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POLOXAMER(POLOKSAMER/PLURONIC)

POLOXAMER (POLOKSAMER/PLURONIC)
 
CAS NO : 9003-11-6

SYNONYMS: 

Poloxamer; Poloksamer; 9003-11-6;Poloxamer;Poloksamer; Poloksamer;  Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol); Pluronic; Pluronıc; Poloksamer-pluronıc; Poloksamer-pluronic; Poloxamer;pluronic; poloxamer;pluronıc; poloxamer-pluronic; poloxamer-pluronıc; alpha-Hydro-omega-hydroxypoly(oxyethylene)a-poly(oxopropylene)b-poly(oxyethylene) block copolymer; Oxirane; methyl-; polymer with oxirane; Oxirane; methyl-; polymer with; oxirane; block; Pluronic F 38; Pluronic F108; Pluronic F127; Pluronic F68; Pluronic F77; Pluronic L44; Pluronic L62; Pluronic L64; Pluronic P103; Pluronic P104; Pluronic P105; Poloksamer-101;  poloksamer- 105;  Poloksamer- 108;  Poloxamer- 122; Poloksamer- 123; Poloksamer- 124; Poloksamer-181; Poloksamer-182; Poloksamer-183; Poloxamer- 184; Poloksamer-185; Poloksamer- 188; Poloxamer- 212; Poloksamer-215; Poloksamer-; Poloksamer-217 Poloksamer- 234; Poloksamer- 235; Poloksamer- 237; Poloksamer-238; Poloksamer-282; Poloksamer-284; PPoloksamer-r 288; Poloxamer- 331; Poloxamer- 333; Poloxamer- 334; Poloksamer-335; Poloxamer- 338; Poloksamer-401; Poloksamer-402; Poloksamer- 402; Poloxamer-s Poloxamer- 101; Poloxamer- 105; Poloxamer- 108; Poloxamer- 122; Poloxamer- 123; Poloxamer- 124; Poloxamer- 181; Poloxamer- 182; Poloxamer- 183; Poloxamer- 184; Poloxamer- 185; Poloxamer- 188; Poloxamer- 212; Poloxamer; Poloksamer; 9003-11-6;Poloxamer;Poloksamer; Poloksamer;  Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol); Pluronic; Pluronıc; Poloksamer-pluronıc; Poloksamer-pluronic; Poloxamer;pluronic; poloxamer;pluronıc; poloxamer-pluronic; poloxamer-pluronıc; alpha-Hydro-omega-hydroxypoly(oxyethylene)a-poly(oxopropylene)b-poly(oxyethylene) block copolymer Poloxamer- 215; Poloxamer- 217; Poloxamer- 231; Ethylene glycol-propylene glycol block ; Ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymer dipropylene glycol ;  oxide block copolymer ether with ethylene glycol; Ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block polymer; Poloxamer- 234; Poloxamer- 235; Poloxamer- 237; Poloxamer- 238; Poloxamer- 282; Poloxamer- 284; Poloxamer- 288; Poloxamer- 331; Poloxamer- 333; Poloxamer- 334; Poloxamer- 335; Poloxamer- 338; Ethylene glycol-propylene glycol block ; Ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymer dipropylene glycol ;  oxide block copolymer ether with ethylene glycol; Ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block polymer; Poloxamer- 401; Poloxamer- 402; Poloxamer- 403; Poloxamer- 407; Poloxamer- 105; Pluronic P123; Pluronic P65; Pluronic P84; Pluronic P85; Poloxamer-188; Tergitol XH; Ethylene glycol-propylene glycol block ; Ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymer dipropylene glycol ;  oxide block copolymer ether with ethylene glycol; Ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block polymer; F 108; F 127; F 77; F 87; F 88; Lutrol F; Methyloxirane polymer with oxirane block; P 103; P 104; P 105; P 123; P 65; P 84; P 85; Pluracare; Pluronic; Pluronic L 61; Poloxamer; Poloxamer 188; Polyoxamer 108; Polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene block copolymer; Propylene oxide ethylene oxide block polymer; Slovanik M-640; Tergitol nonionic XH; (Poloksamer(Pluronic)101;  poloksamer(Pluronic) 105;  Poloksamer(Pluronic) 108;  Poloxamer(Pluronic) 122; Poloksamer(Pluronic) 123; Poloksamer(Pluronic) 124; Poloksamer(Pluronic)181; Poloksamer(Pluronic)182; Poloksamer(Pluronic)183; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 184; Poloksamer(Pluronic)185; Poloksamer(Pluronic) 188; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 212; Poloksamer(Pluronic)215; Poloksamer(Pluronic); Poloksamer(Pluronic)217 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 234; Poloksamer(Pluronic) 235; Poloksamer(Pluronic) 237; Poloksamer(Pluronic)238; Poloksamer(Pluronic)282; Poloksamer(Pluronic)284; PPoloksamer(Pluronic)r 288; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 331; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 333; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 334; Poloksamer(Pluronic)335; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338; Poloksamer(Pluronic)401; Poloksamer(Pluronic)402; Poloksamer(Pluronic) 402; Poloxamer(Pluronic)s Poloxamer(Pluronic) 101; Poloxamer; Poloksamer; 9003-11-6;Poloxamer;Poloksamer; Poloksamer;  Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol); Pluronic; Pluronıc; Poloksamer-pluronıc; Poloksamer-pluronic; Poloxamer;pluronic; poloxamer;pluronıc; poloxamer-pluronic; poloxamer-pluronıc; alpha-Hydro-omega-hydroxypoly(oxyethylene)a-poly(oxopropylene)b-poly(oxyethylene) block copolymer; Oxirane; methyl-; polymer with oxirane; Oxirane; methyl-; polymer with; oxirane; block; Pluronic F 38; Pluronic F108; Pluronic F127; Pluronic F68; Pluronic F77; Pluronic L44; Pluronic L62; Pluronic L64; Pluronic P103; Pluronic P104; Pluronic P105; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 105; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 108; Ethylene glycol-propylene glycol block ; Ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymer dipropylene glycol ;  oxide block copolymer ether with ethylene glycol; Poloxamer; Poloksamer; 9003-11-6;Poloxamer;Poloksamer; Poloksamer;  Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol); Pluronic; Pluronıc; Poloksamer-pluronıc; Poloksamer-pluronic; Poloxamer;pluronic; poloxamer;pluronıc; poloxamer-pluronic; poloxamer-pluronıc; alpha-Hydro-omega-hydroxypoly(oxyethylene)a-poly(oxopropylene)b-poly(oxyethylene) block copolymerEthylene oxide-propylene oxide block polymer; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 122; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 123; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 124; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 181; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 182; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 183; Ethylene glycol-propylene glycol block ; Ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymer dipropylene glycol ;  oxide block copolymer ether with ethylene glycol; Ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block polymer; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 184; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 185; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 212; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 215; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 217; Poloxamer; Poloksamer; 9003-11-6;Poloxamer;Poloksamer; Poloksamer;  Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol); Pluronic; Pluronıc; Poloksamer-pluronıc; Poloxamer; Poloksamer; 9003-11-6;Poloxamer;Poloksamer; Poloksamer;  Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol); Pluronic; Pluronıc; Poloksamer-pluronıc; Poloksamer-pluronic; Poloxamer;pluronic; poloxamer;pluronıc; poloxamer-pluronic; poloxamer-pluronıc; alpha-Hydro-omega-hydroxypoly(oxyethylene)a-poly(oxopropylene)b-poly(oxyethylene) block copolymerPoloksamer-pluronic; Poloxamer;pluronic; poloxamer;pluronıc; poloxamer-pluronic; poloxamer-pluronıc; alpha-Hydro-omega-hydroxypoly(oxyethylene)a-poly(oxopropylene)b-poly(oxyethylene) block copolymer Poloxamer(Pluronic) 231; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 234; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 235; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 237; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 238; Poloxamer; Poloksamer; 9003-11-6;Poloxamer;Poloksamer; Poloksamer;  Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol); Pluronic; Pluronıc; Poloksamer-pluronıc; Poloksamer-pluronic; Poloxamer;pluronic; poloxamer;pluronıc; poloxamer-pluronic; poloxamer-pluronıc; alpha-Hydro-omega-hydroxypoly(oxyethylene)a-poly(oxopropylene)b-poly(oxyethylene) block copolymerPoloxamer(Pluronic) 282; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 284; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 288; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 331; Ethylene glycol-propylene glycol block ; Ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymer dipropylene glycol ;  oxide block copolymer ether with ethylene glycol; Ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block polymer;  Poloxamer(Pluronic) 333; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 334; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 335; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 401; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 402; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 403; and Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 105; Poloxamer; Poloksamer; 9003-11-6;Poloxamer;Poloksamer; Poloksamer;  Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol); Pluronic; Pluronıc; Poloksamer-pluronıc; Poloksamer-pluronic; Poloxamer;pluronic; poloxamer;pluronıc; poloxamer-pluronic; poloxamer-pluronıc; alpha-Hydro-omega-hydroxypoly(oxyethylene)a-poly(oxopropylene)b-poly(oxyethylene) block copolymer; 
 
POLOKSAMER (POLOXAMER,PLURONIC)
 
Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler, iki hidrofilik polioksietilen (poli (etilen oksit)) zinciriyle çevrili merkezi bir hidrofobik polioksipropilen (poli (propilen oksit)) zincirinden oluşan kopolimerlerdir. Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler noniyonik triblok kopolimerlerdir. Poloksamer(Pluronic) kelimesi, 1973 yılında bu malzemeler için patent alan mucit Irving Schmolka tarafından icat edildi. Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler ayrıca Synperonics, Pluronic,  ve Kolliphor ticari isimleriyle de bilinir. Polimer blokların uzunlukları özelleştirilebildiğinden, biraz farklı özelliklere sahip birçok farklı Poloksamer(Pluronic) mevcuttur. . Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler (Poloksamer(Pluronic)101, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 105, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 108, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 122, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 123, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 124, Poloksamer(Pluronic)181, Poloksamer(Pluronic)182, Poloksamer(Pluronic)183, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 184, Poloksamer(Pluronic)185, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 188, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 212, Poloksamer(Pluronic)215, Poloksamer(Pluronic), Poloksamer(Pluronic)217 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 234, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 235, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 237, Poloksamer(Pluronic)238, Poloksamer(Pluronic)282, Poloksamer(Pluronic)284, PPoloksamer(Pluronic)r 288, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 331, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 333, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 334, Poloksamer(Pluronic)335, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338, Poloksamer(Pluronic)401, Poloksamer(Pluronic)402, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 402 Benzoat, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 182 Dibenzoat), bir polioksietilen bloğundan, ardından bir polioksipropilen bloğundan, ardından bir polioksietilen bloğundan yapılmış polimerlerdir.  Genel terim Poloksamer(Pluronic) için, bu kopolimerler genellikle P harfiyle (Poloksamer(Pluronic) için) ve ardından üç rakamla adlandırılır: 100 ile çarpılan ilk iki rakam, polioksipropilen çekirdeğin yaklaşık moleküler kütlesini verir ve 10 ile çarpılan son rakam, yüzde polioksietilen içeriği (örneğin, P407 = 4000 g / mo'luk bir polioksipropilen moleküler kütlesi ve% 70 polioksietilen içeriği olan Poloksamer(Pluronic)). Poloksamer(Pluronic) Pluronic ve Synperonic ticari adları için, bu kopolimerlerin kodlanması, oda sıcaklığında fiziksel formunu tanımlayan bir harfle başlar (L = sıvı, P = macun, F = pul (katı)) ve ardından iki veya üç rakam, İlk rakam ( üç basamaklı bir sayıdaki iki basamak), 300 ile çarpılan sayısal atamada hidrofobun yaklaşık moleküler ağırlığını gösterir; ve son rakam x 10, polioksietilen içeriği yüzdesini verir (örneğin, L61, 1800 g / mol'lük bir polioksipropilen moleküler kütlesini ve% 10'luk bir polioksietilen içeriğini belirtir). Verilen örnekte, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 181 (P181) = Pluronic L61 ve Synperonic PE / L 61. Poloksamer(Pluronic) Poloksamer(Pluronic)101, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 105, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 108, Poloksamer(Pluronic)122, Poloksamer(Pluronic)123, Poloksamer(Pluronic)124, Poloksamer(Pluronic)181, Poloksamer(Pluronic)182, Poloksamer(Pluronic)183, Poloksamer(Pluronic)184, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 185, Poloksamer(Pluronic)188, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 212, Poloksamer(Pluronic)215, Poloksamer(Pluronic)217'nin değerlendirilmesi , Poloksamer(Pluronic) 234, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 235, Poloksamer(Pluronic)237, Poloksamer(Pluronic)238, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 282, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 284, Poloksamer(Pluronic)288, Poloksamer(Pluronic)331, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 333, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 334, Poloksamer(Pluronic)335, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 401, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 402, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 402 Kozmetiklerde Kullanılan Poloksamer(Pluronic) 105 Benzoate ve Poloksamer(Pluronic) Dibenzoate. Poloksamer(Pluronic) solüsyonlarının önemli bir özelliği, sıcaklığa bağlı kendiliğinden birleşme ve ısıyla jelleşme davranışlarıdır. Poloksamer(Pluronic)lerin konsantre sulu çözeltileri, düşük sıcaklıkta sıvıdır ve tersine çevrilebilir bir işlemde daha yüksek sıcaklıkta bir jel oluşturur. Bu sistemlerde meydana gelen geçişler, polimer bileşimine (moleküler ağırlık ve hidrofilik / hidrofobik molar oran) bağlıdır.
Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler, emülsiyon haline getirilecek maddelerin yüzey gerilimini azaltarak emülsiyonlar oluşturmaya yardımcı olur ve diğer bileşenlerin normalde çözünmeyecekleri bir çözücü içinde çözünmesine yardımcı olur. Suyun yağ ve kir ile karışmasına yardımcı olarak cildi ve saçı da temizler, böylece durulanabilir. Poloksamer(Pluronic) 188, mikroorganizmaları öldürür veya büyümelerini ve çoğalmalarını önler veya inhibe eder. Poloxamer(Pluronic) 182 Dibenzoat, cilt yüzeyinde kayganlaştırıcı görevi görerek cilde yumuşak ve pürüzsüz bir görünüm kazandırır.

. Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler (Poloksamer(Pluronic)101, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 105, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 108, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 122, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 123, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 124, Poloksamer(Pluronic)181, Poloksamer(Pluronic)182, Poloksamer(Pluronic)183, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 184, Poloksamer(Pluronic)185, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 188, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 212, Poloksamer(Pluronic)215, Poloksamer(Pluronic), Poloksamer(Pluronic)217 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 234, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 235, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 237, Poloksamer(Pluronic)238, Poloksamer(Pluronic)282, Poloksamer(Pluronic)284, PPoloksamer(Pluronic)r 288, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 331, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 333, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 334, Poloksamer(Pluronic)335, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338, Poloksamer(Pluronic)401, Poloksamer(Pluronic)402, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 402 Benzoat, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 182 Dibenzoat), bir polioksietilen bloğundan, ardından bir polioksipropilen bloğundan, ardından bir polioksietilen bloğundan yapılmış polimerlerdir. Düşük sıcaklıklarda ve konsantrasyonlarda (kritik misel sıcaklığının ve kritik misel konsantrasyonunun altında), çözelti içinde ayrı blok Poloksamer(Pluronic) kopolimerler (unimerler) mevcuttur. Bu değerlerin üzerinde, miselleştirme adı verilen bir süreçte tek tek unimerlerin toplanması meydana gelir. Bu agregasyon, polimer konsantrasyonu veya sıcaklık arttıkça giderek daha az çözünür hale gelen hidrofobik polioksipropilen bloğunun dehidrasyonu tarafından yönlendirilir. Poloksamer(Pluronic) PPO bloklarının çözücü ile etkileşimlerini en aza indirmek için birkaç unimerin toplanması gerçekleşir. Bu nedenle, agregaların çekirdeği çözünmez bloklardan (polioksipropilen) yapılırken, çözünür kısım (polioksietilen) misellerin kabuğunu oluşturur. Tükürük proteinlerinden Lizozim ve Laktoferrin içeren bir preparatın küçük çocuklarda diş çürüklerinin önlenmesi için bir çözüm getirebileceği düşünülmüş, Poloksamer(Pluronic) taşıyıcı sistemler kullanılarak geliştirilen yeni bir formulasyonun topikal uygulamalarının ağız hastalıklarının tedavisinde etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Bu nedenle, Lizozim, Laktoferrin ve taşıyıcı sistem olarak Pluronic F-127 isimli Poloksamer(Pluronic) kullanılan, diş çürüğüne neden olduğu bilinen Streptococcus sobrinus, Streptococcus mutans ve Lactobacillus acidophilus bakteri suşları üzerindeki antibakteriyel etkileri kanıtlanmış farklı formulasyonlar geliştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yeni geliştirilmiş bu formulasyonların biyouyumluluklarının klorheksidin jel ile karşılaştırmalı olarak in vitro koşullarda değerlendirilmesidir. Poloksamer(Pluronic) Poloksamer(Pluronic)101, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 105, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 108, Poloksamer(Pluronic)122, Poloksamer(Pluronic)123, Poloksamer(Pluronic)124, Poloksamer(Pluronic)181, Poloksamer(Pluronic)182, Poloksamer(Pluronic)183, Poloksamer(Pluronic)184, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 185, Poloksamer(Pluronic)188, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 212, Poloksamer(Pluronic)215, Poloksamer(Pluronic)217'nin değerlendirilmesi , Poloksamer(Pluronic) 234, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 235, Poloksamer(Pluronic)237, Poloksamer(Pluronic)238, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 282, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 284, Poloksamer(Pluronic)288, Poloksamer(Pluronic)331, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 333, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 334, Poloksamer(Pluronic)335, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 401, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 402, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 402 Kozmetiklerde Kullanılan Poloksamer(Pluronic) 105 Benzoate ve Poloksamer(Pluronic) Dibenzoate. Çalışmamızda kullanılan formulasyonlar: (1) pH:5.0 Sorensen's Tampon Çözeltisi, (2) %20 a/h Poloksamer(Pluronic) 407 jel, (3) %10 a/h Poloksamer(Pluronic) 407 jel, (4) Lizozim ve Laktoferrinin %20 konsantrasyondaki Poloksamer(Pluronic) 407 ile birleştirilmesiyle, (5) 4. grubun MİK değeri olacak şekilde Lizozim ve Laktoferrinin %10 konsantrasyondaki Poloksamer(Pluronic) 407 ile birleştirilmesiyle, (6) Sorensen's Çözeltisi (pH:7.0) negatif kontrol olarak, (7) Lizozim ve Laktoferrin tamponda (Sorensen's Çözeltisi pH:5.0) çözdürülerek yedi grup olarak hazırlanmıştır. Genel CAS No. 9003-11-6 tüm Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler için geçerlidir. Poloksamer(Pluronic) 105 Benzoate ve Poloksamer(Pluronic) 182 Dibenzoate CAS numarası yok. Bu polimerler sentetik bloktur etilen oksit ve propilen oksit kopolimerleri. Tıp ve araştırma uygulamalarında, genellikle bir Poloxamer(Pluronic) ticari adı olan blok polimerler olarak anılırlar.
Poloksamer(Pluronic) xa ya za Pluronic no.b                                        
Poloksamer(Pluronic) 101 2 16 2 L-31         Poloksamer(Pluronic) 105 11 16 11 L-35 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 108 46 16 46 F-38
Poloksamer(Pluronic) 122 5 21 5 —             Poloksamer(Pluronic) 123 7 21 7 L-43     Poloksamer(Pluronic) 124 11 21 11 L-44    Poloksamer(Pluronic) 181 3 30 3 L-61          Poloksamer(Pluronic) 182 8 30 8 L-62     Poloksamer(Pluronic) 183 10 30 10 —
Poloksamer(Pluronic) 184 13 30 13 —        Poloksamer(Pluronic) 185 19 30 19 —    Poloksamer(Pluronic) 188 75 30 75 F-68
Poloksamer(Pluronic) 212 8 35 8 —             Poloksamer(Pluronic) 215 24 35 24        Poloksamer(Pluronic) 217 52 35 52 F-77
Poloksamer(Pluronic) 231 6 39 6 L-81          Poloksamer(Pluronic) 234 22 39 22 P-84  Poloksamer(Pluronic) 235 27 39 27 P-85
Poloksamer(Pluronic) 237 62 39 62 F-77      Poloksamer(Pluronic) 238 97 39 97 F-87
Poloksamer(Pluronic) 282 10 47 10 L-92      Poloksamer(Pluronic) 284 21 47 21 — Poloksamer(Pluronic) 288 122 47 122 F-98
Poloksamer(Pluronic) 331 7 54 7 L-101        Poloksamer(Pluronic) 333 20 54 20 P-103  Poloksamer(Pluronic) 334 31 54 31 P-104   Poloksamer(Pluronic) 335 38 54 38 P-105  Poloksamer(Pluronic) 338 128 54 128 F-108  Poloksamer(Pluronic) 401 6 67 6 L-121
Poloksamer(Pluronic) 402 13 67 13 —           Poloksamer(Pluronic) 403 21 67 21 P-123
Poloksamer(Pluronic) 407 98 67 98 F-127


