BENZONITRILE
Benzonitrile is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a sweet almond odor, used primarily as a solvent and precursor in the synthesis of various chemicals, including pharmaceuticals, dyes, and resins.
Benzonitrile is a versatile compound in organic synthesis, functioning as a precursor to benzamides and other derivatives, and can form coordination complexes with transition metals for use as synthetic intermediates.
Benzonitrile is produced by the ammoxidation of toluene and is employed in industries such as pharmaceuticals, perfumes, dyes, and specialty lacquers, due to its utility as both a solvent and a reactive intermediate.
CAS Number: 100-47-0
EC Number: 202-855-7
Chemical Formula: C6H5CN
Molar Mass: 103.12 g/mol
Synonyms: BENZONITRILE, 100-47-0, Cyanobenzene, Phenyl cyanide, Benzenenitrile, Benzoic acid nitrile, Benzene, cyano-, Benzenecarbonitrile, Phenylcyanide, Fenylkyanid, Fenylkyanid, UNII-9V9APP5H5S, NSC 8039, UN2224, AI3-24184, 9V9APP5H5S, C6H5-CN, CHEBI:27991, Benzonitrile, MFCD00001770, DSSTox_CID_1491, DSSTox_RID_76183, DSSTox_GSID_21491, benzonitril, CAS-100-47-0, HSDB 45, CCRIS 3184, EINECS 202-855-7, benzo nitrile, 4-cyanobenzene, benzonitrile solvent, WLN: NCR, bmse000284, EC 202-855-7, SCHEMBL6640, MLS002454387, CHEMBL15819, DTXSID7021491, TIMTEC-BB SBB028746, NSC8039, AKOS B004231, Benzonitrile, anhydrous, >=99%, OTAVA-BB 1778585, AKOS 91614, ART-CHEM-BB B004231, HMS3039F17, LABOTEST-BB LTBB001814, ZINC899417, Benzonitrile, for HPLC, 99.9%, NSC-8039, AKOS BBS-00004403, Tox21_201982, Tox21_302979, Benzonitrile, ReagentPlus(R), 99%, STK398186, AKOS000120125, AM10697, AS02370, MCULE-9371683291, UN 2224, NCGC00091747-01, NCGC00091747-02, NCGC00256387-01, NCGC00259531-01, LS-13256, SMR001372003, B0082, FT-0622719, C09814, Q412567, J-000140, F1908-0163, Z1263529746, 100-47-0, 202-855-7, 506893, Benzonitril, Benzonitrile, Benzonitrile, cyanobenzene, MFCD00001770, phenyl cyanide, 13205-50-0, 2102-15-0, Benzene, cyano-, benzenecarbonitrile, benzenenitrile, benzoic acid nitrile, Benzonitrile-d5, dichloromethylsulfonylmethylbenzene, Fenylkyanid, Fenylkyanid, Phenylcyanide, WLN: NCR
Benzonitrile is an aromatic organic compound characterized by a benzene ring attached to a cyano group (-CN).
Benzonitrile is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with an almond-like odor.
Benzonitrile is slightly soluble in water but more soluble in organic solvents.
Benzonitrile has a relatively high boiling point of 191 °C and a melting point of -13 °C.
Benzonitrile is used primarily in organic synthesis and as a solvent in various chemical reactions.
Benzonitrile is also a precursor to other chemicals, including pharmaceuticals, dyes, and resins.
Benzonitrile is flammable and should be handled with care, particularly when stored near ignition sources.
Benzonitrile is the chemical compound with the formula C6H5(CN), abbreviated PhCN.
This aromatic organic compound is a colorless liquid with a sweet bitter almond odour.
Benzonitrile is mainly used as a precursor to the resin benzoguanamine.
A colorless toxic oily compound C6H5CN of almond-oil odor made by fusing a mixture of sodium cyanide and sodium benzenesulfonate and in other ways and used chiefly as a solvent for synthetic resins.
Benzonitrile was traditionally produced by two-step reactions; first, benzoic acid was made from toluene under liquid phase oxidation, and then, benzoic acid was oxidized with ammonia to produce benzonitrile.
