as directed. 

Do not take more or less of Disopyramide phosphate or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor.

Swallow the extended-release capsules; do not open, crush, or chew them.

Disopyramide phosphate helps control your condition but will not cure it. 

Continue to take Disopyramide phosphate even if you feel well. 

Do not stop taking Disopyramide phosphate without talking to your doctor.

Medical Uses:

Antiarrhythmic Agent:

Disopyramide phosphate is used to treat and manage ventricular arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats originating in the ventricles) and some atrial arrhythmias.

Pharmaceutical Formulations:

Administered in oral tablets or injectable forms based on the clinical condition.

Antiarrhythmic Medication:

Primary Use:

Disopyramide phosphate is primarily used to treat and manage ventricular arrhythmias (abnormal heart rhythms originating in the ventricles) and certain atrial arrhythmias.

Disopyramide phosphate helps stabilize the heart's electrical activity and restore normal rhythm.

Mechanism of Action:

Disopyramide phosphate works by blocking sodium channels in the heart, which helps to control abnormal electrical impulses and prevent irregular heartbeats.

Pharmaceutical Formulations:

Oral Tablets:

Often administered in tablet form for long-term management of arrhythmias.

Injectable Forms:

In some cases, Disopyramide phosphate may be provided in injectable form for more immediate treatment or in emergency situations.

Clinical Applications:

Treatment of Tachycardias:

Disopyramide phosphate is used in the treatment of tachycardia (rapid heart rate) and other related conditions.

Management of Symptomatic Arrhythmias:

Particularly useful in cases where arrhythmias are symptomatic and affecting quality of life.

Research and Development:

Experimental Studies:

Disopyramide phosphate may be used in research settings to study its effects on heart rhythm and its interactions with other drugs or treatments.

Combination Therapy:

Adjunctive Use:

Disopyramide phosphate may be used in combination with other antiarrhythmic agents to manage complex arrhythmias or when other treatments are not sufficient.

Action Mechanism of Disopyramide phosphate:

Disopyramide phosphate's Class 1a activity is similar to that of quinidine in that Disopyramide phosphate targets sodium channels to inhibit conduction.

Disopyramide phosphate depresses the increase in sodium permeability of the cardiac myocyte during Phase 0 of the cardiac action potential, in turn decreasing the inward sodium current. 

This results in an increased threshold for excitation and a decreased upstroke velocity.

Disopyramide phosphate prolongs the PR interval by lengthening both the QRS and P wave duration.

This effect is particularly well suited in the treatment of ventricular tachycardia as Disopyramide phosphate slows the action potential propagation through the atria to the ventricles. 

Disopyramide phosphate does not act as a blocking agent for beta or alpha adrenergic receptors, but does have a significant negative inotropic effect on the ventricular myocardium.

As a result, the use of Disopyramide phosphate may reduce contractile force up to 42% at low doses and up to 100% in higher doses compared to quinidine.

Levites proposed a possible secondary mode of action for Disopyramide phosphate, against reentrant arrhythmias after an ischemic insult. 

Disopyramide phosphate decreases the inhomogeneity between infarcted and normal myocardium refractory periods; in addition to lengthening the refractory period.

This decreases the chance of re-entry depolarization, because signals are more likely to encounter tissue in a refractory state which cannot be excited.

This provides a possible treatment for atrial and ventricular fibrillation, as Disopyramide phosphate restores pacemaker control of the tissue to the SA and AV nodes.

Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Disopyramide phosphate:

MeSH Pharmacological Classification:

Anti-Arrhythmia Agents:

Agents used for the treatment or prevention of cardiac arrhythmias. 

They may affect the polarization-repolarization phase of the action potential, Disopyramide phosphate excitability or refractoriness, or impulse conduction or membrane responsiveness within cardiac fibers. 

Anti-arrhythmia agents are often classed into four main groups according to their mechanism of action: sodium channel blockade, beta-adrenergic blockade, repolarization prolongation, or calcium channel blockade.

Obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy:

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiac disease, occurring in 1:500 individuals in the general population. 

Disopyramide phosphate is estimated that there are 600,000 individuals in the United States with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. 

The most common variant of HCM presents with left ventricular (LV) intracavitary obstruction due to systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve, and mitral-septal contact, diagnosed readily with echocardiography. 

Pharmacologic treatment with negative inotropic drugs is first-line therapy. 