Daha çok polaksamer olarak adlandırılır. Orta blok hidrofobik olduğundan ve iki uç blok hidrofilik olduğundan, Poloksamer(Pluronic), polimer yüzey aktif madde olarak davranır. Polaksamer noniyonik polimer yüzey aktif madde olarak kullanılır. Polaksamerler köpük önleyici maddeler, ıslatıcı maddeler, dağıtıcılar, koyulaştırıcılar ve emülgatörler olarak işlev görebilirler. Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler, iki hidrofilik polioksietilen (poli (etilen oksit)) zinciriyle çevrili merkezi bir hidrofobik polioksipropilen (poli (propilen oksit)) zincirinden oluşan kopolimerlerdir. Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler noniyonik triblok kopolimerlerdir. Poloksamer(Pluronic) kelimesi, 1973 yılında bu malzemeler için patent alan mucit Irving Schmolka tarafından icat edildi. Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler ayrıca Synperonics, Pluronic,  ve Kolliphor ticari isimleriyle de bilinir. Polimer blokların uzunlukları özelleştirilebildiğinden, biraz farklı özelliklere sahip birçok farklı Poloksamer(Pluronic) mevcuttur. Genel terim Poloksamer(Pluronic) için, bu kopolimerler genellikle P harfiyle (Poloksamer(Pluronic) için) ve ardından üç rakamla adlandırılır: 100 ile çarpılan ilk iki rakam, polioksipropilen çekirdeğin yaklaşık moleküler kütlesini verir ve 10 ile çarpılan son rakam, yüzde polioksietilen içeriği (örneğin, P407 = 4000 g / mo'luk bir polioksipropilen moleküler kütlesi ve% 70 polioksietilen içeriği olan Poloksamer(Pluronic)). Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler  (, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 212, Poloksamer(Pluronic)215, Poloksamer(Pluronic), Poloksamer(Pluronic)217 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 234, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 235, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 237, Poloksamer(Pluronic)238, Poloksamer(Pluronic)282, Poloksamer(Pluronic)284, PPoloksamer(Pluronic)r 288, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 331, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 333, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 334, Poloksamer(Pluronic)335, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338, Poloksamer(Pluronic)401, Poloksamer(Pluronic)402, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 402 Benzoat, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 182 Dibenzoat)Poloksamer(Pluronic)101Poloksamer(Pluronic) 105, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 108, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 122, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 123, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 124, Poloksamer(Pluronic)181, Poloksamer(Pluronic)182, Poloksamer(Pluronic)183, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 184, Poloksamer(Pluronic)185, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 188, bir polioksietilen bloğundan, ardından bir polioksipropilen bloğundan, ardından bir polioksietilen bloğundan yapılmış iki hidrofilik polioksietilen (poli (etilen oksit)) zinciriyle çevrili merkezi bir hidrofobik polioksipropilen (poli (propilen oksit)) zincirinden oluşan kopolimerlerdir.Polaksamer noniyonik polimer yüzey aktif madde olarak kullanılır. Polaksamerler köpük önleyici maddeler, ıslatıcı maddeler, dağıtıcılar, koyulaştırıcılar ve emülgatörler olarak işlev görebilirler. 


Faz geçişleri, tuzlar ve alkoller gibi katkı maddelerinin kullanımından da büyük ölçüde etkilenebilir. Tuzlarla etkileşimler, su yapısı yapıcıları (tuzlama) veya su yapısı kırıcıları (tuzlama) olarak hareket etme yetenekleriyle ilgilidir. Tuzsuz tuzlar, hidrojen bağı yoluyla suyun kendi kendine hidrasyonunu arttırır ve kopolimerlerin hidrasyonunu azaltır, böylece kritik misel sıcaklığını ve kritik misel konsantrasyonunu azaltır. Tuzlama elektrolitleri suyun kendi kendine hidrasyonunu azaltır ve polimer hidrasyonunu artırır, bu nedenle kritik misel sıcaklığını ve kritik misel konsantrasyonunu artırır. Farklı tuzlar, Hofmeister serisi tarafından 'tuzlama' güçlerine göre sınıflandırılmıştır. Tüm bu geçişleri karakterize eden farklı faz diyagramları, çok çeşitli deneysel teknikler (örneğin SAXS, Diferansiyel tarama kalorimetrisi, viskozite ölçümleri, ışık saçılımı) kullanılarak çoğu Poloksamer(Pluronic) için oluşturulmuştur.
Poloksamer(Pluronic)lerin, membranların mikro viskozitesini etkileyen hücresel membranlara dahil oldukları gösterilmiştir. Polimerler, hücre tarafından bir miselden ziyade bir unimer olarak emildiğinde en büyük etkiye sahip gibi görünmektedir. "Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler, iki hidrofilik polioksietilen zinciri ile çevrili merkezi bir hidrofobik polioksipropilen zincirinden oluşan noniyonik triblok kopolimerlerdir. "Poloksamer(Pluronic)" kelimesi, 1973 yılında Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler için patent alan mucit Irving Schmolka tarafından icat edildi. Poloksamer(Pluronic) Poloksamer(Pluronic)101, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 105, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 108, Poloksamer(Pluronic)122, Poloksamer(Pluronic)123, Poloksamer(Pluronic)124, Poloksamer(Pluronic)181, Poloksamer(Pluronic)182, Poloksamer(Pluronic)183, Poloksamer(Pluronic)184, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 185, Poloksamer(Pluronic)188, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 212, Poloksamer(Pluronic)215, Poloksamer(Pluronic)217'nin değerlendirilmesi , Poloksamer(Pluronic) 234, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 235, Poloksamer(Pluronic)237, Poloksamer(Pluronic)238, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 282, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 284, Poloksamer(Pluronic)288, Poloksamer(Pluronic)331, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 333, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 334, Poloksamer(Pluronic)335, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 401, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 402, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 402 Kozmetiklerde Kullanılan Poloksamer(Pluronic) 105 Benzoate ve Poloksamer(Pluronic) Dibenzoate.Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler ayrıca Pluronics ticari adlarıyla da bilinirler. Sudaki konsantre Poloksamer(Pluronic) çözeltileri, misel mekanizma tarafından ısıyla tersine çevrilebilir sol-jel geçişine uğrar.115 Ticari Poloksamer(Pluronic) 407'nin ısıya duyarlı sol-jelleri, ağrı yönetimi, enfeksiyon tedavisi, doğurganlık gibi kısa süreli tedavilerde kullanım için önerilmiştir. Poloksamer(Pluronic) Poloksamer(Pluronic) 407 çözeltileri (-% 25), 25 ° C'nin altındaki viskoz sıvılardır; vücut sıcaklığında yarı katı bir jel oluştururlar. Poloksamer(Pluronic) Zayıf mekanik mukavemet, vücut sıvılarında nispeten yüksek çözünürlük ve biyolojik olarak parçalanmama, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 407'nin hücre iletim sistemlerinde kullanımının önündeki ana engellerdir. Poloksamer(Pluronic) "blokları" arasındaki karbonat bağlantısının eklenmesi ve Poloksamer(Pluronic)lerin daha yüksek moleküler kütleli yapılara bağlanması118, bu dezavantajların üstesinden gelmek için denendi. Poloksamer(Pluronic), poli (etilen oksit) -poli (propilen oksit) -poli (etiyelen oksit) triblok kopolimerden (PEO-PPO-PEO) oluşan amfifilik bir blok kopolimerdir.
 Poloksamer(Pluronic)lerin, kanser dışı hücrelere kıyasla bu hücrelerin zarlarındaki farklılıklar nedeniyle, tercihli olarak kanser hücrelerini hedeflediği gösterilmiştir. Poloksamer(Pluronic)lerin ayrıca MDR proteinlerini ve kanser hücrelerinin yüzeyindeki diğer ilaç dışa akış taşıyıcılarını inhibe ettiği gösterilmiştir; MDR proteinleri, ilaçların hücrelerden dışarı akışından sorumludur ve bu nedenle polaksemerler kanser hücrelerinin doksorubisin gibi kemoterapötik maddelere duyarlılığını arttırır.
Poloksamer(Pluronic)lerin ayrıca proto-apoptotik sinyali geliştirdiği, MDR hücrelerinde anti-apoptoik savunmayı azalttığı, glutatyon / glutatyon S-transferaz detoksifikasyon sistemini inhibe ettiği, sitokrom C'nin salınımını indüklediği, sitoplazmada reaktif oksijen türlerini artırdığı ve ortadan kaldırdığı gösterilmiştir. sitoplazmik veziküller içinde ilaç sekestrasyonu. 