Benzonitrile is a widely utilized as a solvent and an intermediate in industries making drugs, perfumes, dyes, rubber, textiles, resins and specialty lacquers.
Benzonitrile finds application as a versatile precursor for many derivatives.
Benzonitrile coordinates with transition metal to form complexes which act as synthetic intermediates.
Benzonitrile, also known as cyanobenzene or phenyl cyanide, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzonitriles.
These are organic compounds containing a benzene bearing a nitrile substituent.
Organic nitriles decompose into cyanide ions both in vivo and in vitro.
Benzonitrile is the chemical compound with the formula C6H5(CN), abbreviated PhCN.
This aromatic organic compound is a colorless liquid with a sweet almond odour.
Benzonitrile is mainly used as a precursor to the resin benzoguanamine.
Benzonitrile is a rancid tasting compound and Benzonitrile has been detected, but not quantified, in a few different foods, such as cherry and garden tomato.
Benzonitrile is a potentially toxic compound to humans.
Benzonitrile is a useful solvent and a versatile precursor to many derivatives such as benzamides and Diphenylketimine.
Benzonitrile is produced by ammoxidation of toluene, that is Benzonitrile reaction with ammonia and oxygen (or air) at 400 to 450C (752 to 842 F)
Applications of Benzonitrile:
Benzonitrile is a useful solvent and a versatile precursor to many derivatives.
Benzonitrile reacts with amines to afford N-substituted benzamides after hydrolysis, Benzonitrile is a precursor to Ph2C=NH (b.p. 151 °C, 8 mm Hg) via reaction with phenylmagnesium bromide followed by hydrolysis.
Benzonitrile can form coordination complexes with late transition metals that are both soluble in organic solvents and conveniently labile, e.g. PdCl2(PhCN)2.
The benzonitrile ligands are readily displaced by stronger ligands, making benzonitrile complexes useful synthetic intermediates.
Benzonitrile is a widely utilized as a solvent and an intermediate in industries making drugs, perfumes, dyes, rubber, textiles, resins and specialty lacquers.
Benzonitrile finds application as a versatile precursor for many derivatives.
Benzonitrile coordinates with transition metal to form complexes which act as synthetic intermediates.
Benzonitrile may be used in the synthesis of organic building blocks such as 2-cyclopentylacetophenone, 4-carbomethoxy-5-methoxy-2-phenyl-1,3-oxazole and 1-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-6,7-methylenedioxyisoquinoline.
Benzonitrile may also be used as a solvent in the synthesis of bis(trifluoromethyl)diazomethane.
Uses of Benzonitrile:
Benzonitrile is used as a solvent and intermediate in industries making drugs, perfumes, dyes, rubber, textiles, resins, and specialty lacquers.
Benzonitrile is a versatile compound used in various industrial and laboratory applications.
Here are some of Benzonitrile's key uses:
Intermediate in Organic Synthesis
Chemical Manufacturing:
Benzonitrile is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of various organic compounds, including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and dyes.
Benzonitrile's cyano group makes it a valuable starting material for the production of amines, acids, and other derivatives.
Pharmaceuticals:
Benzonitrile is employed in the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and intermediates, particularly in the production of drugs that require a benzene ring with a nitrile group.
Solvent:
Specialty Solvent:
Benzonitrile serves as a solvent for a range of organic reactions, particularly those involving polymers, resins, and other aromatic compounds.
Benzonitrile is valued for its ability to dissolve substances that are otherwise difficult to solubilize.
Analytical Chemistry:
In some cases, benzonitrile is used as a solvent in spectroscopic studies due to its ability to dissolve a wide range of organic molecules without interfering with the analysis.
Precursor to Other Chemicals:
Benzamides and Benzimidazoles:
Benzonitrile is a precursor in the synthesis of benzamides and benzimidazoles, which are important structures in various pharmaceuticals and industrial chemicals.