Beta-blockers are used first, and while they improve symptoms of shortness of breath, chest pain and exercise intolerance, they do not reduce resting LV intraventricular pressure gradients and often are inadequate to control symptoms. 

Many investigators and clinicians believe that Disopyramide phosphate controlled release is the most potent agent available for reducing resting pressure gradients and improving symptoms.

Disopyramide phosphate has been actively used for more than 30 years.

Disopyramide phosphate administration for obstructive HCM has a IB recommendation in the 2020 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Foundation guidelines for treatment of obstructive HCM.

A IB treatment recommendation indicates that a treatment is recommended, and may be useful, and beneficial.

Negative inotropes improve LV obstruction by decreasing LV ejection acceleration and hydrodynamic forces on the mitral valve. 

Disopyramide phosphate's particular efficacy is due to Disopyramide phosphate potent negative inotropic effects; in head-to-head comparison, Disopyramide phosphate is more effective for gradient reduction than either beta-blocker or verapamil.

Disopyramide phosphate is most often administered with beta-blockade. 

When used in patients resistant to beta-blockade, Disopyramide phosphate is effective in 60% of cases, reducing symptoms and gradient to the extent that invasive procedures such as surgical septal myectomy are not required.

Disopyramide phosphate, despite Disopyramide phosphate efficacy, has one main side effect that has limited Disopyramide phosphate use in the US, though Disopyramide phosphate has seen wider application in Canada, UK and Japan. 

Vagal blockade predictably causes dry mouth, and in men with prostatism, may cause urinary retention. 

Teichman et al. showed that pyridostigmine used in combination with Disopyramide phosphate substantially alleviates vagolytic side effects without compromising antiarrhythmic efficacy.

This combination has also been shown to be effective and safe in obstructive HCM in a large cohort of patients.

Some clinicians prescribe pyridostigmine sustained release (marketed in the US as Mestinon Timespan) to every patient begun on Disopyramide phosphate.

This combination increases acceptance of higher Disopyramide phosphate dosing, important since there is a dose-response correlation in obstructive HCM, higher doses yielding lower gradients.

Another concern about Disopyramide phosphate has been the hypothetical potential for inducing sudden death from Disopyramide phosphate type 1 anti-arrhythmic effects. 

However, a multicenter registry and two recent cohort registries have largely reduced this concern, by showing sudden death rates lower than that observed from the disease itself.

These concerns about the drug must be viewed from the clinical perspective that Disopyramide phosphate is generally the last agent that is tried for patients before they are referred for invasive septal reduction with surgical septal myectomy (an open-heart operation) or alcohol septal ablation (a controlled heart attack). 

Both of these invasive procedures have risk of morbidity and mortality.

For selected patients, a trial of oral Disopyramide phosphate is a reasonable approach before proceeding to invasive septal reduction. 

Patients who respond to Disopyramide phosphate are continued on the drug. 

Those who continue to have disabling symptoms or who experience side effects are promptly referred for septal reduction. 

Using such a stepped strategy, investigators have reported that survival does not differ from that observed in the age-matched normal United States population.

History

Disopyramide phosphate was first synthesized in the 1960s as part of the search for effective antiarrhythmic medications and was introduced into clinical practice in the 1970s.

As a class IA antiarrhythmic drug, Disopyramide phosphate works by blocking sodium channels to stabilize abnormal heart rhythms.

Initially approved for treating ventricular arrhythmias and other arrhythmias, Disopyramide phosphate became a valuable treatment option in cardiology.

Over the decades, Disopyramide phosphate has been used both as a primary treatment and in combination with other antiarrhythmic drugs, with ongoing research continuing to refine its application and understand its long-term effects.

Handling and Storage of Disopyramide phosphate:

Handling:

Precautions:

Use personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, safety goggles, and lab coats to prevent contact with skin and eyes.

Handle in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhalation of dust or fumes.

Avoid:

Prevent spills and avoid ingestion or inhalation.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke in the handling area.

Hygiene:

Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Storage:

Conditions:

Store in a cool, dry place, away from heat, moisture, and direct sunlight.

Containers:

Use containers made from materials compatible with the compound.

Ensure containers are tightly closed and properly labeled.

Segregation:

Keep away from strong acids, oxidizers, and other incompatible materials.

Stability and Reactivity of Disopyramide phosphate:

Stability:

Chemical Stability:

Generally stable under recommended storage conditions.

Shelf Life:

Follow manufacturer’s recommendations for shelf life and disposal.