P85 gibi belirli Poloksamer(Pluronic)lerin sadece hedef genleri hedef hücrelere taşıyabildikleri değil, aynı zamanda gen ekspresyonunu da arttırdıkları gösterilmiştir. P85 ve L61 gibi bazı Poloksamer(Pluronic)lerin de NF kappaB genlerinin transkripsiyonunu uyardığı gösterilmiştir, ancak bunun gerçekleştirildiği mekanizma şu anda bilinmemekle birlikte, P85'in inhibe edici kappanın fosforilasyonunu indüklediği gösterilmiştir. Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler, etilen oksit bloğu (EO) ve propilen oksit (PO) (OEx – POy – OEx) zincirlerinin oluşturduğu büyük bir kopolimer yüzey aktif madde grubunu içeren noniyonik bileşiklerdir.Poloksamer(Pluronic) Poloksamer(Pluronic)101, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 105, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 108, Poloksamer(Pluronic)122, Poloksamer(Pluronic)123, Poloksamer(Pluronic)124, Poloksamer(Pluronic)181, Poloksamer(Pluronic)182, Poloksamer(Pluronic)183, Poloksamer(Pluronic)184, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 185, Poloksamer(Pluronic)188, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 212, Poloksamer(Pluronic)215, Poloksamer(Pluronic)217'nin değerlendirilmesi , Poloksamer(Pluronic) 234, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 235, Poloksamer(Pluronic)237, Poloksamer(Pluronic)238, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 282, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 284, Poloksamer(Pluronic)288, Poloksamer(Pluronic)331, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 333, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 334, Poloksamer(Pluronic)335, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 401, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 402, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 402 Kozmetiklerde Kullanılan Poloksamer(Pluronic) 105 Benzoate ve Poloksamer(Pluronic) Dibenzoate.
"Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler, iki hidrofilik polioksietilen zinciri ile çevrili merkezi bir hidrofobik polioksipropilen zincirinden oluşan noniyonik triblok kopolimerlerdir. "Poloksamer(Pluronic)" kelimesi, 1973 yılında Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler için patent alan mucit Irving Schmolka tarafından icat edildi. Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler ayrıca Pluronics ticari adlarıyla da bilinirler. Sudaki konsantre Poloksamer(Pluronic) çözeltileri, misel mekanizma tarafından ısıyla tersine çevrilebilir sol-jel geçişine uğrar.115 Ticari Poloksamer(Pluronic) 407'nin ısıya duyarlı sol-jelleri, ağrı yönetimi, enfeksiyon tedavisi, doğurganlık gibi kısa süreli tedavilerde kullanım için önerilmiştir.Poloksamer(Pluronic) 407 çözeltileri (-% 25), 25 ° C'nin altındaki viskoz sıvılardır; vücut sıcaklığında yarı katı bir jel oluştururlar. Poloksamer(Pluronic) Zayıf mekanik mukavemet, vücut sıvılarında nispeten yüksek çözünürlük ve biyolojik olarak parçalanmama, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 407'nin hücre iletim sistemlerinde kullanımının önündeki ana engellerdir. Poloksamer(Pluronic) "blokları" arasındaki karbonat bağlantısının eklenmesi ve Poloksamer(Pluronic)lerin daha yüksek moleküler kütleli yapılara bağlanması118, bu dezavantajların üstesinden gelmek için denendi. Poloksamer(Pluronic), poli (etilen oksit) -poli (propilen oksit) -poli (etiyelen oksit) triblok kopolimerden (PEO-PPO-PEO) oluşan amfifilik bir blok kopolimerdir.
Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler, ABA tipi triblok yapıya sahip başka bir ısıya duyarlı hidrojel türüdür. Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler, toksik olmadığı bildirildiğinden ve 25 ° C'de ağırlıkça% 20'lik bir konsantrasyonda jeller oluşturabildiğinden ilaç dağıtımı için yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır . Bununla birlikte, Poloksamer(Pluronic) uygulamaları, tamamen fiziksel çapraz bağlanmadan kaynaklanan zayıf mekanik özellikleri nedeniyle büyük ölçüde sınırlıdır. Bu jeller, düşük viskozite ve çok yüksek geçirgenlikler ile karakterize edilir Dahası Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler vücutta sıcaklık LCST'nin üzerine çıktığında anında jelleşirken, sulu çözeltilerle karıştırıldıklarında yapısal bütünlüklerini kaybederler ve bu da onları ilaç verme amaçları için uygun hale getirmez Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler (Poloksamer(Pluronic)101, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 105, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 108, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 122, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 123, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 124, Poloksamer(Pluronic)181, Poloksamer(Pluronic)182, Poloksamer(Pluronic)183, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 184, Poloksamer(Pluronic)185, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 188, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 212, Poloksamer(Pluronic)215, Poloksamer(Pluronic), Poloksamer(Pluronic)217 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 234, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 235, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 237, Poloksamer(Pluronic)238, Poloksamer(Pluronic)282, Poloksamer(Pluronic)284, PPoloksamer(Pluronic)r 288, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 331, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 333, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 334, Poloksamer(Pluronic)335, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338, Poloksamer(Pluronic)401, Poloksamer(Pluronic)402, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 402 Benzoat, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 182  PNIPAAm polimerleri gibi, kimyasal olarak çapraz bağlanabilen Poloksamer(Pluronic)leri sentezleyerek bunları gelişmiş mekanik özelliklerle donatmak için çok çaba sarf edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler kimyasal yapıları nedeniyle, reaktif gruplar yalnızca zincir uçlarında bulunur, bu nedenle, kimyasal olarak çapraz bağlanabilen gruplar yalnızca üç blok zincirinin uçlarını kapatmak için kullanılabilir. Poloksamer(Pluronic)lerde iki ana tip çapraz bağlanabilir uç kapatma grubu vardır: metakrilat / akrilat ve etoksilsilan. Metakrilatlar / akrilatlar, metakriloil klorür / akriloil klorürün her iki uçtaki hidroksil gruplarıyla reaksiyona sokulmasıyla polimere bağlanabilir. Benzer şekilde, Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler (3-izosiyanato-propil) trietoksisilan, 2-etil-heksanoat katalizi altında hidroksil grupları ile reaksiyona girerek etoksisilan uç başlık gruplarını dahil etmek için kullanılabilir. Poloksamer(Pluronic)lerin bir diğer önemli özelliği, termojelleşme davranışlarıdır: aslında, bu polimerlerin bazılarının su dispersiyonları genellikle düşük sıcaklıklarda sıvı fazdadır, Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler ancak artan sıcaklıklarda güçlü bir jel haline gelir. Poloksamer(Pluronic) ısıyla tersinir jelin formülasyonu ve karakterizasyonu, polimerik mikropartiküller ve hyaluronik asit içerirFiziksel olarak çapraz bağlanmış jeller 142.5 ± 29.7 KPa'lık bir sıkıştırma modülü sergilerken, termal başlatıcı olarak metakrilatlanmış Poloksamer(Pluronic) ve amonyum persülfat (APS) kullanan radikal çapraz bağlı jeller üç kat daha serttir ve 415 ± 45.7 KPa'lık bir sıkıştırma modülü sergiler . Lizozim, daha yüksek mekanik özelliklere sahip diakrilatlı Poloksamer(Pluronic) hidrojellerin protein salım profilini test etmek için bir model protein olarak kullanılmıştır. Bu Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler, sıcaklık LCST'nin üzerine çıkarıldığında anında yarı katılaşmış bir fiziksel jel oluşturdu. Daha sonra bu Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler, UV'ye maruz kalma ile önceden karıştırılmış (4-Benzoilbenzil) trimetilamonyum klorür ile başlatılan foto çapraz bağlanmaya tabi tutuldu. Foto çapraz bağlama ile jeller yapısal bütünlüklerini bir aya kadar korumuştur. 
Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler, farklı moleküler ağırlıklarda ve PPO / PEO oranlarında bulunan poli (etilen oksit) (PEO) ve poli (propilen oksit) (PPO) 'nun triblok kopolimerleridir. Tek bir polimer zincirinde PEO ve PPO bloklarının varlığı, kendiliğinden birleşme özellikleri geniş bir faz davranışı aralığı sergileyen esasen amfifilik moleküllere Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler yol açar. Bu miseller ve sıvı kristal fazlar oluşturma yeteneği, büyük ölçüde sıcaklığa bağlıdır çünkü sıcaklığın artması, kritik misel konsantrasyonunu (CMC) azaltan kendi kendine birleşmeye izin verir. Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler (Poloksamer(Pluronic)101, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 105, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 108, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 122, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 123, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 124, Poloksamer(Pluronic)181, Poloksamer(Pluronic)182, Poloksamer(Pluronic)183, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 184, Poloksamer(Pluronic)185, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 188, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 212, Poloksamer(Pluronic)215, Poloksamer(Pluronic), Poloksamer(Pluronic)217 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 234, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 235, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 237, Poloksamer(Pluronic)238, Poloksamer(Pluronic)282, Poloksamer(Pluronic)284, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 288, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 331, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 333 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 334, Poloksamer(Pluronic)335, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 338, Poloksamer(Pluronic)401, Poloksamer(Pluronic)402, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 402 Benzoat, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 182 Dibenzoat), bir polioksietilen bloğundan, ardından bir polioksipropilen bloğundan, ardından bir polioksietilen bloğundan yapılmış polimerlerdir. Ortalama polioksietilen ve polioksipropilen birim sayısı, polimer ile ilişkili sayıya göre değişir. Örneğin, en küçük polimer olan Poloksamer(Pluronic) 101, ortalama 2 birim polioksietilen içeren bir blok, ortalama 16 birim polioksipropilen içeren bir blok ve ardından ortalama 2 birim polioksietilen içeren bir bloktan oluşur. Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler, renksiz sıvılar ve macunlardan beyaz katılara kadar çeşitlilik gösterir. Kozmetik ve kişisel bakım ürünlerinde Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler, cilt temizleyicileri, banyo ürünleri, şampuanlar, saç kremleri, gargaralar, göz makyajı temizleyicileri ve diğer cilt ve saç ürünlerinin formülasyonunda kullanılır. Ürün kategorisi Formülasyon sayısı Maksimum (Toplam formülasyon sayısı) İçerdiği bileşen konsantrasyonu (%) (FDA 2002) (FDA 2002) (CTFA 2004a) Poloksamer(Pluronic) 105 Saç kremleri (651) 5 - Tıraş kremi (134) 2 3 Toplam kullanım / Poloksamer(Pluronic) 105 7 için aralıklar 7 3 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 181 Nemlendiriciler (905) - 0,005 Diğer cilt bakımı müstahzarları (725) - 6 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 181 - 0,005–6 için toplam kullanımlar / aralıklar Diğer banyo preparatları (196) 1 Eyelinerler (548) 1 Rujlar (962) 1 Tıraş kremi (134) 1 Macun maskeleri / çamur paketleri (271) - 3 Diğer cilt bakımı müstahzarları (725) - 0.2 Güneş jeli, kremler ve sıvılar (131) - 6 Poloksamer(Pluronic) için toplam kullanım / aralık 182 4 0.2 –6 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 184 Diğer banyo müstahzarları (196) 11 0,4 Göz makyajı temizleyici (100) 9 0,03–0,04 Saç kremleri (651) 6 - Renksiz şampuanlar (884) 5 10 Makyaj sabitleyicileri (20) - 3 Diğer makyaj müstahzarları (201) 1 0,9 Cilt temizleme kremleri, losyonları vb. (775) 27 3–6 Vücut ve el kremleri, losyonlar vb. (840) 1 0,4 Nemlendiriciler (905) - 0,3 Diğer s akraba bakımı müstahzarları (725) 1 3 Güneş jeli, kremler, sıvılar (131) - 2 Kapalı bronzlaşma müstahzarları (71) 1 - Poloksamer(Pluronic) için toplam kullanım / aralıklar 184 62 0.03–10 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 185 Göz Losyonu (25) - 0.5–9 Göz makyaj temizleyici (100) - 2 Diğer Göz Makyajı Hazırlıkları (125) 1 - Macun Maskeleri (çamur paketleri) (271) 8 - Diğer cilt bakımı müstahzarları (725) - 0.5 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 185 9 0.5–9 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 188 Eye için toplam kullanım / aralıklar losyon (25) 1 - Kalıcı dalgalar (207) 6 - Cilt temizleme kremleri, losyonlar vb. (775) 3 1–2 Gece kremleri, losyonlar vb. (200) 1 - Diğer cilt bakımı müstahzarları (725) 1 2 İç mekan tabaklama preparatları (71) - 0.8 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 188 için toplam kullanımlar / aralıklar 12 0.8–2 (Tablo sonraki sayfada devam ediyor) 98 COMESTIC BİLEŞEN İNCELEME TABLOSU 4 Poloksamer(Pluronic)lerin kullanım sıklığı ve konsantrasyonu (Devamı). Ürün kategorisi Formülasyon sayısı Maksimum (Toplam formülasyon sayısı) içerik içeren kullanım konsantrasyonu (%) (FDA 2002) (FDA 2002) (CTFA 2004a) Poloksamer(Pluronic) 212 Diğer cilt bakımı preparatları (725) - 2 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 212 için toplam kullanımlar / aralıklar - 2 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 217 Diğer kişisel hijyen ürünleri (308) 2 - Poloksamer(Pluronic) 217 için toplam kullanım / aralıklar 2 - Poloksamer(Pluronic) 234 Renksiz şampuanlar (884) - 0,1 Saç toniği, pansumanlar vb. (598) - 0,3–2 Cilt temizleme kremleri, losyonları , vb. (775) - 0,5–10 Yüz ve boyun kremleri, losyonlar, vb. (310) - 0,5–1 Vücut ve el kremleri, losyonlar vb. (840) - 0,01 Nemlendiriciler (905) - 0,5 Diğer cilt bakımı müstahzarları (725) - 0.5 Diğer güneş müstahzarları (38) - 0.01 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 234 - 0.01–10 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 237 için toplam kullanım / aralıklar Göz makyajı temizleyici (100) 1 - Diş macunları (40) 1 - Ağız gargaraları ve nefes tazeleyiciler (46) 2 - Toplam Poloksamer(Pluronic) 237 için kullanımlar / aralıklar 4 - Poloksamer(Pluronic) 238 Diğer banyo müstahzarları (196) 1 - Vücut ve el kremleri, losyonlar, vb. (840) 2 - Ayak pudraları ve s dualar (35) 1 - Poloksamer(Pluronic) 238 için toplam kullanımlar / aralıklar 4 - Poloksamer(Pluronic) 333 Vücut ve el kremleri, losyonlar, vb. (840) - 1 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 333 - 1 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 334 Saç toniği, pansumanlar vb. için toplam kullanım / aralıklar ( 598) - 0.3 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 334 için toplam kullanımlar / aralıklar - 0.3 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 335 Ağız gargaraları ve nefes tazeleyiciler (46) 2 - Poloksamer(Pluronic) 335 2 - Poloksamer(Pluronic) 338 Ağız yıkama ve nefes tazeleyiciler için toplam kullanımlar / aralıklar (46) 2 - Poloksamer(Pluronic) için toplam kullanımlar / aralıklar 338 2 - Poloksamer(Pluronic) 401 Vücut ve el kremleri, losyonlar, vb. (840) 2 - Poloksamer(Pluronic) 401 için toplam kullanım / aralıklar 2 - Poloksamer(Pluronic) 407 Göz makyajı temizleyici (100) - 2 Kalıcı dalgalar (207) 2 - Diğer manikür preparatları (55 ) - 5 Diş macunları (40) - 12–20 Ağız gargaraları ve nefes tazeleyiciler (46) 18 0,3–1 (Tablo sonraki sayfada devam ediyor) POLOKSAMER(PLURONİC)S 99 TABLO 4 Poloksamer(Pluronic)lerin kullanım sıklığı ve konsantrasyonu (Devam). Ürün kategorisi Formülasyon sayısı Maksimum (Toplam formülasyon sayısı) içerik içeren kullanım konsantrasyonu (%) (FDA 2002) (FDA 2002) (CTFA 2004a) Diğer ağız hijyeni ürünleri (6) 1 - Koltuk altı deodorantları (247) 6 - Diğer kişisel hijyen ürünleri (308) 1 - Cilt temizleme kremleri, losyonlar vb. (775) - 9 Nemlendiriciler (905) - 1 Cilt tazeleyiciler (184) - 3 Diğer cilt bakımı müstahzarları (725) 3 - Poloksamer(Pluronic) 407 31 için toplam kullanım / aralıklar 0.3–20