Herbicides and Pesticides:
Benzonitrile is used in the production of certain herbicides and pesticides, taking advantage of its reactivity to create active ingredients that target specific pests or weeds.
Polymer and Resin Production:
Resins:
Benzonitrile is involved in the production of resins and polymers, where it contributes to the formation of materials with specific properties, such as heat resistance and durability.
Chemical Research:
Laboratory Reagent:
Benzonitrile is commonly used in research laboratories as a reagent and solvent in organic synthesis.
Benzonitrile's reactivity and relatively low toxicity compared to other nitriles make it a preferred choice for various experiments.
Spectroscopic Studies:
NMR and IR Spectroscopy:
Due to its distinct chemical structure, benzonitrile is sometimes used in NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) and IR (Infrared) spectroscopy as a reference compound or solvent, helping to identify and analyze other compounds.
Fragrance Industry:
Perfume Ingredient:
Although less common, benzonitrile's almond-like odor can be utilized in the fragrance industry, particularly in creating specific scent profiles in perfumes and other scented products.
Laboratory uses:
Benzonitrile is a useful solvent and a versatile precursor to many derivatives.
Benzonitrile reacts with amines to afford N-substituted benzamides after hydrolysis.
Benzonitrile is a precursor to diphenylketimine Ph2C=NH (b.p. 151 °C, 8 mm Hg) via reaction with phenylmagnesium bromide followed by methanolysis.
Benzonitrile forms coordination complexes with transition metals that are both soluble in organic solvents and conveniently labile.
One example is PdCl2(PhCN)2.
The benzonitrile ligands are readily displaced by stronger ligands, making benzonitrile complexes useful synthetic intermediates.
Industrial uses:
Benzonitrile is used as an intermediate for rubber chemicals and as a solvent for nitrile rubber, specialty lacquers, many resins, polymers and for many anhydrous metallic salts.
Benzonitrile is principally used as an intermediate for benzoguanamine.
Benzonitrile is also used as an additive in nickel-plating baths, separating naphthalene and alkylnaphthalenes from non-aromatics by azetropic distillation; as jet-fuel additive; in cotton bleaching baths; as a drying additive for acrylic fibers; and in the removal of titanium tetrachloride and vanadium oxychloride from silicon tetrachloride.
Benzonitrile is also used in perfumes at a maximum level of 0.2% in the final product.
Other Uses:
Flavouring
Fragrance
Fragrance component
Perfuming
Production of Benzonitrile:
Benzonitrile is prepared by ammoxidation of toluene, that is Benzonitrile reaction with ammonia and oxygen (or air) at 400 to 450 °C (752 to 842 °F).
C6H5CH3 + 3/2 O2 + NH3 → C6H5(CN) + 3 H2O
In the laboratory Benzonitrile can be prepared by the dehydration of benzamide or by the Rosenmund–von Braun reaction using cuprous cyanide or NaCN/DMSO and bromobenzene.
Manufacturing Methods of Benzonitrile:
Prepared by heating Na benzenesulfonate with NaCN or by adding benzenediazonium chloride solution to a hot aqueous NaCN solution containing CuSO4 and distilling.
From benzoic acid by heating with lead thiocyanate.
The reaction of benzoic acid (or substituted benzoic acid) with urea at 220-240 °C in the presence of a metallic catalyst.
Benzonitrile can be produced in high yield by the vapor-phase catalytic ammoxidation of toluene.
Metabolism/Metabolites of Benzonitrile:
Aromatic cyanides or nitriles can be metabolized by hydrolysis of the cyanide group to give the corresponding carboxylic acid.
This reaction is only a minor pathway, the major metabolic transformation being aromatic hydroxylation.
Benzonitrile by hydrolation yields benzamide which by hydrolysis yields benzoic acid and ammonia.
Formulations/Preparations of Benzonitrile:
99.5% min wt/water content of 0.40% max
Grades of purity: Pure, 99+%
Analytic Laboratory Methods of Benzonitrile:
Determination of benzonitrile in aqueous solution by using GLC with flame ionization detector.
The estimated detection limit is 1 mg/L.