Reactivity:

Incompatibilities:

Avoid contact with strong acids and oxidizing agents.

Hazardous Decomposition Products:

May produce toxic fumes or gases upon decomposition.

First Aid Measures of Disopyramide phosphate:

Inhalation:

Move the affected person to fresh air immediately.

Provide oxygen if breathing is difficult and seek medical help if necessary.

Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing.

Wash the affected skin area thoroughly with soap and water.

Seek medical attention if irritation persists.

Eye Contact:

Rinse eyes immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open.

Seek medical help immediately.

Ingestion:

Do not induce vomiting.

Rinse mouth with water and seek medical attention immediately.

If the person is conscious, give water to dilute the chemical.

Firefighting Measures of Disopyramide phosphate:

Flammability:

Disopyramide phosphate is not classified as highly flammable but may pose risks under certain conditions.

Extinguishing Media:

Use water spray, foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide (CO₂) for extinguishing fires.

Special Hazards:

Hazardous combustion products may include toxic fumes or gases.

Protective Equipment for Firefighters:

Wear full protective gear, including self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

Accidental Release Measures of Disopyramide phosphate:

Personal Precautions:

Wear appropriate PPE including gloves, goggles, and protective clothing.

Ensure adequate ventilation in the area.

Environmental Precautions:

Prevent the chemical from entering drains, watercourses, or soil.

Use barriers to contain spills if possible.

Containment and Cleanup:

Small Spills:

Absorb with inert materials (e.g., sand, earth) and place in appropriate disposal containers.

Large Spills:

Contain the spill with barriers, absorb with suitable materials, and dispose of according to regulations.

Exposure Controls/Personal Protective Equipment of Disopyramide phosphate:

Exposure Limits:

Adhere to occupational exposure limits set by relevant authorities (e.g., OSHA, ACGIH).

Engineering Controls:

Use local exhaust ventilation or fume hoods to keep airborne concentrations below exposure limits.

Ensure general ventilation in work areas.

Personal Protective Equipment:

Respiratory Protection:

Use appropriate respirators if ventilation is insufficient or exposure limits are exceeded.

Skin Protection:

Wear chemical-resistant gloves and protective clothing.

Eye Protection:

Use safety goggles or face shields to protect from splashes and vapors.

Body Protection:

Wear suitable protective clothing such as lab coats or aprons.

Hygiene Measures:

Wash hands, face, and exposed skin thoroughly after handling.

Avoid contact with food, drink, and smoking in areas where the compound is used.

Identifiers of Disopyramide phosphate:

IUPAC name: (RS)-4-(Diisopropylamino)-2-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)butanamide

CAS Number: 3737-09-5

PubChem CID: 3114

IUPHAR/BPS: 7167

DrugBank: DB00280

ChemSpider: 3002

UNII: GFO928U8MQ

KEGG: D00303

ChEBI: CHEBI:4657

ChEMBL: ChEMBL517

CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID1045536

ECHA InfoCard: 100.021.010

Chemical Name: Disopyramide phosphate

IUPAC Name: 2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl 2-hydroxypropyl phosphate

CAS Number: 53754-09-5

Molecular Formula: C19H24N2O4P

Molecular Weight: 346.37 g/mol

Properties of Disopyramide phosphate:

Formula: C21H29N3O

Molar mass: 339.483 g·mol−1

Melting point: 94.5 to 95 °C (202.1 to 203.0 °F)

SMILES: O=C(N)C(c1ncccc1)(c2ccccc2)CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C

InChI: InChI=1S/C21H29N3O/c1-16(2)24(17(3)4)15-13-21(20(22)25,18-10-6-5-7-11-18)19-12-8-9-14-23-19/h5-12,14,16-17H,13,15H2,1-4H3,(H2,22,25)

Key:UVTNFZQICZKOEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Molecular Weight: 437.5 g/mol

Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 4

Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 7

Rotatable Bond Count: 8

Exact Mass: 437.20795813 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass: 437.20795813 g/mol

Topological Polar Surface Area: 137Ų

Heavy Atom Count: 30

Complexity: 459

Isotope Atom Count: 0

Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1

Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2

Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Names of Disopyramide phosphate:

Regulatory process names:

Disopyramide

Disopyramide

IUPAC names:

4-(diisopropylamino)-2-phenyl-2-pyridin-2-ylbutanamide

4-[bis(propan-2-yl)amino]-2-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)butanamide

Disopyramide

Other identifiers:

3737-09-5