Poloksamer(Pluronic)lerin bir diğer önemli özelliği, termojelleşme davranışlarıdır: aslında, bu polimerlerin bazılarının su dispersiyonları genellikle düşük sıcaklıklarda sıvı fazdadır, Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler ancak artan sıcaklıklarda güçlü bir jel haline gelir. Poloksamer(Pluronic) ısıyla tersinir jelin formülasyonu ve karakterizasyonu, polimerik mikropartiküller ve hyaluronik asit içerir. Polietilen-propilen glikol kopolimeri ile eşanlamlı olan Poloksamer(Pluronic) ve Supronic, Pluronic veya Tetronic ticari isimleri, iyonik olmayan bir triblok kopolimer olarak 1950 yılında piyasaya sürülmüştür. [1] O zamandan beri çeşitli farmasötik uygulamalarda çok ünlü bir şekilde kullanıldılar. Kimyasal olarak Poloksamer(Pluronic), a-Hidro-ω-hidroksipoli (oksietilen) bir poli (oksipropilen) b poli (oksietilen) bir blok kopolimerdir ve bir hidrofobik propilen oksit zincirini (PPO) sıkıştıran iki hidrofilik etilen oksit zincir zincirinden (PEO) oluşur bir kimyasal formül HO (C2H4O) a (C3H6O) b (C2H4O) aH verir, burada a ve b Tablo 1'de gösterilen değerlere sahiptir. Poloksamer(Pluronic) 124, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 188 olarak tanımlanan farklı polimerlere yol açan polimer blokların değişen uzunlukları Poloksamer(Pluronic) 237, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 338 ve Poloksamer(Pluronic) 407, özelliklerinde küçük bir fark gösterir.


POLOXAMER (POLOKSAMER/PLURONİC)

Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are nonionic triblock copolymers composed of a central hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene (poly(propylene oxide)) flanked by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene (poly(ethylene oxide)). The word Poloxamer(Pluronic) was coined by the inventor, Irving Schmolka, who received the patent for these materials in 1973.Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are also known by the trade names Synperonics, Pluronic, and Kolliphor.