Benzonitrile can be determined by GC/MS using purge-and-trap techniques.
The determination limit for most compounds by this technique is <10 ppb.
Recovery and precision measurements demonstrated that the method provided semiquantitative analysis for this volatile hazardous substance.
Occurrence of Benzonitrile:
Benzonitrile is reported to be found in natural cocoa aroma), in milk products, roasted filberts and peanuts and cooked trassi.
Benzonitrile also has been detected in the thermal decomposition products of flexible polyurethane foam.
History of Benzonitrile:
Benzonitrile was reported by Hermann Fehling in 1844.
He found the compound as a product from the thermal dehydration of ammonium benzoate.
He deduced Benzonitrile structure from the already known analogue reaction of ammonium formate yielding hydrogen cyanide (formonitrile).
He also coined the name benzonitrile which gave the name to all the group of nitriles.
In 2018, benzonitrile was reported to be detected in the interstellar medium.
Scientists in the early 20th century were rather dubious about the idea that molecules existed within the vacuum of space, free from being bound to stars or planets.
This could be ascribed to the fact that they were able to rationalize how any molecules in space would be destroyed but not necessarily how they were formed.
However, with advancements in astronomical facilities and laboratory spectroscopy, simple molecular species, carbon chains, complex organic molecules (COMs), fullerenes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been found to be omnipresent in the space environment.
Molecules have been detected at every stage of stellar evolution and in regions and situations that might seem inhospitable to the formation and survival of chemical bonds.
Amongst these discoveries, the most exciting one might be the detection of benzonitrile, an intriguing organic molecule that helps to chemically link simple carbon-based molecules and truly massive ones like the PAHs.
Benzonitrile was spotted in an interstellar dust cloud 430 light-years away, known as the Taurus molecular cloud (TMC-1), using a radio telescope.
Benzonitrile is the first time a specific aromatic molecule has been detected using radio spectroscopy.
Astrochemists have suspected that PAHs were widespread throughout the universe and were estimated to make up about 10% of all interstellar carbon.
Despite their expected ubiquity, astronomical identification of specific aromatic molecules has been proven elusive until now.
For instance, bond stretching motions in their infrared spectra are too similar to parse, and many PAHs lack strong polarity.
This latter point makes signatures in their rotational spectra—typically collected with radio telescopes—difficult to detect.
This has created a huge impediment in distinguishing one PAH from another.
For these reasons, in order to understand the chemistry of PAHs in interstellar medium, much effort has been centered on modeling the formation of readily detectable small five- and six-membered aromatic rings and their subsequent reactions with smaller hydrocarbons and nitrogen species to produce PAHs.
Benzonitrile’s lopsided chemical arrangement allowed the chemists to identify nine distinct spikes in the radio spectrum that correspond to the molecule.
They also could observe the additional effects of nitrogen nuclei on the radio signature.
Although, benzonitrile isn’t strictly a PAH because of the nitrogen Benzonitrile contains as well as the lack of multiple cycles, this molecule is the center of the attention currently because of Benzonitriles strong dipole moment and also because Benzonitrile forms from a reaction between benzene and cyanide, which may be able to help us estimate how much benzene, an aromatic compound, exists in space, as well as other molecules, if we are able to measure benzonitrile.
Benzonitrile is an exciting new discovery not only because Benzonitrile is a precursor to more complex PAHs and the fact that Benzonitrile sheds light on the composition of aromatic material within the interstellar medium — the material that will eventually be incorporated into new stars and planets.
The detection of benzonitrile in space is also exciting also because Benzonitrile provides a chemical link to the carriers (PAHs) of the unidentified infrared bands.
The intrinsic infrared emission from PAHs have been deduced as the likely culprit for as-yet unidentified infrared bands – emissions generated by numerous cosmic (galactic and extragalactic sources) sources.
Hence, this discovery is a vital clue in a 30-year-old mystery: identifying the source of a faint infrared glow that permeates the Milky Way and other galaxies.
Handling and Storage of Benzonitrile:
Handling:
Precautions:
Handle benzonitrile in a well-ventilated area, preferably under a chemical fume hood, to avoid inhalation of vapors.
Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing.
Use appropriate PPE such as gloves, safety goggles, and lab coats.
Incompatibilities:
Avoid contact with strong acids, strong bases, and oxidizing agents, as benzonitrile may react with these substances.
Hygiene Measures:
Wash hands and any exposed skin thoroughly after handling benzonitrile.
Avoid eating, drinking, or smoking when handling the chemical.
Storage:
Storage Conditions:
Store benzonitrile in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.
Keep the container tightly closed when not in use.
Store away from sources of ignition, heat, and direct sunlight.
Segregation:
Store away from incompatible materials such as strong acids and bases.
Keep away from food and drink.
Containers:
Use containers made of materials compatible with benzonitrile, such as stainless steel or glass.
Ensure that storage containers are properly labeled.
Stability and Reactivity of Benzonitrile:
Stability:
Chemical Stability:
Benzonitrile is generally stable under normal conditions of storage and use.
Benzonitrile does not readily decompose at room temperature.
Shelf Life:
Benzonitrile has a relatively long shelf life if stored under recommended conditions.
Reactivity:
The cyano group can be readily hydrolyzed in the presence of mineral acids to produce stable, moderately toxic benzoic acid.
When heated to decomposition, Benzonitrile emits highly toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides and hydrogen cyanide.
Incompatible Materials:
Benzonitrile reacts with strong acids, strong bases, and oxidizing agents.
Benzonitrile may produce toxic fumes or other hazardous by-products when in contact with these substances.
Hazardous Decomposition Products:
Decomposition of benzonitrile can produce toxic gases such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen oxides.
Hazardous Reactions:
Polymerization:
Benzonitrile does not undergo hazardous polymerization.
Fire Risk:
In the presence of an ignition source, benzonitrile vapors can form explosive mixtures with air.
First Aid Measures of Benzonitrile:
General Advice:
Remove the affected person from the exposure area and provide fresh air.
Seek medical attention if symptoms persist or are severe.
Inhalation:
If inhaled, move the person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen.
If the person is not breathing, perform artificial respiration.
Seek medical attention immediately.
Skin Contact:
In case of skin contact, remove contaminated clothing and rinse the affected skin area with plenty of water and soap for at least 15 minutes.
Seek medical attention if irritation develops.
Eye Contact:
If benzonitrile comes into contact with the eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting the upper and lower eyelids occasionally.
Seek medical attention if irritation or vision problems persist.
Ingestion:
If swallowed, do not induce vomiting.
Rinse the mouth with water and seek medical attention immediately.
If the person is conscious, give them water to dilute the chemical.
Firefighting Measures of Benzonitrile:
Flammability:
Benzonitrile is flammable with a flashpoint of around 74 °C.
Extinguishing Media:
Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide (CO₂), or alcohol-resistant foam to extinguish fires involving benzonitrile.
Water spray can also be used to cool fire-exposed containers.
Special Hazards:
In the event of a fire, benzonitrile can produce toxic and irritating gases such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen oxides.
Vapors may travel considerable distances to an ignition source and flash back.
Protective Equipment for Firefighters:
Firefighters should wear full protective gear, including a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), to avoid inhalation of toxic fumes.
Firefighting Instructions:
Cool containers with water spray to prevent rupture due to heat.
Keep people away from the fire and upwind to avoid inhalation of fumes.
Accidental Release Measures of Benzonitrile:
Personal Precautions:
Evacuate non-essential personnel from the area.
Ventilate the area well.
Avoid breathing vapors and prevent skin and eye contact.
Wear appropriate PPE, including gloves, goggles, and a respirator if needed.
Environmental Precautions:
Prevent the chemical from entering drains, watercourses, or soil.
Contain the spill to prevent environmental contamination.
Containment and Cleanup:
Small spills:
Absorb the spill with inert materials (e.g., sand, earth, vermiculite) and place Benzonitrile in a suitable container for disposal.
Large spills:
Dike the area to contain the spill.