Poloxamer(Pluronic) comes in many different forms and grades, including Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188 Surfactant, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 182, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407 NF, 124 Grade, 338 NF, and more. Spectrum Chemical has exactly the form and grade of Poloxamer(Pluronic) for your lab needs. Poloxamer(Pluronic) is a nonionic triblock copolymer. It is made up of a main hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene bordered on each side by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene.
Because the lengths of the polymer blocks can be customized, many different Poloxamer(Pluronic)s exist that have slightly different properties. For the generic term Poloxamer(Pluronic), these copolymers are commonly named with the letter P (for Poloxamer(Pluronic)) followed by three digits: the first two digits multiplied by 100 give the approximate molecular mass of the polyoxypropylene core, and the last digit multiplied by 10 gives the percentage polyoxyethylene content (e.g. P407 = Poloxamer(Pluronic) with a polyoxypropylene molecular mass of 4000 g/mo} Poloxamer(Pluronic) and a 70% polyoxyethylene content). For the Pluronic and Synperonic tradenames, coding of these copolymers starts with a letter to define Poloxamer(Pluronic)’s physical form at room temperature (L = liquid, P = paste, F = flake (solid)) followed by two or three digits, The first digit (two digits in a three-digit number) in the numerical designation, multiplied by 300, indicates the approximate molecular weight of the hydrophobe; and the last digit x 10 gives the percentage polyoxyethylene content (e.g., L61 indicates a polyoxypropylene molecular mass of 1800 g/mol and a 10% polyoxyethylene content). In the example given, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 181 (P181) = Pluronic L61 and Synperonic PE/L 61. Work led by Kabanov has recently shown that some of these polymers, originally thought to be inert carrier molecules, have a very real effect on biological systems independently of the drug they are transporting. The Poloxamer(Pluronic)s have been shown to incorporate into cellular membranes affecting the microviscosity of the membranes. The polymers seem to have the greatest effect when absorbed by the cell as an unimer rather than as a micelle. ).  Poloxamer(Pluronic) comes in many different forms and grades, including Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188 Surfactant, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 182, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407 NF, 124 Grade, 338 NF, and more. Spectrum Chemical has exactly the form and grade of Poloxamer(Pluronic) for your lab needs. Poloxamer(Pluronic) is a nonionic triblock copolymer. It is made up of a main hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene bordered on each side by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene.

Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are nonionic compounds that contains a large group of copolymers surfactants formed by chains of ethylene oxide block (EO) and propylene oxide (PO) (OEx–POy–OEx). Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are nonionic triblock copolymers composed of a central hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene (poly(propylene oxide)) flanked by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene (poly(ethylene oxide)). The word Poloxamer(Pluronic) was coined by the inventor, Irving Schmolka, who received the patent for these materials in 1973.Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are also known by the trade names Synperonics, Pluronic, and Kolliphor.

Poloxamer(Pluronic)s have been shown to preferentially target cancer cells, due to differences in the membrane of these cells when compared to noncancer cells. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s have also been shown to inhibit MDR proteins and other drug efflux transporters on the surface of cancer cells; the MDR proteins are responsible for the efflux of drugs from the cells and hence increase the susceptibility of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are nonionic triblock copolymers composed of a central hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene (poly(propylene oxide)) flanked by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene (poly(ethylene oxide)). The word Poloxamer(Pluronic) was coined by the inventor, Irving Schmolka, who received the patent for these materials in 1973.Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are also known by the trade names Synperonics, Pluronic, and Kolliphor.
The Poloxamer(Pluronic)s have also been shown to enhance proto-apoptotic signaling, decrease anti-apoptoic defense in MDR cells, inhibit the glutathione/glutathione S-transferase detoxification system, induce the release of cytochrome C, increase reactive oxygen species in the cytoplasm, and abolish drug sequestering within cytoplasmic vesicles.
An important characteristic of Poloxamer(Pluronic) solutions is their temperature dependent self-assembling and thermo-gelling behavior. Concentrated aqueous solutions of Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are Poloxamer(Pluronic)s and poloxamines are also known as macromolecules, respectively. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are a family of more than 50 different amphiphilic nonionic block polymers of hydrophobic propylene oxide (PO) and hydrophilic ethylene oxide (EO), covering a range of liquids, pastes and solids. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s consist of a central polyoxypropylene (POP) molecule, which is flanked on both sides by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene (POE). A slightly different structure is exhibited by the poloxamines, which are tetrafunctional block copolymers with four POE–POP blocks joined together by a central ethylene diamine bridgeliquid at low temperature and form a gel at higher temperature in a reversible process. The transitions that occur in Poloxamer(Pluronic)s depend on the polymer composition (molecular weight and hydrophilic/hydrophobic molar ratio). In recent years these hydrogels have been used as carriers for most routes of administration, the most interesting are discussed below. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are polymers used for drug delivery as formulation excipients. Assessment of Poloxamer(Pluronic)s Poloxamer(Pluronic) 101, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 105, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 108, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 122, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 123, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 124, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 181, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 182, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 183, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 184, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 185, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 212, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 215, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 217, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 231, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 234, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 235, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 237, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 238, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 282, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 284, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 288, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 331, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 333, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 334, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 335, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 401, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 402, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 403, and Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 105 Benzoate, and Poloxamer(Pluronic) 182 Dibenzoate as Used in Cosmetics. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are used in pharmaceutical formulations as surfactants, emulsifying agents, solubilizing agent, dispersing agents, and as in vivo absorbance enhancers. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are also used in topical dosage forms and rectal suppositories. The common available grades are Poloxamer(Pluronic) Poloxamer(Pluronic) 68, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 88, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 98, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 108, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 124, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 237, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338, and Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407. Poloxamer(Pluronic) comes in many different forms and grades, including Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188 Surfactant, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 182, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407 NF, 124 Grade, 338 NF, and more. Spectrum Chemical has exactly the form and grade of Poloxamer(Pluronic) for your lab needs. Poloxamer(Pluronic) is a nonionic triblock copolymer. It is made up of a main hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene bordered on each side by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene.
The phase transitions can also be largely influenced by the use of additives such as salts and alcohols. The interactions with salts are related to their ability to act as water structure makers (salting-out) or water structure breakers (salting-in). Salting-out salts increase the self-hydration of water through hydrogen bonding and reduce the hydration of the copolymers, thus reducing the critical micelle temperature and critical micelle concentration. Salting-in electrolytes reduce the water self-hydration and increase the polymer hydration, therefore increasing the critical micelle temperature and critical micelle concentration. The different salts have been categorized by the Hofmeister series according to their ‘salting-out’ power. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are nonionic triblock copolymers composed of a central hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene (poly(propylene oxide)) flanked by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene (poly(ethylene oxide)). The word Poloxamer(Pluronic) was coined by the inventor, Irving Schmolka, who received the patent for these materials in 1973.Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are also known by the trade names Synperonics, Pluronic, and Kolliphor. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s and poloxamines are also known as macromolecules, respectively. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are a family of more than 50 different amphiphilic nonionic block polymers of hydrophobic propylene oxide (PO) and hydrophilic ethylene oxide (EO), covering a range of liquids, pastes and solids. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s consist of a central polyoxypropylene (POP) molecule, which is flanked on both sides by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene (POE). A slightly different structure is exhibited by the poloxamines, which are tetrafunctional block copolymers with four POE–POP blocks joined together by a central ethylene diamine bridgeliquid at low temperature and form a gel at higher temperature in a reversible process. The transitions that occur in Poloxamer(Pluronic)s depend on the polymer composition (molecular weight and hydrophilic/hydrophobic molar ratio). In recent years these hydrogels have been used as carriers for most routes of administration, the most interesting are discussed below. Different phase diagrams characterizing all these transitions have been constructed for most Poloxamer(Pluronic)s using a great variety of experimental techniques (e.g. SAXS, Poloxamer(Pluronic)s (Poloxamer(Pluronic) 101, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 105, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 108, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 122, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 123, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 124, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 181, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 182, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 183, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 184, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 185, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 212, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 215, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 217, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 231, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 234, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 235, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 237, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 238, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 282, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 284, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 288, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 331, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 333, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 334, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 335, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 401, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 402, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 403, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 105 Benzoate, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 182 Dibenzoate) are polymers made of a block of polyoxyethylene, followed by a block of polyoxypropylene, followed by a block of polyoxyethylene. The average number of units of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene varies based on the number associated with the polymer . For example, the smallest polymer, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 101, consists of a block with an average of 2 units of polyoxyethylene, a block with an average of 16 units of polyoxypropylene, followed by a block with an average of 2 units of polyoxyethylene. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s range from colorless liquids and pastes to white solids. In cosmetics and personal care products, Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are used in the formulation of skin cleansers, bath products, shampoos, hair conditioners, mouthwashes, eye makeup remover and other skin and hair products. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s help to form emulsions by reducing the surface tension of the substances to be emulsified and help other ingredients to dissolve in a solvent  in which they would not normally dissolve. They also clean the skin and hair by helping water to mix with oil and dirt so that they can be rinsed away. Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188 kills microorganisms, or prevents or inhibits their growth and reproduction. Poloxamer(Pluronic) 182 Dibenzoate acts as a lubricant on the skin's surface, which gives the skin a soft and smooth appearance.Differential scanning calorimetry, viscosity measurements, light scattering). Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are triblock copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) available in different molecular weights and PPO/PEO ratios. The presence of PEO and PPO blocks in a single polymer chain gives rise to essentially amphiphilic molecules whose self-assembling properties display a wide range of phase behavior. This ability to form micelles and liquid-crystalline phases is strongly temperature dependent since increasing the temperature allows self-association which decreases the critical micelle concentration (CMC). Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are nonionic triblock copolymers composed of a central hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene flanked by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene. The word ‘Poloxamer(Pluronic)’ was coined by the inventor, Irving Schmolka, who received the patent for Poloxamer(Pluronic)s in 1973. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are also known by their trade name Pluronics. Concentrated Poloxamer(Pluronic) solutions in water undergo thermoreversible sol–gel transition by the micellar mechanism.115 Thermosensitive sol–gels of the commercial Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407 have been suggested for use in short-term treatments such as pain management, infection treatment, fertility control, and in topical drug delivery. Solutions of Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407 (∼25%) are viscous liquids below 25 °C; at body temperature Poloxamer(Pluronic)s form a semisolid gel. Weak mechanic strength, relatively high solubility in body fluids, and nonbiodegradability are the main hurdles for the use of Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407 in cell delivery systems. Introduction of the carbonate linkage between Poloxamer(Pluronic) ‘blocks’ and linking of Poloxamer(Pluronic)s into structures of a higher molecular mass118 Poloxamer(Pluronic) were attempted to overcome these disadvantages. Poloxamer(Pluronic) is an amphiphilic block copolymer, consisting of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethyelene oxide) triblock copolymer (PEO-PPO-PEO). Poloxamer(Pluronic)s and poloxamine nonionic surfactants have diverse applications in various biomedical fields ranging from drug delivery and medical imaging to management of vascular diseases and disorders.

Another important property of Poloxamer(Pluronic)s is their thermogelling behaviour: in fact, water dispersions of some of these polymers are generally in the liquid phase at low temperatures but become a strong gel at increased temperatures.
Certain Poloxamer(Pluronic)s such as P85 have been shown not only to be able to transport target genes to target cells, but also to increase gene expression. Certain Poloxamer(Pluronic)s, such as P85 and L61, have also been shown to stimulate transcription of NF kappaB genes, although the mechanism by which this is achieved is currently unknown, bar that P85 has been shown to induce phosphorylation of the inhibitory kappa.
An important characteristic of Poloxamer(Pluronic) solutions is their temperature dependent self-assembling and thermo-gelling behavior. Concentrated aqueous solutions of Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are liquid at low temperature and form a gel at higher temperature in a reversible process. The transitions that occur in these systems depend on the polymer composition (molecular weight and hydrophilic/hydrophobic molar ratio).
The phase transitions can also be largely influenced by the use of additives such as salts and alcohols. The interactions with salts are related to their ability to act as water structure makers (salting-out) or water structure breakers (salting-in). Salting-out salts increase the self-hydration of water through hydrogen bonding and reduce the hydration of the copolymers, thus reducing the critical micelle temperature and critical micelle concentration. Salting-in electrolytes reduce the water self-hydration and increase the polymer hydration, therefore increasing the critical micelle temperature and critical micelle concentration. The different salts have been categorized by the Hofmeister series according to their ‘salting-out’ power. Different phase diagrams characterizing all these transitions have been constructed for most Poloxamer(Pluronic)s using a great variety of experimental techniques. In recent years these hydrogels have been used as carriers for most routes of administration, the most interesting are discussed below. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are polymers used for drug delivery as formulation excipients. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are used in pharmaceutical formulations as surfactants, emulsifying agents, solubilizing agent, dispersing agents, and as in vivo absorbance enhancers. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are also used in topical dosage forms and rectal suppositories. The common available grades are Poloxamer(Pluronic) Poloxamer(Pluronic) 68, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 88, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 98, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 108, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 124, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 237, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338, and Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s help to form emulsions by reducing the surface tension of the substances to be emulsified and help other ingredients to dissolve in a solvent  in which they would not normally dissolve. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s also clean the skin and hair by helping water to mix with oil and dirt so that Poloxamer(Pluronic)s can be rinsed away. Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188 kills microorganisms, or prevents or inhibits their growth and reproduction. Poloxamer(Pluronic) 182 Dibenzoate acts as a lubricant on the skin's surface, which gives the skin a soft and smooth appearance. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are polyoxyethlyene, polyoxypropylene block polymers. The impurities of commercial grade Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188, as an example, include low-molecular-weight substances (aldehydes and both formic and acetic acids), as well as 1,4-dioxane and residual ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. Most Poloxamer(Pluronic)s function in cosmetics as surfactants, emulsifying agents, cleansing agents, and/or solubilizing agents, and are used in 141 cosmetic products at concentrations from 0.005% to 20%. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s injected intravenously in animals are rapidly excreted in the urine, with some accumulation in lung, liver, brain, and kidney tissue. In humans, the plasma concentration of Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188 (given intravenously) reached a maximum at 1 h, then reached a steady state.

Poloxamer(Pluronic) xa ya za Pluronic no.b                                        
Poloxamer(Pluronic) 101 2 16 2 L-31   Poloxamer(Pluronic) 105 11 16 11 L-35    Poloxamer(Pluronic) 108 46 16 46 F-38
Poloxamer(Pluronic) 122 5 21 5 —       Poloxamer(Pluronic) 123 7 21 7 L-43        Poloxamer(Pluronic) 124 11 21 11 L-44
Poloxamer(Pluronic) 181 3 30 3 L-61    Poloxamer(Pluronic) 182 8 30 8 L-62      Poloxamer(Pluronic) 183 10 30 10 —
Poloxamer(Pluronic) 184 13 30 13 —   Poloxamer(Pluronic) 185 19 30 19 —     Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188 75 30 75 F-68
Poloxamer(Pluronic) 212 8 35 8 —      Poloxamer(Pluronic) 215 24 35 24 —     Poloxamer(Pluronic) 217 52 35 52 F-77
Poloxamer(Pluronic) 231 6 39 6 L-81   Poloxamer(Pluronic) 234 22 39 22 P-84   Poloxamer(Pluronic) 235 27 39 27 P-85
  Poloxamer(Pluronic) 237 62 39 62 F-77  Poloxamer(Pluronic) 238 97 39 97 F-87   Poloxamer(Pluronic) 282 10 47 10 L-92     Poloxamer(Pluronic) 284 21 47 21 —   Poloxamer(Pluronic) 288 122 47 122 F-98   Poloxamer(Pluronic) 331 7 54 7 L-101
Poloxamer(Pluronic) 333 20 54 20 P-103  Poloxamer(Pluronic) 334 31 54 31 P-104  Poloxamer(Pluronic) 335 38 54 38 P-105
Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338 128 54 128 F-108  Poloxamer(Pluronic) 401 6 67 6 L-121   Poloxamer(Pluronic) 402 13 67 13 —
Poloxamer(Pluronic) 403 21 67 21 P-12    Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407 98 67 98 F-127

Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are nonionic triblock copolymers composed of a central hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene flanked by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene. The word ‘Poloxamer(Pluronic)’ was coined by the inventor, Irving Schmolka, who received the patent for Poloxamer(Pluronic)s in 1973. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are also known by their trade name Pluronics. Concentrated Poloxamer(Pluronic) solutions in water undergo thermoreversible sol–gel transition by the micellar mechanism.115 Thermosensitive sol–gels of the commercial Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407 have been suggested for use in short-term treatments such as pain management, infection treatment, fertility control, and in topical drug delivery. Solutions of Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407 (∼25%) are viscous liquids below 25 °C; at body temperature Poloxamer(Pluronic)s form a semisolid gel. Weak mechanic strength, relatively high solubility in body fluids, and nonbiodegradability are the main hurdles for the use of Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407 in cell delivery systems. Introduction of the carbonate linkage between Poloxamer(Pluronic) ‘blocks’ and linking of Poloxamer(Pluronic)s into structures of a higher molecular mass118 Poloxamer(Pluronic) were attempted to overcome these disadvantages. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s (Poloxamer(Pluronic) 101, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 105, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 108, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 122, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 123, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 124, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 181, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 182, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 183, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 184, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 185, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 212, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 215, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 217, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 231, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 234, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 235, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 237, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 238, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 282, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 284, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 288, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 331, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 333, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 334, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 335, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 401, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 402, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 403, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 105 Benzoate, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 182 Dibenzoate) are polymers made of a block of polyoxyethylene, followed by a block of polyoxypropylene, followed by a block of polyoxyethylene. The average number of units of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene varies based on the number associated with the polymer . For example, the smallest polymer, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 101, consists of a block with an average of 2 units of polyoxyethylene, a block with an average of 16 units of polyoxypropylene, followed by a block with an average of 2 units of polyoxyethylene. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s range from colorless liquids and pastes to white solids. In cosmetics and personal care products, Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are used in the formulation of skin cleansers, bath products, shampoos, hair conditioners, mouthwashes, eye makeup remover and other skin and hair products.Poloxamer(Pluronic) is an amphiphilic block copolymer, consisting of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethyelene oxide) triblock copolymer (PEO-PPO-PEO). Formulation and characterization of Poloxamer(Pluronic) thermoreversible gel containing polymeric microparticles and hyaluronic acid. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are triblock copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) available in different molecular weights and PPO/PEO ratios. Poloxamer(Pluronic) is composed of triblock copolymers of polyethylene oxide (PEO)-polypropylene oxide (PPO)-polyethylene oxide (PEO). In recent years these hydrogels have been used as carriers for most routes of administration, the most interesting are discussed below. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are polymers used for drug delivery as formulation excipients. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are used in pharmaceutical formulations as surfactants, emulsifying agents, solubilizing agent, dispersing agents, and as in vivo absorbance enhancers. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are also used in topical dosage forms and rectal suppositories. The common available grades are Poloxamer(Pluronic) Poloxamer(Pluronic) 68, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 88, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 98, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 108, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 124, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 237, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338, and Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407. Poloxamer(Pluronic) as a nonionic surfactant, the synthetic polymer has been previously used in drug delivery and medical imaging applications Poloxamer(Pluronic) sol-gel reversible hydrogels have attracted the attention for practical biomedical and pharmaceutical applications because of constituents solubility, biocompatibility with biological systems and easy administration of pharmaceutical formulations. The pharmaceutical and biomedical fields covered by the use of Poloxamer(Pluronic)s including solubilization of hydrophobic drugs, controlled release, biomacromolecule delivery (e.g., proteins and genes) and tissue engineering. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s help to form emulsions by reducing the surface tension of the substances to be emulsified and help other ingredients to dissolve in a solvent  in which they would not normally dissolve. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s also clean the skin and hair by helping water to mix with oil and dirt so that Poloxamer(Pluronic)s can be rinsed away. Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188 kills microorganisms, or prevents or inhibits their growth and reproduction. Poloxamer(Pluronic) 182 Dibenzoate acts as a lubricant on the skin's surface, which gives the skin a soft and smooth appearance. Poloxamer(Pluronic) with its synonym as polyethylene-propylene glycol copolymer and trade names as Supronic, Pluronic or Tetronic have been introduced in 1950 as a non-ionic triblock copolymer. Assessment of Poloxamer(Pluronic)s Poloxamer(Pluronic) 101, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 105, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 108, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 122, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 123, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 124, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 181, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 182, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 183, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 184, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 185, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 212, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 215, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 217, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 231, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 234, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 235, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 237, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 238, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 282, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 284, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 288, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 331, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 333, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 334, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 335, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 401, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 402, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 403, and Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 105 Benzoate, and Poloxamer(Pluronic) 182 Dibenzoate as Used in Cosmetics. They were since then very famously used in diverse pharmaceutical applications. Chemically Poloxamer(Pluronic) is α-Hydro-ω-hydroxypoly (oxyethylene)a poly (oxypropylene)b poly (oxyethylene)a block copolymer and they consisted of two hydrophilic chains of ethylene oxide chains (PEO) that sandwiched one hydrophobic propylene oxide chain (PPO) giving a chemical formula HO(C2H4O)a(C3H6O)b(C2H4O)aH where a and b have the values as shown in the Table 1. The varying length of polymer blocks giving rise to different polymers identified as Poloxamer(Pluronic) 124, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 237, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338 and Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407 showing a slight difference in their properties.