Use water spray to reduce vapors, but avoid water runoff.
Dispose of the waste material according to local regulations.
Decontamination:
Clean the spill area thoroughly with soap and water after the bulk of the spill has been removed.
Exposure Controls/Personal Protective Equipment of Benzonitrile:
Exposure Limits:
OSHA PEL: 10 ppm (35 mg/m³) as TWA
NIOSH REL: 10 ppm (35 mg/m³) as TWA
ACGIH TLV: 10 ppm (35 mg/m³) as TWA
Engineering Controls:
Use benzonitrile in a well-ventilated area, such as a fume hood, to keep airborne concentrations below the recommended exposure limits.
Ensure that local exhaust ventilation is used where possible.
Personal Protective Equipment:
Respiratory Protection:
If exposure limits are exceeded, use an approved respirator with organic vapor cartridges.
In case of inadequate ventilation, use a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Skin Protection:
Wear chemical-resistant gloves, such as those made from nitrile, neoprene, or butyl rubber, to prevent skin contact.
Consider using additional protective clothing if extensive contact is possible.
Eye Protection:
Wear safety goggles or a face shield to protect against splashes and vapors.
Body Protection:
Wear protective clothing, such as a lab coat, apron, or coveralls, to protect against spills and splashes.
Hygiene Measures:
Wash hands and face thoroughly after handling benzonitrile, especially before eating, drinking, or smoking.
Do not reuse contaminated clothing; wash or dispose of it properly.
Identifiers of Benzonitrile:
CAS number: 100-47-0
EC index number: 608-012-00-3
EC number: 202-855-7
Hill Formula: C₇H₅N
Chemical formula: C₆H₅CN
Molar Mass: 103.12 g/mol
HS Code: 2926 90 70
Quality Level: MQ200
CAS Number: 100-47-0
3DMet: B01115
ChEBI: CHEBI:27991
ChEMBL: ChEMBL15819
ChemSpider: 7224
ECHA InfoCard: 100.002.596
EC Number: 202-855-7
KEGG: C09814
PubChem CID: 7505
RTECS number: DI2450000
UNII: 9V9APP5H5S
UN number: 2224
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID7021491
InChI: InChI=1S/C7H5N/c8-6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5H
Key: JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C7H5N/c8-6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5H
Key: JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYAY
SMILES: N#Cc1ccccc1
Properties of Benzonitrile:
Chemical formula: C6H5(CN)
Molar mass: 103.12 g/mol
Density: 1.0 g/ml
Melting point: −13 °C (9 °F; 260 K)
Boiling point: 188 to 191 °C (370 to 376 °F; 461 to 464 K)
Solubility in water: <0.5 g/100 ml (22 °C)
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): -65.19·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD): 1.5280
Molecular Weight: 103.12
XLogP3: 1.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 103.042199164
Monoisotopic Mass: 103.042199164
Topological Polar Surface Area: 23.8 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 8
Complexity: 103
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Quality Level: 100
Grade: anhydrous
Assay: ≥99%
Form: liquid
Expl. lim.: 0.34-6.3 %
Impurities:
<0.003% water
<0.005% water (100 mL pkg)
Evapn. residue: <0.0003%
Refractive index:n20/D 1.528 (lit.)
bp: 191 °C (lit.)
mp: −13 °C (lit.)
SMILES string: N#Cc1ccccc1
InChI: 1S/C7H5N/c8-6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5H
InChI key: JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: -14.00 to -12.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 191.00 to 193.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.768000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C.
Flash Point: 159.00 °F. TCC ( 70.56 °C. )
logP (o/w): 1.560
Shelf Life: 12.00 month(s) or longer if stored properly.
Specifications of Benzonitrile:
Assay (GC, area%): ≥ 99.0 % (a/a)
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C): 1.004 - 1.005
Identity (IR): passes test
Names of Benzonitrile:
Preferred IUPAC name:
Benzonitrile
Systematic IUPAC name:
Benzenecarbonitrile
Other names:
cyanobenzene
phenyl cyanide