Most applications involve the use of Poloxamer(Pluronic) P407 and include delivery of protein/peptide drugs [25], such as insulin [26], interleukin-2 [27], epidermal growth factor [28], bone morphogenic protein [29], fibroblastic growth factor, and endothelial cell growth factor [30]. Surfactants play an important role in stabilizing proteins in liquid formulations against aggregate/particle formation during processing, handling, storage, and transportation. Only 3 surfactants are currently used in marketed therapeutic protein formulations: polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80, and Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188. While polysorbates are the most widely used surfactants, their intrinsic oxidative and hydrolytic degradation issues highlights the importance of alternative surfactants such as Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188. Here, we compare polysorbates and Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188 with regards to their stabilizing properties under various stress and storage conditions for several monoclonal antibody formulations. Our data shows that Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188 can provide suitable protection of monoclonal antibodies against interfacial stress in liquid formulations in vials. However, visible protein-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS; silicone oil) particles were observed in vials after long-term storage at 2-8°C for some protein formulations using Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188, which were not observed in polysorbate formulations. The occurrence of these protein-PDMS particles in Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188 formulations is a protein-specific phenomenon that may correlate with protein physico-chemical properties. In this study, the primary source of the PDMS in particles found in vials was considered to be from the primary packaging stoppers used. Our findings highlight benefits, but also risks associated with using Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188 in liquid biotherapeutic formulations. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s (Poloxamer(Pluronic) 101, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 105, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 108, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 122, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 123, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 124, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 181, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 182, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 183, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 184, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 185, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 212, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 215, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 217, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 231, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 234, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 235, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 237, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 238, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 282, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 284, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 288, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 331, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 333, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 334, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 335, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 401, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 402, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 403, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 105 Benzoate, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 182 Dibenzoate) are polymers made of a block of polyoxyethylene, followed by a block of polyoxypropylene, followed by a block of polyoxyethylene. The average number of units of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene varies based on the number associated with the polymer . For example, the smallest polymer, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 101, consists of a block with an average of 2 units of polyoxyethylene, a block with an average of 16 units of polyoxypropylene, followed by a block with an average of 2 units of polyoxyethylene. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s range from colorless liquids and pastes to white solids. In cosmetics and personal care products, Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are used in the formulation of skin cleansers, bath products, shampoos, hair conditioners, mouthwashes, eye makeup remover and other skin and hair products.

In recent years these hydrogels have been used as carriers for most routes of administration, the most interesting are discussed below. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are polymers used for drug delivery as formulation excipients. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are used in pharmaceutical formulations as surfactants, emulsifying agents, solubilizing agent, dispersing agents, and as in vivo absorbance enhancers. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are also used in topical dosage forms and rectal suppositories. The common available grades are Poloxamer(Pluronic) Poloxamer(Pluronic) 68, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 88, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 98, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 108, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 124, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 237, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338, and Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s and poloxamine nonionic surfactants have diverse applications in various biomedical fields ranging from drug delivery and medical imaging to management of vascular diseases and disorders. Safety Assessment of Poloxamer(Pluronic)s Poloxamer(Pluronic) 101, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 105, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 108, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 122, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 123, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 124, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 181, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 182, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 183, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 184, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 185, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 212, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 215, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 217, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 231, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 234, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 235, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 237, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 238, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 282, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 284, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 288, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 331, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 333, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 334, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 335, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 401, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 402, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 403, and Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 105 Benzoate, and Poloxamer(Pluronic) 182 Dibenzoate as Used in Cosmetics.
Product category Number of formulations Maximum (Total number of formulations) containing ingredient concentration of use (%) (FDA 2002) (FDA 2002) (CTFA 2004a) Poloxamer(Pluronic) 105 Hair conditioners (651) 5 — Shaving cream (134) 2 3 Total uses/ranges for Poloxamer(Pluronic) 105 7 3 Poloxamer(Pluronic) 181 Moisturizers (905) — 0.005 Other skin care preparations (725) — 6 Total uses/ranges for Poloxamer(Pluronic) 181 — 0.005– 6 Poloxamer(Pluronic) 182 Other bath preparations (196) 1 Eyeliners (548) 1 Lipsticks (962) 1 Shaving cream (134) 1 Paste masks/mud packs (271) — 3 Other skin care preparations (725) — 0.2 Suntan gels, creams, and liquids (131) — 6 Total uses/ranges for Poloxamer(Pluronic) 182 4 0.2–6 Poloxamer(Pluronic) 184 Other bath preparations (196) 11 0.4 Eye makeup remover (100) 9 0.03–0.04 Hair conditioners (651) 6 — Noncoloring shampoos (884) 5 10 Makeup fixatives (20) — 3 Other makeup preparations (201) 1 0.9 Skin cleansing creams, lotions, etc. (775) 27 3–6 Body and hand creams, lotions, etc. (840) 1 0.4 Moisturizers (905) — 0.3 Other skin care preparations (725) 1 3 Suntan gels, creams, liquids (131) — 2 Indoor tanning preparations (71) 1 — Total uses/ranges for Poloxamer(Pluronic) 184 62 0.03–10 Poloxamer(Pluronic) 185 Eye Lotion (25) — 0.5–9 Eye makeup remover (100) — 2 Other Eye Makeup Preparations (125) 1 — Paste Masks (mud packs) (271) 8 — Other skin care preparations (725) — 0.5 Total uses/ranges for Poloxamer(Pluronic) 185 9 0.5–9 Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188 Eye lotion (25) 1 — Permanent waves (207) 6 — Skin cleansing creams, lotions, etc. (775) 3 1–2 Night creams, lotions, etc. (200) 1 — Other skin care preparations (725) 1 2 Indoor tanning preparations (71) — 0.8 Total uses/ranges for Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188 12 0.8–2 (Table continued on next page) 98 COMESTIC INGREDIENT REVIEW TABLE 4 Frequency and concentration of use of Poloxamer(Pluronic)s (Contiued). Product category Number of formulations Maximum (Total number of formulations) containing ingredient concentration of use (%) (FDA 2002) (FDA 2002) (CTFA 2004a) Poloxamer(Pluronic) 212 Other skin care preparations (725) — 2 Total uses/ranges for Poloxamer(Pluronic) 212 — 2 Poloxamer(Pluronic) 217 Other personal hygiene products (308) 2 — Total uses/ranges for Poloxamer(Pluronic) 217 2 — Poloxamer(Pluronic) 234 Noncoloring shampoos (884) — 0.1 Hair tonics, dressings, etc. (598) — 0.3–2 Skin cleansing creams, lotions, etc. (775) — 0.5–10 Face and neck creams, lotions, etc. (310) — 0.5–1 Body and hand creams, lotions, etc. (840) — 0.01 Moisturizers (905) — 0.5 Other skin care preparations (725) — 0.5 Other suntan preparations (38) — 0.01 Total uses/ranges for Poloxamer(Pluronic) 234 — 0.01–10 Poloxamer(Pluronic) 237 Eye makeup remover (100) 1 — Dentifrices (40) 1 — Mouthwashes and breath fresheners (46) 2 — Total uses/ranges for Poloxamer(Pluronic) 237 4 — Poloxamer(Pluronic) 238 Other bath preparations (196) 1 — Body and hand creams, lotions, etc. (840) 2 — Foot powders and sprays (35) 1 — Total uses/ranges for Poloxamer(Pluronic) 238 4 — Poloxamer(Pluronic) 333 Body and hand creams, lotions, etc. (840) — 1 Total uses/ranges for Poloxamer(Pluronic) 333 — 1 Poloxamer(Pluronic) 334 Hair tonics, dressings, etc. (598) — 0.3 Total uses/ranges for Poloxamer(Pluronic) 334 — 0.3 Poloxamer(Pluronic) 335 Mouthwashes and breath fresheners (46) 2 — Total uses/ranges for Poloxamer(Pluronic) 335 2 — Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338 Mouthwashes and breath fresheners (46) 2 — Total uses/ranges for Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338 2 — Poloxamer(Pluronic) 401 Body and hand creams, lotions, etc. (840) 2 — Total uses/ranges for Poloxamer(Pluronic) 401 2 — Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407 Eye makeup remover (100) — 2 Permanent waves (207) 2 — Other manicuring preparations (55) — 5 Dentifrices (40) — 12–20 Mouthwashes and breath fresheners (46) 18 0.3–1 (Table continued on next page) POLOXAMER(PLURONİC)S 99 TABLE 4 Frequency and concentration of use of Poloxamer(Pluronic)s (Continued). Product category Number of formulations Maximum (Total number of formulations) containing ingredient concentration of use (%) (FDA 2002) (FDA 2002) (CTFA 2004a) Other oral hygiene products (6) 1 — Underarm deodorants (247) 6 — Other personal hygiene products (308) 1 — Skin cleansing creams, lotions, etc. (775) — 9 Moisturizers (905) — 1 Skin fresheners (184) — 3 Other skin care preparations (725) 3 — Total uses/ranges for Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407 31 0.3–20

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